Guangzhou has built a high-speed highway, ranking first in the province. The "three-ring+nineteen-shot" main skeleton road network basically formed the northern section of the second airport expressway. On December 30, the northern section of the second airport expressway invested and constructed by Guangzhou Jiaotou Group passed the handover acceptance and was open to traffic. After this section is opened to traffic, a second high-speed passage will be added directly to Baiyun Airport, so that citizens in the north and east of Guangzhou will not need to detour by plane. The North Section of the Second Airport Expressway connects the North Second Ring Expressway, Huaguan Expressway and other national highways such as G106 and S118, forming a closed-loop regional traffic pattern of Guangzhou Airport and a new northbound exit passage, which will further enhance the distribution capacity of Baiyun Airport and accelerate the development of the airport economic zone, and play an important role in improving the layout of Guangzhou expressway network, alleviating the "bottleneck" of northbound exit traffic in Guangzhou, constructing the Pan-Pearl River Delta expressway pattern centered on Guangzhou, and promoting the interconnection of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Up to now, Guangzhou has built a high-speed highway with a mileage of over 1,100 kilometers, ranking first in the province in terms of construction scale, and the "three-ring+nineteen-shot" main skeleton road network has basically taken shape. Avoid congestion and bypass to build a second high-speed passage through the airport. "Driving to Baiyun Airport, the airport expressway is the only way." Mr. Li told reporters. However, on holidays, the traffic volume increases, and the airport expressway is often congested. "Leave some time in advance for holidays in case the traffic jam can’t catch up with the plane." With the opening of the northern section of the airport’s second expressway, Mr. Li’s worries will be effectively alleviated.The second expressway of the airport starts from Shanqian Interchange on the north extension line of the airport expressway and ends at Huangcun Interchange on Guangzhou-Shenzhen Expressway, with a total length of 44.46 kilometers. The project is roughly bounded by the North Second Ring Expressway and is divided into the northern section and the southern section. The northern section of the project is 22.11 kilometers (including 1.36 kilometers of connecting lines), with the construction standard of 8 lanes in two directions and the design speed of 100 kilometers per hour, with 7 interchanges and 1 management center. After the opening of the North Section of the Second Airport Expressway, the high-speed network around Baiyun Airport forms a closed loop, and citizens have one more route to choose from to go to the T1 and T2 terminals of Baiyun Airport or the surrounding area. They can drive from the North Section of the Second Airport Expressway to Fanghua Road and then to the T1 terminal via T3 interchange. In the future, after the planned road at the airport is completed and opened to traffic, the accessibility of the road network will be further improved. Citizens can switch from the airport north interchange to the T2 terminal and from the T3 interchange to the T3 (planned) terminal, which will effectively alleviate the traffic congestion of citizens during holidays, and citizens in Huadu District and Baiyun District can also reduce road detours when going to the airport. It is reported that the south section of the second expressway of the airport has started construction in an all-round way. When it is completed and opened to traffic, it will connect the northern section of the project and China Unicom’s seven expressways, and become an important highway hub in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, further improving the "three-ring+nineteen-shot" expressway network, focusing on upgrading the energy level of the external expressway corridors in the directions of Guanghui, Guang ‘ao, Guangzhao and Guangqing, helping to build a Pan-Pearl River Delta expressway network with Guangzhou as the center and create a "one-hour traffic circle" in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area."After the second expressway of the airport is opened to traffic, the driving time from Tianhe to Baiyun Airport will be shortened from 1 hour to 30 minutes, and it will also become the fastest way for major cities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area such as Dongguan, Foshan and Zhaoqing to go to Baiyun Airport." The person in charge of the second expressway project at the airport said. Insist on green and intensive construction to build Guangzhou Expressway demonstration project. The northern section of the second expressway of the airport passes through urban dense areas, crossing (passing through) high expressways, national and provincial highways and rapidly transforming roads, railways and subways for many times. The buildings (structures) and pipelines along the line are complicated and the construction requirements are extremely high. In this regard, Guangzhou Jiaotou Group has always adhered to the new development concept, focusing on intensive land conservation, safe construction and green construction. In the overall scheme selection, the route should be optimized on the principle of occupying cultivated land, fertile land and economic forest as little as possible; In the design stage, bridge structure should be adopted as much as possible to reduce the land occupation; Minimize temporary land occupation during the construction stage; After completion, vegetation, cultivated land and municipal roads will be restored in time. In addition, rainwater collection and accident emergency pools are set up on the road section passing through the water source protection area, and rainwater and sewage on the road surface are collected and treated centrally; Sound insulation and noise reduction measures are adopted in the road sections passing through environmentally sensitive points such as villages, campuses and residential areas, such as SMA, OGFC and PAC combined noise reduction pavement and fully enclosed sound insulation screen, so as to minimize the impact on the surrounding environment. It is understood that there are two underpass tunnels in the northern section of the second expressway of the airport.They are the airport north tunnel, the longest two-way eight-lane expressway in China with a length of 3,012m, and the airport south tunnel, the widest expressway in China with a length of 1,100m. By adopting the scheme of underpass tunnel, the environmental friendliness is improved and the construction difficulty is also increased. "Airport North Tunnel is located next to Liuxi River, with complex geological environment and great risk of collapse." The person in charge of the project said. In order to overcome the construction difficulties, geological conditions are taken as an important consideration in the scheme design of the north section of the second expressway of the airport, and the scheme is dynamically adjusted during the construction, and measures such as real-time monitoring and strengthening protection are taken to ensure the construction safety. At the same time, the northern section of the second expressway of the airport makes the best use of the existing corridor resources in route selection, creates a three-dimensional traffic system and releases the urban development space. "For example, in the section of National Highway 106, there is a subway under it, with National Highway 106 in the middle and the second expressway above the airport." The project leader introduced. The project also innovated the way of pipeline relocation. For the first time in Guangzhou expressway construction industry, the comprehensive pipeline relocation unit was selected by public bidding, and multiple pipeline relocation routes were optimized by design and construction general contracting, and all pipeline property rights units were organized to participate in the design scheme discussion, breaking the "fragmented" situation of pipeline relocation, which not only greatly reduced the amount of land occupation and house demolition, saved investment costs, but also provided orderly pipe network layout support for future road network improvement.Promote innovation and empower BIM technology to lead smart construction sites to build the second high-speed airport project. BIM technology is also widely used in site construction and management, effectively solving construction problems in complex environments. According to reports, BIM technology is based on three-dimensional digital technology, which combines the BIM model established in the early stage with the surrounding real terrain, environment and other data through multi-channel image fusion technology to generate a real digital virtual sand table of the project, and escorts the project construction by intelligent means. How to move the pipeline? The model predicts first. The airport second expressway project innovatively uses "GIS+BIM" technology to establish a virtual digital sand table, and generates a visual three-dimensional model of the invisible underground pipeline. "Through the BIM model, the pipeline relocation can be arranged in advance. For example, seeing the close relationship between the pipeline and the subway and finding the conflict point of the pipeline relocation will make the actual operation more organized." The project leader said. The northern section of the project involves the construction of G106 bridge pier, capping beam and steel box beam, as well as the prefabrication and erection of beam and slab. The project adopts BIM technology to build an all-round three-dimensional real-life model communication platform, observe the site construction in 360 degrees in real time, strengthen the deep interaction between the project company and the construction unit, realize the scientific, standardized and intelligent management of the project based on BIM technology, and speed up the progress of the project. With this technology, the SG08 contract section of the North Section of the Second Airport Expressway completed an output value of 80 million yuan in a single month, setting a new record for the monthly output value of the bridge standard. It is understood that,The research results of the project on BIM technology also won many honors, such as the third place in the BIM application category of bridges and tunnels in the 10th imagine cup Building Information Model (BIM) Application Competition. Expand the skill competition mode, and the provincial key project labor competition will boost the project construction. During the construction process, the northern section of the second expressway of the airport will also vigorously carry out the provincial key project labor competition to adapt to the development of the new era. By expanding the depth of labor competition and innovating the skill competition mode, the construction upsurge of catching up with learning will be set off in the whole project, which will effectively promote the high-quality and efficient construction of the project. It is understood that since 2017, the project has carried out a series of labor competition activities such as "attacking the city and pulling out the village", "taking root", "flowering results" and "making new achievements", with the goal of "model project, clean project and quality project". Through a series of skill competitions, such as steel bar welding and upsetting straight thread sleeve connection, experimental testing practice, engineering survey practice, New Jersey guardrail steel bar binding and pouring, and the appraisal of craftsmen’s construction teams, post experts (pacesetters), advanced collectives and individuals, technical exchanges and mutual promotion have been realized, and the simple production and physical labor competition has been upgraded into an intelligent and scientific research competition, and four advanced collectives and three winners of Guangdong May 1 Labor Medal have emerged.

Special feature of 1905 film network The teenage girl was killed, but the real murderer was actually three minors?

They are demons who are numb to evil, cruel thugs, and "snakes and rats" who refuse to resist and fall. In the face of three unrepentant underage murderers, will the girl’s father punish the real murderer by law or in his own way?

The suspense crime film adapted from the novel of the same name was officially released on May 17th. This film focuses on the topic of "juvenile delinquency" and discusses where the sharp edge of justice should point in the hesitation between love and law.

In the movie: the emotional ups and downs caused by three kinds of hesitation

As early as during the screening of the film, many viewers expressed their feelings of "worrying and really hesitating" after the screening. Wandering from the title of the film to the film itself runs through.

The first hesitation comes from the father of the victim girl. After his daughter was subjected to inhuman abuse by a minor murderer, he fell into the trap of "am I a hand-edged murderer, revenging my daughter, or taking legal channels and waiting for the day when the law punishes them?" The entanglement.

For Li Changfeng, the father of the victim girl, "the law will punish them, but it will also give them a chance, but my daughter has no chance anymore."

The second hesitation lies in the spectator’s perspective. As He Jia, on the one hand, her simple sense of justice supports her to help Li Changfeng punish the murderer. At the same time, she is also urging Li Changfeng to turn himself in, firmly believing that the police and the law will bring these murderers to justice.

The third hesitation in the film comes from Liang Jun, a policeman. In the movie, he once let Li Changfeng go after controlling him, but when Li Changfeng was really ready to kill Xie Yu, the "head of the devil", he came forward in time to stop him. Liang Jun’s hesitation lies in, on the one hand, discouraging Li Changfeng and convincing him that legal means can sanction the murderer, but when Li Changfeng himself commits a crime, he should also be arrested.

Outside the film: social thinking inspired by four key turning points

There was a stepped sign at the premiere of the film, with four key words written from top to bottom: "joke, bullying, addiction and forgetting", which just correspond to the four key turning points of the film story.

The first is "joking". Xie Yu, the first of the three juvenile offenders, said in the film, "You don’t have the courage to play, do you?" . Wang Tianxiao, the accomplice, said, "It’s okay before you reach the age of 18. If it’s a big deal, just let your dad pay more." Luo Zhicheng also said, "I didn’t know that girl would really die."

These words are full of self-righteous jokes and ignorance of the law. Because for them, they are under the age of 18 and think that they will not be punished by law, so they naturally think that this behavior is just a game and a "joke". It is in the case that the joke is getting bigger and bigger that "bullying" begins to emerge, which is what we often say — — Bullying.

The third key word is "addiction". Just as Li Changfeng indulged in the grief of losing his daughter, he cried to the police, "I only have my daughter. My daughter is dead, so I can only sit here and wait quietly, waiting for the police to tell me how my daughter died and waiting for a fair referee to do justice for my daughter." In fact, there is only one obsession in his heart, that is, to speak out for his daughter. This deep love also made him finally go to the road of revenge on the murderer.

The fourth keyword "forgetting" can be introduced from a detail in the film. Before leaving home to seek revenge, Li Changfeng clung to his daughter’s favorite doll until the end of the film. Explain that Li Changfeng doesn’t want to forget his daughter, but the criminal suspects, these underage murderers who take pleasure in bullying, have they forgotten their previous criminal acts? Liang Jun, a policeman, said, "These children are not the most terrible, the most terrible thing is forgetting".

Xie Yu, the "head of the devil", had committed two crimes before committing this crime. On the first two occasions, he insulted the victim, but this time he killed Li Qian directly after insulting him. It is in this process of constant connivance and forgetting that his criminal methods are escalating step by step, and he has gone to a more serious criminal path. Therefore, the last keyword "forgetting" is two-sided. It is precisely because the murderer forgot the pain caused by the crime that he became insensitive and committed greater guilt. However, the families of the victims who have been hurt by forgetting will never get rid of this whirlpool of pain.

Law and film are working hard.

Laws and movies have also made a lot of efforts not to "forget" these vivid realities and lives. In the past, the law did not pursue criminal responsibility for crimes committed by minors under the age of 14, but in recent years, the mental development of minors has become more and more precocious, and the means of carrying out behaviors that endanger society have become more cruel. The law responded to these acts.

The 11th Amendment to the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates in Article 17 that minors who have reached the age of 12 but have not reached the age of 14 can be investigated for criminal responsibility if they commit intentional homicide, intentional injury and cause death, or cause disability by particularly cruel means. If the circumstances are bad, they can be investigated for criminal responsibility with the approval of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate.

Some time ago, in the case of juvenile delinquency in Handan, Hebei, these minors were over 12 and under 14. With the approval of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, these three minors also entered the criminal proceedings, so what awaits them will be the investigation of criminal responsibility. Therefore, the law has chosen the strict side for minors in this respect, that is, not to "forget".

As a carrier of communication, movies sometimes play the role of spotlight and magnifying glass. At the beginning of this year, the film focused on the application of Article 20 of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). Similarly, the film "Blade of Wandering" will also arouse people’s reflection and realize the blade of justice through legal means.

Academic Scholar Li Weiwen: The Original Journal of Li Weiwen’s Architectural History from the Beginning to the End of the Reconstruction Plan of Beijing Ancestral Temple in Jiajing Dynasty of Ming Dynasty

In the tenth year of Jiajing (1531), Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty initiated a reform of the ancestral temple system in Beijing, aiming at transforming the pattern of different rooms in the same room into the pattern of different halls in the capital. As an engineering decision-maker, Ming Shizong personally formulated the planning principles, and his assistant team submitted several rounds of design schemes and accepted the examination and approval of the emperor, which finally deepened the design scheme and practice of Nine Temples, which was recorded in history. This process was recorded in detail by Xia Yan, a courtier, which not only helps to deepen the understanding of the evolution of the ancestral temple in Beijing, but also helps to understand the operation mode of ancient architectural projects in China and the role of architects.

Ming jiajing dynasty Beijing ancestral temple

The whole process of reconstruction planning scheme generation

Li weiwen

After Zhu Houzong (hereinafter referred to as Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty) ascended the pole, a series of national sacrificial rites reforms were launched, and the altar and temple facilities in Beijing were completely transformed. After Zuo Shunmen’s incident, the results of the big ceremony for his biological father (Xing Xian Di) God gradually stabilized, but Ming Shizong was always unwilling that the ancestral temple (Figure 1) failed to make a better temple system. The reform of the temple system in the later stage of Shizong in Ming Dynasty can be regarded as the continuation of the great ceremony in depth.

Figure 1 The plane state of Beijing ancestral temple in 1942.

The controversy over the ritual system is not the only obstacle for Ming Shizong to practice his personal temple system. On the specific renovation planning of the ancestral temple complex, Ming Shizong also felt a considerable obstacle, that is, as he said, "it is difficult to make the temple system more correct." In order to change the temple system, Ming Shizong launched a far-reaching action. The final result of this action was the completion of the Jiumiao complex at the end of the 15th year of Jiajing (1536) and the implementation of the new memorial ceremony. Until the 20th year of Jiajing (1541), the pattern of Jiumiao was destroyed by fire, which constituted a short and compact chapter in the history of Beijing ancestral temple (Figure 2). Yan Kai has basically combed this process in his thesis "Research on the Architecture of Beijing Ancestral Temple". However, the transformation of the ancestral temple from the original regulation of different rooms in the same room to the pattern of different halls in the same palace did not happen overnight, but it went through repeated planning and many scheme adjustments for quite a period of time. The gradual deepening of this series of architectural schemes was recorded in detail in the script of the participants such as Xia Yan, the assistant minister. Through these historical records, this paper attempts to restore the formation process of the planning and design scheme of the nine temples in Jiajing, Ming Dynasty, and to get a glimpse of the decision-making operation in the planning and design of national architecture in Ming Dynasty.

Fig. 2 Restoration performance diagram of Jiajing ancestral temple reconstruction design

Determination of planning conditions and Zhao Shanming’s scheme

As early as a few years before Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty really started to promote the reconstruction of the ancestral temple, he had revealed his plan to transform the ancestral temple into a palace hall on many occasions. One of the earliest times was a duet recorded by Li Shi in his "South City Calling Couples". Li Shi didn’t record the specific time of the dialogue, but according to Xia Yan’s record of the same performance in his book "Taking into account the ancient and modern temple system, begging for clarity and breaking the sparse", it can be known that it happened in November of Jiajing Decade (1531). In this dialogue, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty raised the concern that "the ceremony of worshipping a hundred gods in the suburbs is correct, but the ceremony of the ancestral temple is not perfect", and cited the story of Ming Taizu’s establishment of the four-parent temple, advocating the transformation of the ancestral temple into the form of a palace. However, the attitude of several ministers is very cautious. On behalf of several ministers, Li Shi first expressed the attitude that "the ceremony of nine temples is impossible". This attitude is not only considered from the perspective of etiquette, but also involves the time and physical strength required for the emperor to worship the nine temples. However, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty did not elaborate or defend the connotation of the ritual system of the Nine Temples, but directly made a statement on his idea of transforming the ancestral temple: "I want to stay in the main hall. It is said: it is good not to move the hall. When I was a minister, I said, Don’t you move the bedroom? Above, they said, "None of the three halls will move.".

Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty explained the basic planning conditions for the reconstruction of the ancestral temple to his closest officials, which actually explained the overall scale of the project and the disturbance degree to the main building of the existing ancestral temple. By determining the first principle that the three halls of the ancestral temple should not be demolished and rebuilt, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty hoped to dispel his officials’ doubts about the nature of the project and gain their support. In the dialogue, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty denied Xia Yan’s solution of temporary structures, and determined the permanent architectural nature of the project. By promising the planning principle of "don’t have to fit the ancient" and "don’t move the main hall, only use two temples ….. only have its meaning", the upper limit of the total project is explained, which dispels the exaggerated imagination and worry of the liegeman about the concept of "all palaces and separate halls". As a result, Xia Yan and others’ attitudes were obviously eased. "At first, I saw the sacred worry … the three halls did not move, and things were easy." A design team began to form.

Nevertheless, the Dugong Biedian is still a vague concept of etiquette, leaving a lot of room for specific architectural forms. The so-called Nine Temples can be nine groups of buildings with similar scale (such as the Nine Temples of Wangmang) or a complex with clear priorities, and the ritual connotations of these possibilities are different. After this performance, Xia Yan put forward two obstacles for the ministers to make the plan of the Nine Temples. First, the ancient ceremony required Zhao Muqun Temple to be in the south of the ancestral temple, but the land south of the ancestral temple was not plentiful: "If the temple of three Zhao and three Mu was in front of the ancestral temple according to the ancient system, it would be very far from the south of the imperial palace to the Chengtianmen wall. Even if you do your best to build a group of temples, you will be afraid of the situation. " Secondly, the scale of Zhaomu temples in ancient rituals is imitated as ancestral temples or only slightly increased or decreased. If such a design is adopted, the shortage of land will be aggravated. However, if the scale is reduced to the extent that the existing land can be accommodated, it is not appropriate in the ritual system: "The ancients had seven temples and nine temples, and the system was the same. The structure of the ancestral temple is extremely grand and strong, and the temples in the group are humble, so I am afraid it is not called the residence of the nine temples before my death. " The solution of these two contradictions runs through the whole project planning.

In the 11th year of Jiajing (1532), Zhao Shanming, an experienced officer of the Chinese army, introduced the reconstruction scheme of the ancestral temple (numbered scheme I in this article), and Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty ordered the auxiliary ministers to evaluate the scheme. On March 12th of that year, Xia Yan refuted Zhao Shanming’s visit to the temple in his book Refuting the Experience of Zhao Shanming’s Temple, directly questioning Zhao Shanming’s "lack of etiquette". Surveying and mapping the ancestral temple without permission, "measuring refers to painting" and "things are good at drawing". However, since Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty ordered Xia Yan and others to evaluate Zhao Shanming’s proposal, it shows that he is interested in the proposal and at least agrees with some of its ideas. Therefore, Zhao Shanming’s plan can be regarded as the first conceptual plan for the transformation of the ancestral temple.

Zhao Shanming first emphasized in his recitation that his plan followed the planning principle defined by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, and that "the ancestral temple, the second bedroom temple and the Golden Gate were all untouched". The main points of its plan are as follows:

Expand the whole land of the ancestral temple and push out the existing ancestral temple wall to the four sides. The east wall of the expanded ancestral temple is close to the west wall of the World Temple, leaving five feet between them, and the existing river channel between the ancestral temple and the World Temple is changed into a culvert; The north wall is in line with the north wall of the World Temple; The western wall reaches the corridor along the front line of the end gate and the noon gate, leaving five feet behind; The south wall reaches the imperial city wall on the east side of Chengtianmen, leaving five feet with it. The five-foot gap left in the above three directions will form a "U"-shaped carriageway. The expanded land for the ancestral temple completely occupies the area east of Liuke Gallery, south of Tongzi River and west of the World Temple, which will basically occupy the existing pine and Berlin.

Due to the external expansion of the walls of the ancestral temple, the main courtyard of the ancestral temple will be independent from the center of the land. Taizong Temple and Sanzhao Temple are arranged on its east side, and Sanmu Temple is arranged on its west side, with a total of seven groups of buildings. Zhao Shanming demarcated each group of construction land as 30 feet deep and 28 feet wide, and reserved tunnels in between. According to its own calculation, except for Taizong Temple, Sanzhao and Sanmu are arranged from the new south wall of Taizong Temple to the north, with a total depth of 95.4 zhangs, and its land use is the same as the southern edge of the pedestal of Taizong Temple. The World Temple maintains the status quo (Figure 3).

Fig. 3 The idealization of Scheme I refuted in Xia Yan’s recitation on March 12th, 11th year of Jiajing (1532) in Gui Zhou Recital.

Left: there are both ancestral temples; Right: Planning the ancestral temple

It should be noted that Zhao Shanming’s reconnaissance and design work are all his personal behaviors, and his grasp of the overall scale of the ancestral temple is quite biased. If, according to the real scale of the ancestral temple area, the wall branch is expanded as planned, the central building complex of the ancestral temple will not be in the middle of the area, but will be slightly west. It is also difficult to realize the scale of the group temples designed by Zhao Shanming. Once arranged, it will completely fill the space on both sides of the ancestral temple, especially on the narrow west side. If a group of temples are arranged with a width of 28 feet, it will not meet the 5-foot-wide imperial road in the temple street gate reserved in Zhao Shanming’s plan. Therefore, the performance in Figure 3 of this paper has made some adjustments to the scale of the group temples, and the size of the group temples in the figure is slightly smaller than the data given by Zhao Shanming to reflect the original intention of the scheme.

In addition, Zhao Shanming’s plan also involves a number of environmental adjustments, including using the existing rocks in the pine forest of Taimiao, "after moving to the World Temple, fill the river and fill it up, and grow more pines and cypresses to protect the Xuanwu side"; Plant more flowers and trees in front of the ancestral temple. With regard to the material raising for the project implementation, the scheme even puts forward the idea of designing the large wooden structure in advance and sending it to the southern provinces to deliver the large wooden components to Beijing after production, which is quite imaginative. However, all these proposals were refuted by Xia Yan. Xia Yan only affirmed Zhao Shanming’s proposal that Taizong and Shimin temples should not enter Zhaomu and remain immortal out of his observation of the original intention of Ming Shizong’s ritual painting.

Looking at Zhao Shanming’s plan, its overall idea basically meets the planning conditions proposed by Ming Shizong, but its planned area for Zhaomu Temple is too large, and the existing trees are cut down too much, which does not reflect the original intention of Ming Shizong to accommodate new buildings only in two spaces. In addition, its scheme only affirmed the immovable status of the World Temple from the ritual system, but did not give an architectural solution, which could not satisfy the selfishness that Ming Shizong did not point out, which was an important weakness of the scheme.

The deepening of Zhao Shanming’s plan and the plan of Jiumiao Dugong

After Xia Yan’s criticism, Zhao Shanming’s plan was also rejected by Ming Shizong. But soon, on the second day of April in the 11th year of Jiajing (1532), Xia Yan went to the book "Rules and Regulations on Building a Ancestral Temple in Jincheng" and introduced two improvement schemes with several courtiers and internal supervisors, which showed that Zhao Shanming’s proposal really extended the discussion on the temple system for some time.

Xia Yan mentioned in this lecture that after the personnel who participated in the engineering design made a reconnaissance of the ancestral temple, a plan for expanding the outer wall of the ancestral temple in three directions (scheme II in this paper) was briefly put forward. In fact, this plan is very close to the idea of Zhao Shanming’s plan, that is, expanding the land for the ancestral temple to accommodate the group of temples, but the scale of this expansion is far smaller than that of Zhao Shanming’s plan, and it is still basically controlled outside the two temples of the existing ancestral temple (Figure 4). The biggest adjustment of Zhao Shanming’s scheme in Scheme II is to give up the idea of trying to strictly control the land of Zhaomu Temple in the south of the existing ancestral temple according to ancient rites, thus greatly alleviating the land shortage on the south side of the ancestral temple in Zhao Shanming’s scheme. The scale and arrangement of the group temples were not mentioned in the recital, but we can see that the total depth of each group temple in the east and west still exceeds the existing ancestral temple land, and the purpose of expanding the south wall is to form a new capital palace to match the total depth of the group temples. However, it is not stated in the recitation whether the Taizong Temple, the ancestral hall of Wenzu, is also included in the scope of the capital palace.

Fig. 4 Scheme II mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the second day of April in the 11th year of Jiajing (1532) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

It is recorded in the notes that this design has undergone a new adjustment, forming another scheme (scheme ⅲ in this paper), that is, the east-west wall remains completely intact, and only the width of two gaps is used to accommodate the Zhaomu Temple; The south wall is still spreading to the south, but to a lesser extent: "There is no need to spread the east and west walls, but only 14 feet and 4 feet in the wall divided by 20 feet and 9 feet as the royal road, 11 feet and 5 feet as the width of the temple, and 22 feet and 5 feet as the depth of the temple … The temple gate wall only spreads to the south by 80 feet and 8 feet".

In this scheme, each group of Zhaomu temples is arranged vertically, and two royal roads connecting the temples run through from the inside, forming a ∩-shaped passage with the tunnel between the back wall and the back wall of the temple. According to the design of 8.8-foot south extension of the south wall of Taimiao in this plan, Taizong Temple has been clearly incorporated into Dugong at this time: expanding the south wall by 8.8-foot on the basis of the total depth of 81.2-foot of Taimiao will form a Dugong with a depth of 90-foot, and the hatchback can just accommodate four temples adjacent to the north and south with a depth of 22.5-foot (Figure 5). The planning of Jiumiao Dugong was thus formed.

Fig. 5 Scheme III mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the second day of April in the 11th year of Jiajing (1532) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

This plan has not involved the architectural design of each temple in detail, but only mentioned that "each temple will only build a main hall with five rooms" and there is no sleeping hall. It shows that the officials who participated in the design at this time have fully understood the instruction of Ming Shizong about the design of group temples, and no longer pursue the perfection of regulation and the far-reaching scale. At this point, the feasible factors in Zhao Shanming’s scheme have been basically extracted, while his exaggerated assumption on the scale of land use has been abandoned. However, for this deepening plan, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty only approved "Stop", and the reconstruction of the ancestral temple was put on hold for some time. Perhaps this is still due to the controversy over the connotation of the ritual system.

On September 8th, 13th year of Jiajing (1534), Xia Yan and others were ordered to visit the ancestral temple again, and a new round of design began. The origin of this design was the disaster of the ancestral temple in Nanjing, which was interpreted by Xia Yan and others as the auspicious feeling that ancestors expected the new temple system, which made Ming Shizong make up his mind. Xia Yan quoted the architectural design scheme of a group of temples personally put forward by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty in his Regulation of Seven Temples at the Order, that is, "the system does not need to go far from the front and back temples, that is, the front hall has five rooms, the tiger seat is backward, and three rooms are connected to the dormitory from Zhangyu, which is also righteous." The reason why Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty took the lead in guiding the design of the buildings of the ancestral temples when the overall pattern of the renovation was not yet determined was that on the one hand, he insisted that the regulations of the temples still needed to be complete, denying the simple design of each temple with only one main hall, on the other hand, he restricted the occupation scale of the newly-built temples, further reducing the impact on the existing pattern of the ancestral temples.

Fig. 6 Scheme IV mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the eighth day of September in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

According to Xia Yan’s recitation, "It was originally planned that the regulations of the temples would reach the south wall of the ancestral temple, then the east and west temple walls would go out before the Jimen Gate of the ancestral temple, and there would be obstacles in the kitchen of the Shenku". It can be seen that there was still an intermediate scheme (scheme IV in this article) between the eleventh year of Jiajing (1532) and this new discussion in the thirteenth year of Jiajing (1534). In this scheme with unknown formulation time, the south wall of Taimiao does not expand to the south, indicating that the total size of the temples has been reduced again. However, the land for Zhaomuqun Temple will still stand out from the south of Jimen Line, "reaching the south wall of Taimiao". The design of the extended hatchback, such as schemes III and IV, will lead to the narrowing of the square between the Jimen Gate and the Liulimen Gate of the Imperial Temple, and at the same time, it is necessary to move the Shenku Shenchu and Jingting (Figure 6). These problems may be the reason why Ming Shizong personally restricted the scale of the main buildings of various temples in September, 13th year of Jiajing (1534). Under the new guidance, the area occupied by the temples in the group can continue to shrink, and the southernmost part "merges with the side door of the ancestral temple gate, and the straight north back wall merges with the ancestral temple temple", and a new scheme of "solemn potential" (scheme V in this paper) can be formed. From then on, all the designs that caused the uneven parts of the land or the need to move the wall were put an end to.

Fig. 7 Plan V mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the eighth day of September in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

The plane pattern logic of scheme V is completely the same as that of the later implementation. Compared with the above-mentioned schemes, the difference between them and schemes I, II and III is that the four external walls are not expanded; The difference with Scheme IV is that the inner wall does not move, while the new wall strictly follows the extension line of the existing frame. In the new scheme, the scale of each temple group is equal, the depth is 16.15 feet, and the total depth of the temples group is 64.6 feet. This value is completely consistent with the distance between the existing halberd gate and the back wall of the temple (that is, the total depth of the two gaps is 67.5 zhangs minus the width of the tunnel behind the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple Scheme V was finally approved by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, and the reconstruction project of Taimiao entered the preparatory stage of the project. It is expected to start in the spring of the 14th year of Jiajing (1535). At this point, all the intentions of the Ming Shizong to transform the ancestral temple into a palace hall have been implemented in the planning, but another important intention of the Ming Shizong to initiate the temple system reform, that is, the relocation of the temple, has not been reflected in the above design process.

Moving in and Design of the World Temple

According to the Regulation of the World Temple on the 8th day of February in the 14th year of Jiajing (1535) included in Gui Zhou Memorial, it seems that the idea of the moving in and specific regulation of the World Temple in Ming Shizong started a little late, more like a parallel project with the transformation of the Imperial Temple Palace. Some studies believe that in the design of the Imperial Palace of Taimiao, there are four groups of buildings, namely ShiShi Temple and Sanzhao Temple, on the left, while Sanmu Temple is on the right. The land opposite to ShiShi Temple may be the location reserved by Shizong in Ming Dynasty for Ruizong. But in fact, in the paintings of the ancestral temple of Shizong in the Ming Dynasty, the temple was always the capital palace for itself. At this stage, there was no attempt to merge the God of Ruizong into the capital palace of Taimiao. In terms of etiquette, even after the reign of Emperor Ruizong in the 17th year of Jiajing (1538), there was at most a dispute with the ranking of Wu Zong, and there was no reason to directly override the three Mu. From the architectural point of view, the existing temple at that time occupied a large area, and its main building was regulated according to the Wenhua Temple ("In the east of the brick city, within the imperial city, the south city is as far north as possible or a temple is set up in the east. The porch of the bedroom door behind the front hall is like the Wenhua Hall "), which is much larger than the planned Zhaomu Temple in the Imperial Palace and the planned Wenzu World Room. If we must move into the extremely cramped space of the Imperial Temple Palace, it will inevitably lead to a situation that the regulation of the new world temple is not as good as that of the existing one, which is absolutely unacceptable to Ming Shizong. Therefore, the hypothesis that the virtual master treats the Rui Sect is debatable.

The early planning of the New World Temple is not recorded in the literature. By the time Xia Yan published "Rules and Regulations on the Temple of the World" in the 14th year of Jiajing (1535), the design of the World Temple had actually begun. According to the imperial edict of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, "The World Temple proposed by Qing et al. yesterday was regulated in the east of Taimiao, and trees could not be moved", indicating that the World Temple was originally located on the land adjacent to the east side of Taimiao Dugong. For the sake of cutting down trees as little as possible, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty finally chose Xinshi Temple as "a wide place in the southeast of the ancestral temple … which stops at Shenshen Road in the north and reaches the east wall of Chengtianmen in the south, with a total length of 63 feet and 3 feet". However, the Xinshi Temple is not adjacent to the Great Wall of the Imperial City, but only occupies the northern part of the land: "The depth of the north and south … is 35 feet and 9 inches, and the width of the temple street in the south is 27 feet and 4 feet". In this way, the Xinshi Temple is actually embedded in the gap between the Imperial Palace and the east channel of the Imperial Temple, and its overall pattern is not plentiful (Figure 8). In the 22nd year of Jiajing (1543), the Imperial Palace was destroyed by fire. After a site survey, Yan Song made a more detailed description of the site selection pattern of the surviving Xinshi Temple (then known as Ruimiao Temple), saying that "another waist wall outside the east wall of Ruimiao Temple is near the deep ditch. This ditch is the way for the inner imperial city to pass water … It is found that the base of the old temple is more than 63 feet across, and now the ground is added to the ditch in the east wall, which stops at 19 feet. " It is conceivable that the New World Temple, which is only 19 feet wide, is arranged in this gap, and its width is 17 feet wide.

Fig. 8 The site selection data of the World Temple mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the eighth day of February in the 14th year of Jiajing (1535).

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

It is further pointed out in "Rules and Regulations on the Temple of the World" that the original design of the Temple of the World was "nine front halls, seven rear bedrooms … seven in front of them … seven in back … five in back … five in halberds … and its rules and regulations are almost the same as those of the ancestral temple. Considering the narrow scale of the land used for the New World Temple, this design may mean a particularly compact opening rhythm (this compact opening rhythm to ensure the number of rooms can be seen in the Jingdechong Temple, the imperial temple in Beijing, which was also created for the ritual system of Jiajing Dynasty). Why this design was finally abandoned has not been mentioned in the literature.

The regulation of the architecture of Xinshi Temple was finally determined as seven front halls, five rear bedrooms, five front two bedrooms, three rear two bedrooms and five halberds. The specific scale of each single building is attached with pictures, but unfortunately it has not been handed down from generation to generation. After that, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty said that "the height of the temple should be adjusted from now on, and the rest should be adjusted according to the plan", which seems to have been adjusted in detail. Only the follow-up information has not been published in the literature.

Strengthening the regulation of Taizong temple and the architectural design of each temple

Before the actual construction of Jiumiao Dugong, its design underwent another adjustment, the main purpose of which was to increase the temple regulation of Taizong Temple and make it different from Zhaomu Temple. In Reconsidering the Rules and Regulations of Seven Temples in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), Xia Yan introduced a fine-tuning scheme, trying to heighten the Taizong Temple without changing the established graphic design of the scheme. Generally speaking, there are many ways to improve the design height of a temple, and the height can be found on the abutment, column height, paving layer and roof elevation. However, the lifting height of the large wooden structure is generally limited by the depth ratio of the temple, and it is impossible to increase it arbitrarily. In the graphic design scheme of Taizong Temple, which covers the same area as Zhaomu Temple, "because the base site is the same, it is difficult to worship Dongyu". In this fine-tuning scheme, the front hall and the sleeping hall of Taizong Temple are barely one foot, four inches, five minutes and five inches higher than those of the group temples. This symbolic increase is difficult to observe with the naked eye in the Jiumiao complex with high building density.

Fig. 9 Scheme VI mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on October 23rd, 13th year of Jiajing (1534) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

Therefore, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty immediately requested that "the imperial ancestor Taizong’s family room should be added again". Therefore, Xia Yan and others decided to adjust the plane pattern of Jiumiao building complex again, expand the scale of Taizong Temple, reduce the depth of the temple group from 16.15 feet in the plan to 16 feet, and merge the vacated space into the land for Taizong Temple, so that the depth of Taizong Temple reached 16.6 feet, providing space for the worship of the temple. After the above adjustments, this version of the floor plan (numbered scheme ⅵ in this paper) was finally determined as the implementation scheme of Jiumiao Dugong (Figure 9).

After this adjustment, the temple regulation of Taizong Temple was finally able to distance itself from Zhaomu Temple. The increasing degree of the design data of the single hall of Taizong Temple mentioned in the recitation can also reverse the design scale of the group temple buildings, which is summarized in Table 1:

Table 1 The design data of Taizong Temple mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on October 23rd, 13th year of Jiajing (1534) and the design data of each group of temples deduced from it.

palace hall

Wide face (Zhang)

Depth (Zhang)

Tonggao (Zhang)

Taizong temple front hall

7.759

4.009

5.495

Qunmiao qiandian

7.59

3.759

5.05

Taizong temple sleeping hall

6.009

2.395

3.575

Qunmiao rest hall

5.84

2.259

3.375

Through site adjustment, the height of the front hall of Taizong Temple is 0.445 m higher than that of Zhaomuqun Temple, and the height added on the abutment is 0.1 m, which shows that the height added on the wooden structure or tile is 0.345 m.. The height of the sleeping hall of the world room is 0.2 zhangs higher than that of the sleeping hall of Zhaomuqun Temple, and the height added on the abutment is 0.1 zhangs, which shows that the height added on the wooden structure or tile is also 0.1 zhangs.

With the actual progress of the reconstruction project, Xia Yan further detailed the dimensions of the Ming rooms in front of each temple in his "Sketch of the Regulation of Objects in Jincheng Ancestral Temple" on the third day of August in the 14th year of Jiajing (1534). These data are helpful to further restore the architectural design in the new temple system (Figure 10).

Fig. 10 Scale summary diagram of newly-built temples and courtyards in Gui Zhou Memorial and its pattern restoration hypothesis.

According to the architectural pattern design of the temples put forward by Ming Shizong in September of the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), "There are five front halls, with the tiger seats backward, and three bedrooms are connected after the zhangs". It is speculated that in the final implementation plan of the transformation of the ancestral temple, both the ancestral temple and the Zhaomuqun temple are only the front halls and the rear bedrooms, and there are no two guards and halberds. As for the tiger-seat eaves behind the front hall, it is a common practice in temples and ritual buildings in the Ming Dynasty, and it should be as wide as the Ming Dynasty, but its exact depth has not been recorded in the literature. In Figure 10, the images are expressed by dotted lines. The scale of the World Temple is longer than that of other newly-built temples to accommodate the Jimen and the two temples, and its overall pattern is similar to that of the main courtyard of the Imperial Temple. The width and height of the front and rear halls of the World Temple are not recorded in Gui Zhou Recital, but it can be seen from the Sketch of the Regulation of Objects in Jincheng Ancestral Temple that the scale and depth of the Ming Dynasty (the "depth of the Ming Dynasty" recorded in this sketch is actually the total depth of the building) are obviously larger than those of Taizong Temple and Zhaomu Temple.

With regard to the architectural design of the temples and bedrooms, except for the World Temple, given that the front halls of each group of temples are five rooms wide, according to the common practice of temples in the Ming Dynasty, if the other rooms have equal spans, the dimensions of other rooms of these buildings can be calculated from the Ming Dynasty. With reference to the architectural examples of the Ming Dynasty and the existing buildings of the ancestral temple, on the premise that the existing single building of the ancestral temple complex has a saving distance of no more than 11 doukou, assuming that the saving distance of the newly-built temples is 11 doukou, it can be further inferred that the materials used are as shown in Table 2:

Table 2 Speculation on the Ming scale and timber scale of newly-built temples

build

bay

Width (feet)

Presumptive saving equivalent number

Calculate the saving distance (feet)

Estimated bucket mouth value (inch)

Estimated design bucket mouth value (inch)

Taizong temple front hall

Mingjian

23.59

seven

3.37

3.064

three

Other rooms

13.5 (Extrapolation)

four

3.375

3.068

Qunmiao qiandian

Mingjian

22.9

seven

3.271

2.974

three

Other rooms

13.25 (calculation)

four

3.3125

3.011

Shimiaoqiandian

Mingjian

25

seven

3.571

3.247

3.25

The regulation of sleeping halls in newly-built temples is rarely recorded in the literature, and there is no data on the scale of Ming Dynasty. However, considering the design rules of the building complex, its materials should be the same as the corresponding front hall. At present, each single building on the central axis of the ancestral temple is 4 inches, and the newly built temples adopt smaller buckets, which is also consistent with the intention of "respecting the ancestors" in Jiumiao Dugong. The width and depth of each hall are all zero, especially ending with nine points and nine inches. In addition to the auspicious factors, it is likely to include the consideration of the side feet of eaves columns in order to obtain a more complete size in the paving layer and roof.

Fig. 11 Presumption on the standing of the front and back temples of Jiajing Taizong Temple (World Room)

The literature does not specify the height of each temple abutment and the roof shape, and this paper does not focus on restoring the single building shape of each temple. Generally speaking, judging from the ratio of the height to the depth, the front hall of Taizong Temple and the front halls of all temples should be double eaves, otherwise the roof height or abutment height will be too high. In the Ming Dynasty, the proportion of halls and halls was wide and flat, and in extreme cases, the height of eaves and columns could only reach about 60% of the width of rooms and halls. Assuming the front hall of the Temple of Etai, the eaves column is about 14.16 feet high, and the height of the golden column is about 26.9 feet if calculated by 1.9 times the eaves column. Assuming that the depth of the front hall of Taizong Temple is 4.009 feet, the depth of the secondary steps accounts for two distances before and after, and the upper eaves are paved with seven steps and a single elevation, the depth of the upper eaves is about 2.673 feet. According to the roof height of 3: 1 and the abutment height of 6 feet, a draft design of side vertical sample can be obtained (Figure 11). Considering the height of the ridge tiles of the temple, the height of the temple can basically be consistent with the ruler contained in the literature, and the proportion is reasonable.

On the national etiquette system from the perspective of the nine temples project

Decision-making and planning principles of buildings

The design process of Jiajing’s renovation of ancestral temple revealed some renovation principles of large-scale buildings such as national altar temple in Ming Dynasty. The graphic design of national large-scale buildings in Ming Dynasty followed a series of laws of scale and proportion, which was discussed in detail by Mr. Fu Xinian in the article "Characteristics of Master Planning Techniques of Beijing Palace Temple and other large-scale buildings in Ming Dynasty". On this basis, the Research on Architectural Design of Beijing Imperial Temple further points out that the two walls inside and outside the main body of the Imperial Temple, and the walls and individual building scales all cooperate with each other, such as the width of the outer wall is equal to the depth of the inner wall, and so on.

However, this carefully constructed plane pattern was once challenged unprecedentedly when Jiajing rebuilt Jiumiao Temple. A series of preliminary process schemes sorted out in the above article have interfered with the original pattern of the ancestral temple complex to varying degrees. The author speculates that in Jiajing period, the design data of Yongle Zhaozao ancestral temple and Hongzhi Zengjian temple may have been missing, and some precise intentions in the initial graphic design are no longer known. The opportunities for ministers and workers to actually contact the ancestral temple space are extremely limited, and it is even more difficult to understand the proportion and modulus contained in its plane pattern. Interestingly, the subsequent design deepening process of Jiumiao complex happened to be a process of gradually returning to Yongle-Hongzhi plane planning. In the early planning, the disturbance to the original plane was gradually reduced and neutralized, and finally, the principle of design under the original plane framework was completely established. As for the reasons behind this process, on the one hand, it is the guidance of the planning principle of "minimum intervention in plane" determined by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, on the other hand, it may also be that the officials and ministers gradually realized the intention of the original plane design of Yongle-Hongzhi in the round of deepening the plan. Judging from the fact that the gate wall of the Temple of God, which was built in the 24th year of Jiajing (1545), still follows this plane frame, the original design intention of the ancestral temple complex should have been clearly understood by the monarch and his ministers at that time.

With the help of the above planning and design, we can also get a glimpse of the decision-making process of the transformation of a group of buildings located at the top of the national etiquette system in Ming Dynasty. In this process, it is particularly noteworthy that the emperor’s auxiliary ministers participated in the planning. It is generally believed that the design process of large-scale official construction projects in the history of ancient architecture in China is significantly different from that in the West. In the west, architects with independent professional status often intervene in official or royal projects by participating in bidding and accepting entrustment. The deepening, promotion and adjustment of the design scheme form a complete cycle of creation, cooperation and game, which is closer to the mode of contract signing by Party A and Party B in contemporary construction projects. In ancient China, however, the role of national engineering architect was much more vague. On the one hand, it was undertaken by the emperor himself as the project decision maker, on the other hand, it was undertaken by the craftsmen and wood factories as structural engineers and builders, and there seemed to be a lack of a docking layer between them. However, by observing the design process of Jiumiao architectural complex in Jiajing period, it can be found that the auxiliary ministers around the emperor played an important role in the decision-making of specific engineering projects, although they did not necessarily have a civil knowledge background. On the one hand, they had the opportunity to listen to the emperor’s instructions on the project planning principles and put forward their opinions. On the other hand, their direct reconnaissance of the project site also formed the basis for further design work. Before the specific project is truly assembled, there may be many schemes put forward by them for discussion and deepening. These steps make up for the "design" gap between planning and construction; The construction engineering literacy of the auxiliary ministers constitutes the "group role" of the ancient architects in China.The important attribute of "X" is worthy of further analysis in future research.

Residual theory

Scholars such as Mr. Fu Xinian and Yan Kai have found that the graphic design of the ancestral temple in Beijing adopts a square grid of 50 feet as the basic module, and tried to restore the original design scale of the ancestral temple through modern surveying and mapping data. However, all kinds of scale data in the design process of the reconstruction of the ancestral temple mentioned in Xia Yan and others’ notes can undoubtedly push this exploration forward.

If we compare the scales in documents related to Jiajing’s transformation of ancestral temple with those restored by Fu Xinian and Yan Kai (Table 3), we will find that the scale data obtained from reconnaissance in historical documents do not completely correspond to the modulus of five feet, and are often not integer feet. On the one hand, it shows that there may be differences between ancient surveying and mapping accuracy and design accuracy, on the other hand, it also shows that plane modulus is not the only design principle of large-scale buildings. The engineering and cognitive factors behind this need to be further explored.

Table 3 Comparison of document scale, measured reduction scale and design reduction scale of Taimiao building complex

Documents and Calculation Scale in Jiajing Period (Zhang)

Modern measured scale (Zhang)

Design reduction scale (Zhang)

The wall goes deep from north to south.

81.2

85.3

eighty-five

The interior wall goes deep from north to south.

64.6

65.22

65

East-west width of big wall

63~64

65

65

East-west width of interior wall

34.2~35.2

36

36

Width of tunnel behind the temple

2.9

2.5

Jimen Square goes deep.

13.7

17.5

Compartment width

14.4

14.5

14.5

Most of the literature data are in good agreement with the measured reduction data, and the measured reduction scale is generally slightly larger than the literature scale. Considering that the modern surveying and mapping data and square modulus analysis adopted by Mr. Fu Xinian are based on the wall skin, these deviations may mean that the surveying and mapping data in the Ming Dynasty literature are based on the wall centerline. The difference of the above data is generally within the control range of the project, except for the item of the depth of the great wall of Taimiao complex from north to south, there is a significant difference of about 3.8 zhangs between the document scale and the actual scale, and this difference is caused by the difference of the depth of Jimen Square. This shows that at some point since the transformation of the ancestral temple in Jiajing period, the southern wall of the ancestral temple has indeed been expanded to the south. When did this expansion happen? Was it when the ancestral temple was rebuilt in the 22nd year of Jiajing (1543) or when the river bridge in front of Jimen Gate was expanded in the 28th year of Qing Qianlong (1763)? If the south wall of the existing ancestral temple is retracted 3.8 feet to the north, the geometric center of the formed large wall will fall on the front eaves of the enjoyment hall. Is this the original design intention when the ancestral temple was founded in Yongle period? These are still problems to be solved.

In the 24th year of Jiajing (1545), the episode of Nine Temples finally ended. The ancestral temple complex was restored to the old system, and Ruizong was able to build a temple. This construction history, which is full of subtle considerations of etiquette and personal sustenance, has hardly left any trace in the current ancestral temple, but its meticulous and detailed design process has enabled us to re-understand the operation mode of China’s ancient national project.

Ming Shizong’s idea of changing the temple system has gone through five years from concept to realization. The new temple system is not the arbitrary result of the king, but a mature operation from determining the planning principle, evaluating the conceptual scheme, organizing on-site reconnaissance, submitting the formal design, deepening the comparison and selection, and several rounds of adjustment until the final construction. The design data left in this process has promoted our understanding of the architectural evolution of Beijing ancestral temple. However, the in-depth participation of officials such as Xia Yan shows their architectural engineering accomplishment, which fills the gap in the traditional cognition that there is no architect in ancient architectural design in China.

Brief introduction of the author

Li Weiwen, postdoctoral fellow, doctor of the Palace Museum. His research interests are Beijing urban history and architectural history of Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

WeChat official account’s pictures and texts have been abridged. Please refer to Journal of Architectural History, No.3, 2021 for a complete reading. All rights reserved, please indicate the source. The standard citation format of this article is as follows, please refer to it:

Li Weiwen. The whole process of the reconstruction plan of Beijing ancestral temple in Ming Jiajing Dynasty [J]. Journal of Architectural History, 2021,2 (3): 30-38.

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Original title: "Academic Scholar Li Weiwen: The whole story of the reconstruction plan of Beijing ancestral temple in Ming Jiajing Dynasty"

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　　The United States has again "black hand"

　　According to the reference news quoted by the US media, the US government decided on September 13 to substantially increase the import tariffs on China products, including a 100% tariff on electric vehicles.A 50% tariff will be imposed on China.Import tariffs will be increased by 50%.

　　The latest action of the United States has aroused complaints from many industries in the United States, saying that the price increase will disrupt the supply chain, including the supply chain of intensive products. One study after another shows that Americans bear almost all the costs of imposing tariffs on China products. Once importers pay the tariffs, they usually pass some or all of the costs on to consumers. Jason oxman, president of the Information Technology Industry Association of the United States, said, "Since its implementation, tariffs have caused cumulative losses to American enterprises and consumers of $221 billion. With today’s announcement, the Office of the US Trade Representative once again relies on blunt and ineffective tariff tools, and its effectiveness has no support. "

　　Recently, He Yongqian, spokesman of China’s Ministry of Commerce, said that the US 301 tariff on China was unpopular and urged the US to immediately cancel all tariffs on China.

　　The United States substantially raised tariffs on China products.

　　According to the reference news quoted on the website of VOA Radio on September 13th, the US government decided on the 13th to substantially raise the import tariffs on China products, including the tariff on electric vehicles by 100%, in order to strengthen the protection of strategic industries in the United States.

　　A press release from the Office of the United States Trade Representative says that some tariffs will take effect on September 27th. In addition to imposing a 100% tariff on electric vehicles in China, the United States will also impose a 50% tariff on China.25% tariff will be imposed on aluminum, electric vehicles and key minerals.

　　At the same time, the United States will increase China’s import tariff by 50%, and this new tax rate will take effect in January 2025. In the category of semiconductor, two categories of polysilicon and silicon wafer used in battery panels have been added.

　　He Yong, spokesman of China’s Ministry of Commerce, said on September 5th that the office of the US Trade Representative had solicited public comments on the results of the tariff review, and most of them opposed to increasing tariffs or applying for expanding the scope of tariff exemption, which showed that the US tariff 301 on China was unpopular and urged the US to immediately cancel all tariff increases on China.

　　He Yongqian said, "China has repeatedly made solemn representations to the US on the issue of tariff 301. The WTO has already ruled that tariff 301 violates WTO rules, and it is a mistake for the US to increase tariffs on China. We urge the US to correct its wrong practices, actively respond to voices from all walks of life and immediately cancel all tariffs on China. "

　　Earlier in May, the spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce made a statement on the results of the four-year review of the US tariff on China. On May 14, the US released the results of the four-year review of China’s tariff on China, announcing that it was based on the original tariff on China. Further improve the import of electric vehicles from China,Tariffs are imposed on photovoltaic cells, key minerals, semiconductors, steel and aluminum, port cranes, personal protective equipment and other products. China resolutely opposes and makes solemn representations.

　　Due to domestic political considerations, the United States abused the 301 tariff review procedure, further increased the 301 tariff imposed on some Chinese products, and politicized and instrumentalized economic and trade issues, which is a typical political manipulation. China expresses strong dissatisfaction with this. The WTO has already ruled that tariff 301 violates WTO rules. Instead of correcting it, the United States has gone its own way and made mistakes again and again.

　　The Ministry of Commerce said that the United States should immediately correct its wrong practices and cancel the tariff increase measures against China. China will take resolute measures to defend its own rights and interests.

　　The EU has also made small moves.

　　On September 12th, a spokesman for the European Commission said that the price commitment solutions submitted by the China Chamber of Commerce for Electromechanical Industry and all electric vehicle manufacturers in the EU’s anti-subsidy case failed to meet the requirements, and the European side intended to reject the relevant price commitment applications.

　　In this regard, on the evening of September 13th, the spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce answered a reporter’s question about the European Commission’s plan to reject the price commitment solution of the EU anti-subsidy case for electric vehicles submitted by the China industry, saying that China has taken note of the relevant statement of the European side. Ignoring the sincerity and efforts of the China industry, the European Commission proposed to reject the flexible solutions proposed by the China industry without in-depth communication. China is deeply disappointed.

　　On August 20th and September 9th, the European Commission twice released the final disclosure of the EU anti-subsidy case on electric vehicles, and still continued the wrong practice and awarded a high tax rate. China can’t agree and accept this, but it always upholds the greatest sincerity and strives to properly resolve the friction through dialogue and consultation.

　　On August 24th, the China industry put forward a price commitment solution within the time limit of the investigation procedure of this case, which fully considered the demands of the European side and showed maximum flexibility. China industry indicated that its price commitment proposal is completely compliant and enforceable, and all technical problems can be solved through consultation. It is understood that several EU member states have also shown great interest in price commitment solutions.

　　The European Commission’s rejection of the relevant plan without detailed evaluation has not only undermined the confidence of China’s industry in continuing cooperation, but also failed to meet the expectations of EU member States, and even failed to meet its public statement that it hopes to solve the case through dialogue.

　　On June 22nd, since China and the EU agreed to start the consultation on the countervailing case of electric vehicles in the EU, the working teams of the two sides have conducted more than ten rounds of intensive consultations. China has submitted tens of thousands of pages of facts and evidence to the European side, and also put forward flexible solutions, making great efforts.

　　However, on the one hand, the European side claimed to be willing to solve the problem through dialogue, on the other hand, it quickly and rashly rejected the Chinese proposal, and never gave any specific case, which did not show the sincerity of moving in the opposite direction at all. If the consultation fails to reach a consensus, the responsibility lies entirely with the European side.

　　The key to the current consultations lies in whether the European side really has the political will to solve the problem. China urges the European side to earnestly implement the important consensus reached at the tripartite meeting of leaders of China, France and Europe on properly handling economic and trade frictions through dialogue and consultation, show sincerity and actions, and seriously consider the legitimate concerns of the French industry.

　　China has both the greatest sincerity to properly resolve differences through dialogue and consultation and the greatest determination to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of China enterprises. China will pay close attention to the follow-up progress of the European side and will take all necessary measures to firmly defend the legitimate rights and interests of China enterprises.

Data Map of Liao Keduo, Political Commissar of Army in Eastern Theater

After the establishment of 13 newly adjusted group armies, the military battalion system was completely released. It is not only the reorganization of the organizational structure that is difficult for reform, but also the change of ideas, thinking and habits.

The "New Long March" can’t use the "old map"! Recently, Liao Keduo, the political commissar of the Army in the Eastern Theater, gave wonderful guidance on the implementation of the project to improve the ability of the brigade in the theoretical rotation training class for leading cadres in the Eastern Division. Among them, he broke five "stereotypes and bad habits", set up a new concept of keeping pace with the times, and directly attacked the ideological indulgence and conceptual shortcomings of the soldiers, calling on the officers and men in the Eastern Division to focus on fighting and promote the reform and strengthen the army.

These ice-breaking actions of thinking are like a long drought and showers, which makes officers and men unable to help but admire. Little friends can’t wait. Brother Frontline will take you to have a look.

★ Get rid of concept one

Don’t advocate regardless of what happened at home, and don’t recall cadres on vacation at will.

Regarding vacations, political commissar Liao’s words are simple, touching and warm to officers and men. He proposed that cadres and soldiers should be arranged to go back regardless of personal and family events such as officers and men, relatives dying in critical condition, family members having children, children taking the senior high school entrance examination and getting married, and so on. When officers and men are on vacation, unless there is a war or a major military action, they are not allowed to recall at will without special circumstances.

Do a good job and take a good vacation. Isn’t it better to put your heart and soul into your work after you have raised your spirit and adjusted your state?

However, once upon a time, it became a long-cherished and long-standing problem because of the needs of army building, management regulations and system requirements. Grassroots officers and men are looking forward to taking vacations, and they are even more afraid of being recalled in advance when they are on vacation; The leaders of the army have concerns and are embarrassed to take a vacation. It is not good to take the lead in taking a vacation.

It is necessary not only to be selfless, but also to pay attention to humanistic care, and to respect and safeguard the legitimate interests of officers and men. Political commissar Liao instructed that the "Notice on Issues Related to Visiting Relatives on Vacation for Servicemen" should be implemented. He said this: "Army leaders should take the lead in taking a vacation and set an example. Don’t feel that taking a vacation means that their mental state is not exciting, as if they have made some mistakes!"

Political commissar Liao doesn’t advocate ignoring what happened at home, but opposes promoting such cadres as typical ones. He praised the article "Do a good job and make a good wife" in the People’s Liberation Army Daily. He said: In fact, capable cadres should have successful careers, harmonious families and smart children.

Those comrades who have something to do at home and haven’t taken a vacation, let go of their ideological concerns, take a normal vacation and take a bold vacation!

★ Break the concept 2

Don’t let other standards "disturb" the fundamental and only standard of combat effectiveness.

Political commissar Liao said straight from the point that the standard of combat effectiveness is the only fundamental standard of the army. This should be said to be a common sense issue, which must be rigidly implemented and cannot be despised, squeezed or submerged.

But the ideal is full, and the action is skinny. In the past, it happened that even this common sense was "interfered" by some specious standards, such as safety standards, living standards, standards of being famous and registered, standards of being affirmed by superiors, standards of how many cadres were promoted, and so on, which led to the phenomenon of idling, turning in vain, wasting away and eating away, and gradually made the "steel rule" of combat effectiveness standards "soft".

The new concept advocated by Liao’s political commissar reminds us of the previous scenes: grasping the training order, stopping the equipment in a line, adjusting the gun barrel to a corner, shouting slogans in one tune, and training the movements in the same way, even pulling the box for combat readiness, all of them require to follow the queue; In the field training, the phenomenon of "camping" is even more "outrageous", and the officers and men are organized to wipe the ridges, lay stones and plant flags; When planning work tasks, the first thing that comes to mind is to achieve "several ones" and focus on how to write manuscripts, make boards and make films. These seem to have many achievements and highlights, but in essence many things deviate from the standard of combat effectiveness.

What makes people feel gratified is that a great wave of public opinion orientation, work orientation, employment orientation and policy orientation advocated by Liao’s political commissar focused on actual combat, which really hardened and consolidated the standard of combat effectiveness. In the past, old concepts and behaviors gradually drifted away in the Donglu army.

★ Break the concept three

The training ground resolutely abandons the negative safety concept of "paint on cars and skin on people"

Nothing is lost, nothing is lost.

"Safety goes wrong, everything is equal to zero".

Are you familiar with these slogans about the concept of security, troops leading troops? Political commissar Liao pointed directly at the crux of the problem. He stressed: to grasp actual combat training, we must vigorously correct the accumulated disadvantages of peace in preparing for war with a mentality of not fighting, change the negative safety concept of "cars don’t lose paint, people don’t lose skin" in the past, treat training accidents objectively, and guide all levels to really prepare for and practice training.

We used to have this phenomenon: we should have organized live-fire drills, but instead of being beautiful, safety first, we changed to indoor theoretical study; In order to prevent training accidents, high-risk courses and difficult training tasks are the "patents" of old drivers, and "novices" can only stand by as "spectators"; Some units had a little irresponsible accident, and all units stopped training …

Political commissar Liao pointed out that training is inherently a high-risk thing. It is impossible for a problem not to happen. The troops cannot stop to rectify when an accident occurs, and they must not artificially reduce the difficulty and risk for fear of an accident. This affects the construction of combat effectiveness. These phenomena that put security and stability from the bottom to the "first" position are the most intuitive manifestations of negative security at the expense of combat effectiveness.

As a "person in charge", you can’t let this sentence lack a "subject". The author understands that it is this positive security concept orientation established by the army in the eastern theater that rationally looks at the problems that occur in the training of troops, and truly "loosens the tie" for the brigade battalion chief and "unties the rope" for the improvement of combat effectiveness.

Well, did you get a shot in the arm?

★ Break the concept four

Don’t make rules outside the rules, don’t make rules outside the rules.

Grass-roots officers and soldiers understood the use of mobile phones and the driving of cadres. Political commissar Liao made these two things clear to everyone: the use of smart phones should not be blocked by layers, and the driving of cadres should not be simply banned.

In the past, the army often ridiculed that if "from top to bottom, layers of overweight, success at once", it would only bring "from bottom to top, layers of water injection, and it would be natural."

Although such a joke is somewhat exaggerated, it is not unreasonable. When some of our units implement the regulations of higher authorities, they are not original, but "adding materials" layer by layer, which leads to misery at the grassroots level.

Liao political commissar faced the problem directly and made the officers and men feel the same-

After the superior released the use of military smartphones, some still regarded smartphones as a "scourge", and did not handle what could be handled, and did not allow officers and men to use them normally, or even locked them in cabinets for centralized storage. Other smart functions have been blocked and become unintelligent "smart phones". The group that should master the means of informatization most can’t touch the products of informatization, which is caused by negative and conservative thoughts and incompatible with the requirements of the information age.

For the sake of safety, some units banned cadres from driving, which led to the friends mastering the skills of fighting, but losing the basic skills of daily life, which made many cadres feel embarrassed. Some cadres frankly said: when going home on vacation, either the wife drives or the old man drives, but the men at home can only stare blankly and worry.

Political commissar Liao also made it clear to us that cutting-edge things can be introduced into the army to better serve the army building and officers and men. What we can’t think of first is how to fortify, how to ban traffic jams, and how to block the door. We think less about positive effects and think more about negative effects, and we are struggling with advanced things, lacking confidence in leadership and management. We should stand in front of the times, face it bravely, strengthen education and guidance, do a good job in system standardization, pay attention to scientific management, and don’t let our policies become "fool" regulations and make cadres and soldiers feel uncomfortable.

★ Break the concept five

It is necessary to conduct downward pressure and prevent "micro-corruption" from having a market at the grassroots level.

At present, the anti-corruption work is in full swing. Grassroots officers and men support and praise the tigers that are far away from the horizon, but they hate the flies that are flying around in front of them, and they feel more directly about the micro-corruption that happens around them. It can be said that there are not many blood-sucking, and their harm is like tigers.

Political commissar Liao reminded everyone that it is necessary to put an end to "micro-corruption" at the grassroots level, beware of the phenomenon that "the beach is running out of water", and conduct pressure at all levels, from the beginning to the end.

Now, there is a new trend of "micro-corruption", which is worthy of vigilance. Have friends ever experienced such a pain: some accept WeChat red envelopes from subordinates, and some let people buy online goods without paying, and they are refurbished and infiltrated into the internet and sneaked into the ground.

In view of these problems, Liao’s political commissar has a clear-cut attitude, and "micro-corruption" is also a "great scourge". Grass-roots cadres should buckle their first button, be cautious, control themselves in private, resist temptation when no one is around, and guard the big festivals in detail, so as to make sure that they use their power in a well-regulated way, work in a colorful way, have affectionate and righteous exchanges, and live a well-regulated life. They should never go to places they shouldn’t go.

Political commissar Liao’s series of new ideas and concepts have completely broken the "pots and pans" of thinking on the way to reform and strengthen the army. Is it full of "earth smell" and full of positive energy, which makes your blood boil and make you hooked?

(The original title is "[Heavy] Liao Keduo, political commissar of the Eastern Theater Army, the new concept of" five breaks and five stands ",which won constant praise from officers and men")

Everyone has seen Xiaomi’s new car. Its name is YU7, which is one letter short of SU7. I was still a little confused about why I called this name. As a result, it was expected that the starting price of around 300,000 yuan would be smooth in an instant. It turned out that Xiaomi Yuqi was not aimed at Porsche this time, but at Tesla.

According to the available information, Xiaomi YU7 basically continues the style. The two cars are not exactly the same, but they are not bad. The front face with 99.99% similarity, from the front, is a fuller millet SU7. However, this is only limited to the front face. From the side to the tail, Xiaomi YU7 has gradually fine-tuned the details.

First of all, the most striking thing is the hub shape, which is changed from the original plum hub on Xiaomi SU7 to an ……emmm, which I personally think is really, really, really cheap. What can I say? It’s all right to call it hot wheels. If I choose a nickname, I can call it sports lottery hub directly. It doesn’t match the elegant texture of the whole car, just like Eddie Peng Yuyan’s figure. As a result, when I turned on the light, I found it was Song Xiaobao’s face. Of course, it’s just an analogy. The actual impact is not so great, but it means this.

Secondly, Xiaomi YU7 changed the straight air inlet hole at the fender of Xiaomi SU7 into a curved shape, and also adopted a hidden door handle shape with lower wind resistance and higher integration. Nothing to say, that is, reducing energy consumption and improving face value, praised. However, it should be noted that it is said that the hidden door handle of Xiaomi YU7 is not the mainstream automatic retractable door handle, but an inverted opening method similar to that of Toyota bZ3.

Finally, there is the tail that everyone cares about very much. Let’s not talk about Xiaomi SU7, just compare it with Ferrari, a "brother model". In fact, you will find that these two cars really have a lot in common. First, the design of hollow tail wing+inverted trapezoidal rear suspension window; Second, the rear fender is high and round, and it runs through the duck tail at the back; Third, the concave opening surrounded by the bottom; Therefore, in the end, an old saying was printed, that young people’s first millet YU7 should not be Ferrari Purosangue.

But let’s joke about it. Don’t really think that Xiaomi YU7 can really bring you the handling texture of Ferrari Purosangue. Obviously, from the first 45 angles of the two cars, the posture of Ferrari Purosangue will be much lower, so if everyone is controlling Xiaomi YU7, then it is recommended to put a correct attitude, not asking too much, just asking Xiaomi YU7 to be better and more fun than Model Y.

As for the interior of Xiaomi YU7, although there is no official information exposed now, I believe that everyone has not seen the spy photos exposed before. To sum up, family-style design, but with a remote screen. At present, the color matching that can be known will include "bone snail purple" and "red Dan orange" if there is no accident. And the configuration will be better than Model Y with a probability of 99.99%, including the next-generation Model Y that is still in the camouflage car stage.

So looking at the whole set, what do you think, brothers? Have you reached the standard in your heart? At present, Lei Jun himself revealed in Weibo that Xiaomi YU7 will not meet us so soon. If you want to buy it, you may have to wait until June or July in 2025 before it will be officially listed.

Anyway, I’ve thought about it. If I want to buy a car, the first thing I’ll do when I get it is to change my teeth for shock absorption, so that I can have Xiaomi and Purosangue at the same time.

　　"Dad, are you ready?" At the beginning of June, a series of copywriting appeared in an advertisement of a medical beauty client to warm up the newly launched "Double Eyelid Festival". This advertisement, which blew up the elevator, also caused widespread controversy because of the encouragement to young medical beauty practitioners implied by the word "Dad".

　　According to the analysis of the 2018 medical beauty industry white paper released by a medical beauty service platform, among every 100 medical beauty consumers in China, there are 19 "post-00", and the momentum of starting medical beauty consumption after 00 is stronger than that after 90. In 2019, the proportion of medical and beauty consumers under the age of 19 in China has reached 15.48%.

　　There are indications that the plastic surgery population is gradually becoming younger. Then, why did "after 00" choose cosmetic surgery early? What is the significance of plastic surgery for them? Is it necessary to have plastic surgery at a young age? Qianjiang evening news reporter conducted an investigation on this.

　　In plastic surgery, minors often appear accompanied by their parents.

　　Engaged in plastic surgery for four years, every winter and summer vacation, Liu Jun, a plastic surgeon in a 3A hospital in Hangzhou, will witness the peak of student gathering. "Almost every month, 60 or 70 students come for cosmetic surgery, accounting for 30%~40%."

　　"Most of them are high school graduates. Because they are about to enter the university, they hope to meet a new life and a new social circle with a better self." In recent years, the demand for medical beauty of high school graduates has been increasing year by year. Liu Jun understands their mentality, but from time to time he will meet several young medical beauticians who are at a loss.

　　"Campus Beauty" Trouble: Am I not very pretty?

　　The girl opposite talked about her various facial defects without thinking. But Liu Jun clearly saw that her face was white and beautiful, her skin was transparent and full, and her facial features were correct. He silently scored 95 points for the girl’s face value.

　　The girl’s name is Fangfang, 15 years old, and she is in Grade Three. She looks in the mirror frequently every day, makes "ugly" comments on herself distorted in her mind countless times, and consults medical beauty everywhere at any cost.

　　Finally, one summer, Fangfang, accompanied by her mother, sat in front of Liu Jun.

　　Liu Jun clearly saw that the girl’s eyes revealed a desire for change — — "My palate is leaning forward. Can I push it back?"

　　After entering the door, Fangfang’s mother just stood by without saying a word, smiling helplessly at Liu Jun.

　　"You are beautiful, there is no need to fix it." Liu Jun interrupted Fangfang’s words and directly denied her biased cognition of herself.

　　"You see, that’s what doctors say." At this time, the mother on the side spoke the first sentence, "I have been persuading for a long time before, but my daughter just doesn’t believe it."

　　In fact, because of her outstanding appearance, Fangfang, the "school flower", has always attracted much attention. But since entering junior high school, I heard someone say that another girl in other classes is more beautiful than herself. Fangfang has been dissatisfied with her appearance since then and started all kinds of strange behaviors.

　　"She is very demanding about her appearance and will constantly exaggerate her shortcomings. It is likely that there is a problem at the psychological level." After rejecting Fangfang’s plastic surgery idea, Liu Jun also made suggestions to the girl’s mother — — Pay attention to children’s psychological state.

　　A boy who visits the plastic surgery department once every three months

　　In the plastic surgery department where Liu Jun is located, Kobayashi, a boy under the age of 20, is also a frequent visitor. "Almost every quarter, he will come once, and the needs are different every time. In addition to me, many doctors also took care of him. "

　　Kobayashi is well-behaved, but he has been particularly concerned about his appearance since high school, and he can constantly find new defects. When he was still in high school, Kobayashi had a mandibular osteotomy in another hospital.

　　"Because of grinding, he has produced new dissatisfaction. Come to me for consultation six months after the operation. " Liu Jun said, "The boy’s mother also took great pains to greet me in advance alone, hoping that I would persuade her son."

　　Liu Jun successfully persuaded Xiaolin to go home, but half a year later, Xiaolin’s mother found the door again. "My son has been good for a while, but now he is entangled again."

　　Although Liu Jun repeatedly persuaded him not to have plastic surgery, Kobayashi always insisted on changing it, but he couldn’t tell the purpose and reason. "Because he paid too much attention to his appearance, he couldn’t concentrate on his studies. He only read until he graduated from high school." Liu Jun guessed that he might be psychologically hit by reasons such as lovelorn love. The best solution is not to find a plastic surgeon like Liu Jun..

　　"Go to the mental health department." In the face of young medical beauticians, Liu Jun often makes such suggestions.

　　Continue to write your own aesthetic mother on your children’s faces.

　　For cosmetic surgery, sometimes the young "post-00" will disagree with their families. "Some children really want to do it, and parents feel that it is unnecessary; There are also some children who have not yet formed aesthetics, but parents impose their own ideas on their children. "

　　"The child is still young, why do you want to cut her double eyelids?" Engaged in medical beauty for 28 years, Zhang Jufang, director of the medical beauty department of Hangzhou First People’s Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University, met such a small patient for the first time — — Xiao Min, a 13-year-old junior high school girl.

　　"I think her eyes are not good-looking, and girls should have a pair of beautiful big eyes." Xiao Min’s mother said.

　　Zhang Jufang looked at Mandy sitting next to her. She listened to the conversation between adults with a puzzled expression on her face. Xiaomin knows nothing about plastic surgery. She only knows, "Mom asked me to do it, and I will do it."

　　After hearing Xiaomin’s answer, Zhang Jufang refused the operation. "The child didn’t ask for it herself. This operation is meaningless to her. Parents can’t make decisions for their children with their own aesthetics. " She told Xiaomin’s mother that she should decide whether to make facial adjustment after Xiaomin became an adult and formed her own aesthetic view.

　　Liu Jun also met a similar mother and daughter.

　　"As soon as I entered the door, the girl’s mother eagerly told me that her daughter’s eyes were ugly and her nose was ugly … … It doesn’t look good anywhere. "

　　Liu Jun remembers that it was an ordinary-looking high school girl who did have some defects, but the girl herself didn’t care about her appearance. "This mother’s mentality is a bit abnormal and she insists on plastic surgery for her children."

　　Plastic surgeons suggest:

　　Minors should not choose medical beauty.

　　Children’s psychology needs more attention.

　　"One of the most important tasks of plastic surgery clinics is to screen people and understand their plastic surgery purposes clearly." Liu Jun said with emotion, "Some children, we look normal, but they may be distorted in his eyes. In fact, this is a mental disorder and a kind of psychological paranoia. Plastic surgery can’t cure their mental illness. "

　　For young medical beauticians, double eyelid cutting and rhinoplasty are the most popular cosmetic items. According to the data released by a medical beauty service platform, "post-00" has quickly taken over from "post-90" and become a big consumer of medical beauty in double eyelid surgery.

　　Zhang Jufang also disagreed with the "66 Double Eyelid Festival" launched for the medical beauty service platform. "This is a marketing tool that sells double eyelids as products." Zhang Jufang said that double eyelids are an operation, not an assembly line product, and cannot be mass-produced. "It is not advisable to set a double eyelid festival, carry out large-scale promotion and encourage everyone to do double eyelids."

　　"Choosing medical beauty for younger people, from a clinical point of view, we are mainly based on two considerations." Zhang Jufang said, "Some children have congenital defects, such as cleft lip and palate. Performing cosmetic surgery for children can help him build confidence from an early age; Others are to make up for children’s psychological trauma and eliminate inferiority complex. For example, some girls have black hair moles on their faces and are teased by classmates. "

　　For young medical beauty practitioners, Liu Jun suggested, "We should wait until adulthood and establish a mature aesthetic view before considering this matter."

　　Zhang Jufang also believes that "minors should not choose medical beauty, and parents can’t ask their children for plastic surgery for their own needs. College students need to establish correct values and aesthetics, and they can pursue beauty, but not blindly. If you really want plastic surgery, you should also go to a regular hospital or medical beauty institution to communicate directly with doctors and listen to professional advice. "

　　(Except for Zhang Jufang, the characters in the text are all pseudonyms.)

　　　　　　　　 Qianjiang evening news reporter Rong Zhang Chen Xi

　　CCTV News:Gao Fenglin, male, born in March 1962, Han nationality, party member of the Communist Party of China, is a special fusion welder and senior technician of Capital Aerospace Machinery Co., Ltd., the First Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.

　　Gao Fenglin has participated in a series of major aerospace projects, and the welded rocket engines account for nearly 40% of the total number of rocket engines. It has overcome the technical problems of Long March 5, and made outstanding contributions to the smooth implementation of national key projects such as Beidou navigation, Chang ‘e lunar exploration, manned space flight and the development of the new generation launch vehicle of Long March 5.

　　Honors won: second prize of national scientific and technological progress, national model worker, national May 1st Labor Medal, national moral model and most beautiful worker.

　　Gao Fenglin, male, born in 1962, Han nationality, party member of the Communist Party of China, is a special fusion welder and senior technician of Capital Aerospace Machinery Co., Ltd., the First Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. In his hands, the welding torch is a needle, and the arc light is a line. He pursues the welding light and welds a sky on the "golden thread" of the rocket engine. He is the special fusion welder of Capital Aerospace Machinery Co., Ltd., the First Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the team leader of the rocket engine welding workshop, and the national senior technician — — Gao Fenglin.

　　It is said that Gao Fenglin is a "golden hand welding", not only because early people called the welder trained by argon gas, which is more expensive than gold, "golden hand"; It is also because the object he is welding is very expensive, and it is an engine known as the "heart" of the rocket; But also because he has reached a height that ordinary people can’t reach in the field of rocket engine welding. "Golden Hand and Sky Welding" is a portrayal of Gao Fenglin’s superb skills and repeated difficulties in welding technology, and it is also the embodiment of the elegant demeanor of high-skilled aerospace workers in the new era.

　　First, I am determined to serve the country and practice welding skills in the aerospace industry.

　　Gao Fenglin, who just stepped out of school, entered the argon arc welding group of the rocket engine welding workshop with abundant talents, and studied skills with the first generation of argon arc welders in China. In order to practice basic skills, he used to use chopsticks to gesture welding and wire feeding when eating, used to hold a jar full of water to practice stability when drinking water, held an iron block to practice endurance when resting, and even braved the high temperature to observe the flow law of molten iron. Gradually, Gao Fenglin’s accumulated energy generate came out.

　　In the 1990s, the welding of the large nozzle of a new type of high thrust hydrogen-oxygen engine designed for China’s main rocket Changsanjia series launch vehicles once became a bottleneck in development. The length of all welds is nearly 900 meters, and the pipe wall is thinner than a piece of paper. If the welding torch stays for 0.1 second, the pipe may burn through or leak. Once burn through and leak occur, not only the large nozzle will be scrapped, but also the development progress and launch date of the rocket will be affected. Through continuous exploration, Gao Fenglin and his colleagues overcame two major difficulties, namely burning through and welding leakage, with superb skills. However, the X-ray inspection of the first welded large nozzle shows that there are more than 200 cracks in the weld, and the large nozzle will be sentenced to death. Undaunted, Gao Fenglin made an analysis and investigation from the aspects of material performance and structural characteristics of large nozzle. In the end, at the high-level technical analysis meeting, he boldly said in the questioning voice of many technical experts that it was a fake crack! After the cutting test, it is shown that his judgment is correct under the microscope of 200 times. In this regard, the first large nozzle was successfully sent to the test bench, and the successful application of this new type of large thrust engine greatly improved the carrying capacity of our rocket.

　　With more and more urgent and difficult jobs, Gao Fenglin has shouldered more and more burdens. In the welding research of a certain type of ejector, he made bold improvements, which solved the unsolved problems in the past year and a half and ensured the delivery of products with an output value of nearly 100 million. The launch system of a national submarine-based key model is in trouble near the critical moment of launch. Under the direct instruction of the model chief engineer, Gao Fenglin studied and adopted special techniques, and eliminated the fault overnight, thus ensuring the launch of this product as scheduled.

　　Second, the courage to innovate, self-breakthrough achievement expert workers

　　Gao Fenglin dared to try in his work, persisted in innovation and breakthrough, and turned countless "impossible" into "possible". The qualified rate of a certain engine component is only 35%. It takes half a year for the model to produce a large number of qualified products. This product is processed by soldering, while Gao Fenglin’s major is fusion welding, which is a cross-disciplinary research. Gao Fenglin understood the mechanism from the theoretical level and grasped the key from the technical level. He ran to the library, browsed professional and technical websites, and tried his best to search for relevant information at home and abroad. Every day, Gao Fenglin led the team members to conduct experiments in an operation room of more than 20 square meters, and conducted hundreds of experiments in two months, clarifying the genetic mechanism of the two materials, and repeatedly improving them from the aspects of environment, temperature and operation control. The final processing technology made the qualified rate of the product reach 90%.

　　The continuous success did not make Gao Fenglin feel high. Instead, he felt the value of knowledge more and more, and thought that operators should arm their minds with wisdom to better guide the practical operation. After leaving school for 8 years, Gao Fenglin re-entered the campus, picked up his textbooks and began his hard spare-time study for 4 years. During the day, he shuttled to the work site, training ground and classroom, and at night, he studied with two thick stacks of books until 3 or 4 o’clock. Due to excessive tension and fatigue, his hair fell off in handfuls when he was less than 30 years old. Everything comes to him who waits. Gao Fenglin first achieved good results in practice and theory in the technical competition, and soon got a college diploma that he had been looking forward to for many years. After that, he completed his study from undergraduate to graduate.

　　Not only can you do it, but you can also write it to guide others to do it. Gao Fenglin has been asking herself this way. In the butt welding of engine nozzle, which is very difficult to operate, Gao Fenglin studied the characteristics of the product and applied what he learned flexibly, and put forward the "anti-deformation compensation method" to control the deformation. Later, this process won the second prize of national scientific and technological progress; He also edited the first model engine welding technical operation manual and other industry specifications, and was appointed to participate in the formulation of relevant aerospace standards for many times. Through the process of self-study, practice, summary and re-practice, Gao Fenglin has gradually become an authoritative welding expert in China and an expert worker who combines profound theory with exquisite skills in everyone’s eyes.

　　In 2006, the antimatter detector project involving 16 countries and regions in the world was in trouble because of the manufacturing problem of low temperature superconducting magnets. The proposals put forward by two groups of international and domestic technical experts failed to pass the review of the international alliance led by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). At a loss, Professor Ding Zhaozhong, a Nobel Prize winner, inquired about Gao Fenglin and asked him to help. Gao Fenglin went to the site to conduct basic research and textual research. He pointed out: according to the traditional control method, the previous two schemes are impeccable, but there are great hidden dangers for this special structure. He stated his design scheme, which was finally recognized by NASA and the League of Nations. An expert commented on Gao Fenglin: "You have both profound theory and rich practical experience. You look at the problem from two dimensions. It seems that highly skilled talents are of great use!"

　　Third, be willing to give, and work hard to witness the ordinary greatness.

　　The particularity and risk of aerospace products determine that many problems must be solved under very difficult and dangerous conditions. Gao Fenglin is willing to devote himself to the front line of welding, working hard, facing up to difficulties at the most needed moment, and has made extraordinary achievements in his "ordinary" post.

　　In order to meet the launch of large-capacity and large-tonnage satellites, China has built the largest full-arrow vibration test tower in Asia, in which the welding of the vibration girder is the key, which belongs to the first-class weld, and the material used to make the vibration girder is very special and the welding is very difficult. In order to meet the welding requirements of vibrating girder, Gao Fenglin should operate continuously at high temperature. The surface temperature of the weldment reached several hundred degrees, and Gao Fenglin’s hands were baked dry, and a series of blisters were bulging. In order to finish the task on time and with good quality, he gritted his teeth and finally welded a qualified vibration beam. During the later manned spaceflight project, the vibrating girder was upgraded and tested. The results show that the welding quality of the girder is good, and the bearing capacity can be increased from 360 tons to 420 tons, which can continue to serve for the development of launch vehicles in China. The vibrating girder has stood the test of time, and Gao Fenglin’s hands are still scarred by severe burns.

　　During the development and production of Long March 5, the engine suddenly leaked from the inner wall during the launch pad test. Standing on the test bench facing the product, behind him is a mountain stream of tens of meters, and Gao Fenglin is fearless in times of crisis. Because of the special environment, the fault point can’t be observed, and the operating space is very narrow, Gao Fenglin managed to finish the "emergency rescue" by using superb skills and special techniques under the condition that he could barely fit into one arm.

　　Gao Fenglin has been rooted in the front line of aerospace and engaged in the welding of rocket engines. He has overcome more than 200 difficulties in major research projects of aerospace product engine models. He has also actively contributed his talents to fill technical gaps in titanium alloy bicycles, large vacuum furnaces, ultra-thin large bellows and other fields, creating value for the national economy. Foreign-funded enterprises have been hired with high salary and housing, and he is unmoved; Many times can be promoted, Gao Fenglin also gave up. He always believed that his roots were in the welding post.

　　Fourth, willing to educate people, preaching and teaching paved the way for peaches and plums.

　　It is not spring to outshine others. Apart from being a master of skills, Gao Fenglin also has a significant job, which is to continuously train more outstanding aerospace high-skilled talents like him.

　　In terms of technology inheritance, Gao Fenglin unreservedly passed on his accumulated rich experience to young people. He groped and summed up a set of methods for talent training and management. His advocacy of "mentoring by teachers" and "One Belt and One Belt" and his creation of "welding" education method have been widely recognized and applied in practice. It has cultivated five national technical experts and one central enterprise technical expert. He was invited by the Central Organization Department and Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China to have an exchange of "artisan spirit", participated in the "activities of artisans from big countries entering the campus" and "exhibition of innovative achievements of workers on both sides of the Taiwan Strait" of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, and actively promoted the spirit of model workers, labor spirit and craftsman spirit.

　　In 2005, Gao Fenglin’s team was jointly named "Gao Fenglin Team" by China National Defense Posts and Telecommunications Union and Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, becoming the first team named after a model worker in the First Aerospace Institute. As a demonstration base for team building, Gao Fenglin team has fully played a typical demonstration and radiation-driven role in producing models, achievements, talents and experiences. Teams and teams have teamed up with more than 30 teams inside and outside the space system to carry out various exchanges and cooperation. Through technical cooperation, more than 20 major scientific research topics such as aerospace engine welding and development have been solved. Received many training courses for national excellent team leaders of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, as well as visits and exchanges from nearly 200 brother units such as China Commercial Aircraft, China Electric Power Branch and Shougang Group. Under the leadership of Gao Fenglin, the team has successively won many honorary titles such as "National Worker Pioneer", National Learning Excellent Team, National Safety Production Demonstration Team and Central State-owned Enterprise Learning Red Flag Team "Benchmark" with its impressive performance. In 2011, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security awarded Team Gao Fenglin as a national skill master studio. In 2017, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions awarded Gao Fenglin Team as a national model model worker and craftsman talent innovation studio.

() The business review of the Board of Directors in 2021 is as follows:

　　I. The industry in which the company is located during the reporting period.

　　The company shall comply with the disclosure requirements of "Software and Information Technology Service Industry" in the Guidelines for Self-regulation of Listed Companies of Shenzhen Stock Exchange No.3-Disclosure of Industry Information.

　　1. China will accelerate the development of digitalization and create new advantages of digital economy.

　　From a macro perspective, the Outline of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan and the Long-term Goals in 2035 proposes to meet the digital age, activate the potential of data elements, promote the construction of a network power, accelerate the construction of a digital economy, a digital society and a digital government, and drive the changes in production methods, lifestyles and governance methods with digital transformation as a whole. Promote digital industrialization and industrial digitalization, promote the deep integration of digital economy and real economy, and build a digital industrial cluster with international competitiveness. Under the wave of digital economy, as the main body of the digital economy era, the digital transformation of enterprises is the only way. At the specific enterprise level, enterprises should accelerate the breakthrough of 5G, big data analysis, artificial intelligence and other technologies around practical application scenarios, build a safe and controllable digital transformation technology system, and make changes in digital talent training and government policy support. Premier Li Keqiang gave clear instructions in the Report on the Work of the State Council Government in 2021 to "accelerate the development of digitalization, promote the digital industrialization and industrial digital transformation, and improve the level of digital government construction". The company will seize the opportunity and use its own advantages to help customers in various industries digitally transform.

　　2. Industrial Internet

　　Industrial Internet has become the competitive focus of a new round of global technology and industrial revolution. The State Council, the CPC Central Committee, attaches great importance to the integration and development of next-generation information technologies such as Internet, big data and artificial intelligence with the real economy. In January 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Action Plan for Innovation and Development of Industrial Internet (2021-2023), which laid out the key work contents of industrial Internet in the next three years, representing that China’s industrial Internet industry has entered a new stage at a new height and started a new journey. According to GE’s forecast, the industrial Internet will affect 46% (about 32.3 trillion US dollars) of the global economy, and by 2030, the industrial Internet will bring about 15.3 trillion US dollars of GDP growth in the world, and at least about 3 trillion US dollars of GDP growth in China. According to the concept of 1% industry value-added put forward by Academician Wu Hequan, the leader of the State Council Internet of Things Leading Group, it is estimated that the early industrial Internet market space can bring 1% value-added to this industry, which means opening trillion market space. 5G is the starting point of the transformation from consumer Internet to industrial Internet, and industrial Internet is the most anticipated application field of 5G. 5G drives the development of industrial Internet, which accelerates the deployment of 5G commercial scale, and the integration of 5G and industrial Internet has a significant multiplier effect. Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, once pointed out that 5G applications will be distributed in a "two-eighth law", and 80% will be used in the industrial Internet. The enthusiasm of China’s industry to promote the integration and innovation of 5G and industrial Internet is constantly improving, "5G+ industrial Internet"Intranet construction and transformation covers a wide range of industries, and its application scope continues to extend to the core links of manufacturing, and the superposition multiplication effect and huge application potential are constantly released.

　　3. Big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence

　　Focusing on the development of digital economy, the Outline of the Tenth Five-Year Plan and Long-term Goals in 2035 further defines the development of seven key industries, such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things and industrial Internet. In 2025, the added value of core industries of digital economy will account for 10% of GDP. The word "big data" appeared 14 times in the draft of the planning, while the word "data" appeared more than 60 times. The new generation of information technology driven by big data is changing from "cutting-edge technology" to "important application", and its value is becoming more and more obvious. The provision form of big data technology has evolved from "product-oriented" to "service-oriented" five years ago. Solutions that provide a variety of underlying technologies and provide convenient services in all aspects of development and operation are increasingly becoming the mainstream choice for the big data supply side. As the main resource carried on the information infrastructure, data is the "blood" of the new infrastructure. Network, Internet of Things and data center are important infrastructures for the development of big data, and the development and construction of supercomputing center, industrial Internet and vehicle networking are also inseparable from the analysis and processing of data. The white paper on cloud computing development of China Information and Communication Research Institute shows that the scale of China’s cloud computing market will be about 178.1 billion yuan in 2020, and it will maintain rapid growth in the next few years. By 2025, the market scale will exceed 700 billion yuan. In the digital transformation of industry, digital infrastructure is the production tool and data is the means of production. Taking cloud computing as the core and integrating artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies can realize the transformation and upgrading of enterprise information technology software and hardware.Innovate application development and deployment tools, accelerate data circulation, collection, processing and value mining, and effectively improve application productivity.

　　4, the innovation industry accelerated.

　　Innovation is information technology application innovation (), which is the foundation of data security and network security, and also an important part of new infrastructure. For a long time, China’s dependence on non-domestic IT products is high, and the discourse power of the underlying architecture standards and the upper ecological construction is weak, which leads to a relatively passive situation. Xinchuang is a long-term solution for independent innovation, development and upgrading of China’s IT industry. On January 12, 2022, the "14 th Five-Year Plan" for Digital Economy Development was released. Among them, independent technology, infrastructure, industrial digitalization and digital industrialization, data security and governance are the core contents. The "Planning" points out that it is necessary to aim at important technical fields such as industrial software, high-end chips and operating systems, give play to the advantages of the new national system and the ultra-large-scale market, and fill in the shortcomings of key technologies. According to the data of "China Xinchuang Ecology in 2021" published by Haibi Research Institute, the actual scale of China Xinchuang ecological market is 161.7 billion yuan in 2020, and it is predicted that it will maintain rapid growth in the next five years, with a compound annual growth rate of 37.4%, and it will reach 800 billion yuan in 2025. With the successful demonstration in the field of party and government, Xinchuang industry has accelerated to eight key industries such as finance, telecommunications, energy, electric power, medical care, education, transportation and public utilities. Dongfang Guoxin has always insisted on independent research and development and innovation. At present, it has formed an independent and controllable technology and products in the whole industry chain, and will actively participate in the national innovation industry in the future.

　　5. "East Counting and West Counting" has been upgraded to the national strategic level.

　　As the base of digital economy, computing power is highly valued by the country. As an important starting point for new infrastructure to affect China’s macroeconomic development, and a major project to realize the "digital network" system in the national integrated big data center collaborative innovation system, big data centers will create a new engine for the development of digital economy. It shows that the country attaches great importance to digital construction. The strategic positioning of "counting from the east to the west" can be used to benchmark national projects such as "South-to-North Water Transfer Project" and "West-to-East Power Transmission Project", and the annual investment volume will reach several hundred billion yuan. The data center has a long industrial chain, large investment scale and strong driving effect. Through the construction of computing hub and data center cluster, the upstream and downstream investment of the industry will be strongly promoted, and the pulling effect on related industries will reach 1: 8. According to the deputy director of the Innovation-Driven Development Center of the National Development and Reform Commission, "East Counting and West Counting" can drive social investment to exceed 400 billion yuan every year, which is significantly higher than the new infrastructure policy in 2019 and 2020.

　　

　　II. Main businesses of the Company during the reporting period

　　(I) Introduction of the company’s main business

　　The company’s main business is to provide customers with enterprise-level big data, cloud computing, industrial Internet and other platforms, products, services and overall industry solutions. In terms of technical products, based on cutting-edge technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, industrial Internet, 5G and machine learning, it provides related technical products including data collection, data storage and calculation, data analysis and mining, data application, data governance and control, cloud basic services and application development platforms; In terms of industry solutions, based on the company’s many years of business experience, we provide solutions and technical services to customers in communication, finance, industry, government and public safety industries, helping customers to form high-quality data assets, explore the deep-seated value of data, and improve the utilization rate of IT resources and service capabilities, so as to obtain higher production efficiency and operational benefits and help enterprises to digitally transform.

　　(1) product line of database and big data open source system

　　Dongfang Guoxin has developed big data technology products with completely independent intellectual property rights, which are safe and controllable, covering CirroData high-performance distributed database, enterprise-level big data platform BEH, B-SCOP service capability open platform, real-time computing decision engine product B-RCDE, real-time transaction data acquisition product B-RTDA, B-Spider data collector and other products. These products have been widely and successfully applied in many industries.

　　(2) Industrial Internet product line

　　Cloudiip, the industrial Internet platform of Dongfang Guoxin, is completely independently developed and built by Dongfang Guoxin. While providing in-depth services to industries such as ironmaking, heating, electric power, energy, rail transit, automobile and machinery manufacturing, it also optimizes equipment management, R&D design, operation management, production execution, product life cycle management and supply chain collaboration for industrial fields such as asset management and energy management, and important equipment such as air compressors and industrial boilers, forming a platform covering R&D, production, management and service fields.

　　(3) Public cloud product line

　　Oriental Guoxin Cloud BONCLOUD is a cloud service platform based on the company’s advanced cloud computing technology and rich software products for many years, combined with high-quality data center resources, and on the basis of in-depth understanding of the business needs of the government, operators, the Internet and traditional enterprises in different scenarios. The platform provides safe and stable cloud computing resources such as flexible computing, storage, network and CDN.

　　(4) Data science and artificial intelligence product line

　　Facing the market demand, Dongfang Guoxin integrates products and technologies such as BI construction, interactive exploration, SPSS, artificial intelligence and deep learning, and develops 2B and 2C products based on the cloud platform architecture.

　　1 Turing Turbo Engine: This is a one-stop artificial intelligence platform and a complete enterprise-level AI solution for data scientists, data engineers and business analysts. The product is rich in SPSS native high-quality algorithms, integrating data connection, data exploration, feature engineering, algorithm implementation, model development, model release and management, providing a collaborative project space for teams and individuals, greatly improving work efficiency and helping enterprises to quickly realize the integration of AI and business.

　　② Turing Topia of Turing Federation: Turing Federation (turingtopia.com) is a data science community platform built by Dongfang Guoxin, which integrates competitions, data sets and models, and brings together various resources, tools, data and data engineers. In addition to the competition community, the company’s products include Turing Training, Turing Crowdsourcing, Turing Lab and Turing Cloud.

　　(5) Data tools and data application product lines

　　① Data governance platform BDG: Help customers to establish enterprise-level data centers, carry out big data governance from top to bottom, integrate enterprise data by using the basic capabilities provided by the data governance platform, realize unified control and refined management of data, and ensure the quality of data assets. Support () application, promote enterprise big data analysis, tap the potential value of data, and provide strong support for enterprise strategic decision-making, business system, risk management and control, etc.

　　② Data Cloud: Data Cloud can help enterprises to get rid of the dilemma of high overhead and low output of traditional system architecture in big data environment. By building an integrated platform for data production and service, the data supply system is reconstructed, and business innovation is driven by data to achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

　　③ Marketing Cloud: The marketing cloud is positioned to build a one-stop intelligent marketing management cloud platform that integrates omni-channel resources and is digitally driven, and realize the closed-loop process of intelligent marketing from customer insight, activity planning, marketing strategy matching, activity execution and effect evaluation. Help enterprises recommend the right products to target users in the right channels and at the right time, realize the data-driven target marketing model, and make marketing efficient, intelligent, simple and accurate.

　　④ Excellent Cloud: Integrating multi-domain data and relying on big data applications to provide managers with accurate and real-time human resources allocation and management around the strategic transformation of enterprises and the promotion of human resources value; Provide comprehensive, timely and personalized services for employees; It provides decision-making basis and means for the work of "breeding and keeping".

　　⑤ Data visualization products: Data visualization products cover typical big data display scenarios such as reports, ad hoc queries, online analytical processing, self-service analysis page building, and analysis application sharing, which help enterprise users to improve their data acquisition ability, decision support ability, personalized self-help ability and sharing and collaboration ability under the big data environment.

　　(6) geographic information system and video management product line

　　① City Intelligent Operation Center (IOC): Based on the core technology and platform of Dongfang Guoxin Big Data, the product supports the unified convergence and access of heterogeneous data such as city video, geographic information, three-dimensional data, Internet of Things, structured and unstructured government affairs, and "aggregates, analyzes, controls, applies and displays" the accessed six types of city data through the big data support platform, so as to realize the mining of the value of city data and the more refined management and display of the city.

　　② Urban intelligent video big data platform: adopting video image recognition engine and other technical frameworks to realize access integration, management analysis, mining, judgment and application display of urban video data. It can be applied to video surveillance, portrait recognition, vehicle recognition, event analysis, operation inspection and other systems.

　　After more than 20 years of deep cultivation in the fields of communication, finance, industry, government and public safety, Dongfang Guoxin has accumulated a large number of complete industry solutions covering data, products, platform applications and services.

　　(1) Communication field: The industrial products provided by the company in the main business fields of enterprise operation management, marketing, business decision-making and customer service for operators are business analysis system, precision marketing system, retention system, channel collaboration system, customer perception system, bad information governance analysis system, business support center system, intelligent human intelligence audit system, intelligent anti-fraud and other solutions, which have been widely used in the headquarters of the three major operators and provincial branches.

　　(2) Financial field: At present, the company has formed mobile Internet financial platform, financial big data platform, financial real-time decision-making platform, financial data governance platform, financial cloud computing platform, financial BI application platform, financial Internet core system, financial intelligent marketing platform, financial intelligent risk control platform, Ares technology development platform and other products and solutions in the financial industry, and successfully served nearly 300 banks and financial institutions.

　　(3) Industrial field: The key products provided by the company for the industrial field include:

　　① Industrial Internet Platform (Cloud IIP): As a cross-industry and cross-domain comprehensive industrial Internet platform, Cloud IIP’s core technologies and products are completely independently developed, safe and controllable, providing industrial users with an integrated solution of design, simulation, production, management and service in the whole life cycle.

　　② Energy management platform: The energy management platform uses technologies such as Internet of Things, communication and big data analysis to collect data of meters such as water, electricity and gas at the production site, data of sensors and intelligent gateways, and data of automatic control systems, so as to build a unified energy management and control center, realize energy data collection, analysis and feedback guidance, and help enterprises to save energy, reduce emissions and reduce consumption.

　　③ Ironmaking intelligent interconnection platform: It aims to realize the functions of monitoring, physical examination, benchmarking and online learning, consultation and analysis of blast furnaces in ironmaking enterprises. ④ Equipment Asset Management Platform (EAM): Build an asset life cycle management system based on big data analysis, smooth the relationship between investment, construction, use and scrapping in the process of asset management, establish and improve the supervision and management mechanism of assets, and realize "the accounts are consistent with the facts, the accounts are consistent with the certificates, and the accounts are consistent with the tables".

　　(5) and air compressor management platform, safety production management platform, etc.

　　(4) Government and public security field: The corporate government field mainly provides smart city overall solutions for the whole city, and also provides professional field solutions for all commissions and bureaus.

　　① Smart public security big data platform: with the public security brain as the core, actual combat as the guidance, and intelligence injection as the service model, it realizes keen perception and accurate early warning of various potential risks. Create a multi-functional integrated, multi-police linkage, multi-means convergence of synthetic operational command platform, and provide strong technical support for public security organs to investigate and solve cases, combat and prevent crimes.

　　② Smart Tourism Big Data Platform: By building a tourism big data support platform, three business platforms and n application systems, the balanced development of "smart tourism public service, smart tourism industry supervision and smart tourism format operation" can be realized.

　　③ Smart Transportation Big Data Platform: It is the application of big data, cloud computing and other information technologies in the field of transportation, building an all-weather smart city transportation operation monitoring network and security system, strengthening the intelligent real-time monitoring and emergency command ability covering the whole area of urban roads without blind spots, and improving the emergency handling ability and rapid response ability of urban transportation safety accidents and emergencies.

　　④ Related applications in the field of smart cities: In the field of smart cities, Dongfang Guoxin took the lead in proposing the concept of Urban Intelligent Operation Center (IOC). Dongfang Guoxin Urban Intelligent Operation Center is an integrated and comprehensive product that comprehensively uses modern information technologies such as cloud computing, big data and Internet of Things under the framework of smart cities, and realizes the upgrading and transformation of urban governance system based on urban big data, which can realize digital, networked and intelligent control of urban operation status. Realize accurate management, governance, service and dispatch of cities, evaluate the effect of urban construction, urban management efficiency and urban governance in real time and scientifically, and provide efficient and convenient personalized information services for enterprises and the public while improving government efficiency.

　　⑤ And the government application products of internet plus government affairs and social security big data platform.

　　

　　Third, the core competitiveness analysis

　　The company is a technology-driven big data high-tech enterprise, with a total R&D expenditure of 560 million yuan this year. Through continuous R&D investment, the company’s software product competitiveness and technical service capabilities for multiple industries have been further enhanced. Through a series of core technology research and development, Dongfang Guoxin has become a rare high-tech enterprise in the industry to build a strong technological competitive advantage by independent research and development. During the reporting period, the company’s core technicians and core technologies have not changed significantly, and the scale of core technicians has expanded, mainly due to the introduction of high-end technical talents in the fields of big data technology, big data industry applications, cloud computing, industrial Internet, artificial intelligence and 5G, which further enhanced the company’s technology research and development strength and innovation ability.

　　1. A complete and self-controlled industry-leading new generation IT technology system.

　　Dongfang Guoxin has been focusing on big data business for 20 years. After 20 years of independent research and development, it has now formed five completely autonomous and controllable technical systems with data computing technology as the core. The company’s products have successfully replaced IOE products in many fields and have the strength to replace foreign software manufacturers.

　　(1) Big data technology system: In the field of big data systems and tools technology, the company has the ability to provide data platform construction and operation and maintenance services for customers with a large amount of data. The big data systems, databases, tools and application software stacks involved are all developed by the company; It has the technical accumulation of multi-modal data collection, storage, calculation and service, and can provide various computing engine services for different application scenarios to meet the computing needs of different types and different aging data; It has enterprise-level data quality, data assets and data security management capabilities, and can realize multi-center data operation management across domains and computer rooms.

　　In the field of big data application technology, it provides O2O () integrated, automated and intelligent big data application system construction services for business-oriented enterprises. It can quickly realize the communication of business and data between the middle station and the background system; Standardize online business process formulation through software definition; Help enterprises get through multi-channel product sales and service contacts through data-driven concepts and technologies; Have the ability to develop online systems such as e-commerce platform and mobile APP application; Have the ability of location service, docking with third-party payment, QR code, etc. Have the ability to operate large-scale information mobile APP applications for end users.

　　(2) Artificial intelligence technology system: for telecom operators, finance, insurance, industry, scientific research institutions and other corporate customers, it provides a one-stop collaborative multi-tenant cloud platform for algorithm engineer, data development engineers and business personnel of data science and artificial intelligence, aiming at the problems of high difficulty, high cost and low efficiency, as well as the problems that models cannot be traced back, data cannot be connected, capabilities cannot be called on demand, and computing power cannot be managed in a unified way, so as to open up communication and collaboration among different types of work. Realize the low threshold and high quality development of deep learning model through automatic learning technology combined with low code mode; Improve the training efficiency of large-scale deep learning model by using key technologies of high performance communication protocol; Through the deep learning model compilation and clipping technology, the automatic adaptation of cloud-side heterogeneous computing power is realized, and the automatic collaboration between cloud intelligence and edge intelligence is opened up. It has the ability of video, image, text and voice artificial intelligence algorithm analysis and application system development and construction, and can be integrated with enterprise-level big data application system and use artificial intelligence to empower applications.

　　(3) Cloud computing technology system: provide public cloud, private cloud and hybrid cloud platform construction and operation and maintenance services for government departments and industry customers with big data management needs, and solve the cloud problems of application systems and big data. The company has the ability to build industry public cloud, enterprise private cloud and hybrid cloud; Relying on the self-built cloud computing data center, the standardized public cloud service products of IaaS, PaaS and SaaS are provided in an all-round way, and the network resources are connected to the national Internet backbone direct connection point in one jump, so as to gather and dredge the regional and even national inter-network communication traffic, which can provide high-quality network services for public cloud customers. It supports Bare Metal Server (BMS), provides a dedicated GPU physical server on the cloud, and supports an ARM-structured CPU server, providing abundant computing performance for key application systems, high-performance computing, AI and big data services. Help enterprises realize the rapid migration of application cloud; It is the first in China to realize the cloud heterogeneous data storage computing capability; It is the first in China to realize the ability to build cloud applications based on multi-tenants.

　　Use cloud native technology to enhance the company’s existing big data, artificial intelligence, industrial Internet and 5G communication software, and realize SaaS transformation of data-driven tools and applications on Oriental Guoxin Cloud; Incorporate DevOps concept and process management mode, provide a unified application assembly platform for developers, operators and operators, and simplify and automate application release, delivery and operation and maintenance management. Use the cloud link platform to monitor and analyze the health status of the above-mentioned platform software and applications, analyze and predict problems in a link way and give effective solutions.

　　(4) Industrial Internet technology system: Based on the innovative model of "Big Data+Industry", it integrates cutting-edge technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of Things, big data, mobile internet and artificial intelligence. The platform integrates the collection, access, calculation, storage, service, development and application of industrial data, closely focuses on the concept of creating value for customers, takes data as the basis, takes equipment control and process optimization as the core, and realizes mature solutions covering ironmaking, cement, electric power, energy, manufacturing and other industries, and also covers material formula optimization, production process management, equipment fault diagnosis, process optimization, product quality control and service.

　　(5)5G technology: Facing the strategic development needs of 5G+ industrial Internet, Dongfang Guoxin independently developed 5G small base stations, 5G core networks, 5G edge devices (intelligent gateways and robots) and MEC edge computing platforms. Provide industry customers with 5G private networks through 5G small base stations and 5G core networks, use 5G edge devices to collect sensor data and video data, and sink resources, calculations and applications to the edge of enterprises through MEC edge computing platform. Through the 5G network, 5G edge devices, MEC edge computing platform, combined with Guoxin’s industrial Internet platform Cloudiip, we can realize the collaborative integration of cloud edge networks and provide the overall solution of 5G+ industrial Internet based on the 5G industry private network.

　　2. Cross-industry mass data integration governance, processing and service capabilities

　　As an independent third-party data processing and processing professional company, Dongfang Guoxin Construction System processes 3 trillion pieces of data per day on average, helping customers to query 70 trillion pieces of data, and the maximum size of the big data platform nodes built exceeds 30,000, with real-time response time reaching millisecond level. Using the company’s self-developed data governance and service professional tool suite, as well as many years of modeling theory and experience of large-scale data warehouses, relying on the company’s CirroData cloud database system and big data technology system, we will build a "data cloud" platform product. Thus, a complete cross-industry and cross-domain big data comprehensive management capability, massive data processing capability and reliable processing efficiency have been formed, and PB-level data can also be handled with ease, realizing the realization path from big data technology to data value.

　　3. Empower the application ability of traditional industries with new technologies and new ideas.

　　(1) Closely integrate artificial intelligence with telecom operators, smart cities, finance and other business applications. Use machine learning algorithm to deeply analyze operational data, find business problems in time and adjust business strategies; The deep learning algorithm is used to strengthen the analysis of unstructured data by telecom operators, which greatly reduces the labor cost and improves the efficiency of telecom operators in IT, management, market, network and security. Combining artificial intelligence algorithms with urban scenes, urban life is safer and more convenient through video monitoring and identification technology.

　　(2) Deeply integrate the modeling ability of big data analysis and mining with various industries.

　　(3) Introduce the concept and technology of Low-code development into the field of industrial Internet.

　　(4) The problem of artificial intelligence scene fragmentation is solved by online and offline dual-platform mechanism. Dongfang Guoxin launched "Turing Federation" and "Turing Engine" in due course to realize artificial intelligence landing.

　　4. A variety of end-to-end solutions for big data in industries and fields.

　　The company continued to deepen on the basis of the communication big data platform, and launched a solution for the strategic planning of data center and AI center based on the two products of "Data Cloud" and "Turing Engine"; Digging deep into the value of data, and using artificial intelligence technology to empower customers’ business, a series of AI+ business solutions, such as AI+ business decision-making, precision marketing, customer service, and online transportation, have been formed to help operators continue to innovate and manage their traditional businesses, and improve the level of service refinement; In the financial and insurance fields, marketing cloud, customer insight, precision marketing, customer portrait and other systems have blossomed in an all-round way, successfully expanding a number of important customers, helping customers achieve digital transformation, achieving a double breakthrough in depth and breadth, and achieving a good reputation; In the field of civil aviation, using the company’s accumulated big data technology capabilities for many years, it successfully landed on the airport intelligent data platform and the civil aviation government information system to achieve breakthroughs in the civil aviation field; In the port field, dangerous goods management systems and port big data platforms have landed in many important ports in the country to help customers improve the level of big data and intelligence; In the field of smart cities, we continue to promote the implementation of IOC solutions, covering more than 20 key provinces, cities and regions across the country, and successfully built benchmark projects in North, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen; In the direction of digital government, it has obtained Huawei’s "Certified Service Solution Partner Preferred Level" (Preferred Level CSSP) and "Huawei Preferred Solution Partner" certification; A major breakthrough has been made in the field of public security, based on Dongfang Guoxin’s big data products and technical system.In terms of public security structured data processing and data application system, video big data and intelligent AI application system, operational command, public security management and "internet plus" policing, it has fully served the public security field "fighting, preventing, managing, controlling and serving", laying a solid foundation for Dongfang Guoxin to enter the public security field; Dongfang Guoxin Cloudiip Industrial Internet Platform has been selected as one of the top ten cross-industry and cross-domain industrial Internet platforms in China, and has built several regional industrial Internet platforms. In metallurgy, electric power, energy, ironmaking, automobile manufacturing, general equipment and other professional fields successfully landed.

　　5. Experience and ability accumulated in serving major customers in the industry all the year round.

　　Dongfang Guoxin has been deeply involved in the field of enterprise and government informatization for more than 20 years, and has a profound understanding and rich experience in the business forms, business needs and working modes of enterprises and government customers in various industries. The company takes the lead in realizing the strategic layout of big data+industry in the industry. Its business layout covers communication, finance, government, industry, agriculture, public safety and other fields, covering more than 50 countries and serving nearly 1,000 customers. The company serves more than 300 banks, and the share of mobile banking ranks first in China. In telecom, finance, government and other fields, customers have complex business, huge amount of data, numerous IT systems, and the trial and error cost of customer’s big data construction is very high, so the requirements for big data vendors are extremely strict. After more than 20 years of tempering of various large-scale information projects, Dongfang Guoxin has established a perfect three-level customer service system, which ensures the stable operation of customers’ projects in terms of personnel organization, project process control, technical support, standardization of codes and documents, and has set up a variety of service response methods, which can provide customers with remote technical support services, on-site technical support services, full-time technical teams, consulting services and other technical support services. Ensure efficient and high-quality delivery of customer projects. With the leading technology and solutions, the company has played an important role in the business development of customers, won the trust and recognition of customers, and established a long-term strategic cooperative relationship with customers.

　　6, the new intangible assets

　　By the end of the reporting period, the company (including subsidiaries) has obtained 990 software copyrights and 57 patents. During the reporting period, the company added 189 software copyrights and 12 patents.

　　7. By December 31st, 2021, the company had obtained the following important national and industrial qualifications:

　　(1) Oriental Guoxin

　　(2) Shanghai Yitong:

　　(3) yanhuang nova:

　　(4) Beike Yili:

　　(5) Xiamen Tupou:

　　(6) Block nodes:

　　(7) Dongyun Ruilian:

　　

　　Fourth, the main business analysis

　　1. Overview

　　During the reporting period, the company was determined to forge ahead, making steady progress in the traditional market and gaining good news in the new market under the environment of repeated epidemics, showing a strong development momentum. At present, the process of social digitalization is accelerating, and the company has further promoted the application of new technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, industrial Internet and 5G in the industry, and firmly helped customers to digitally transform. In 2021, the company achieved a total operating income of 2.47 billion yuan, an increase of 18.25% over the same period of last year; Realized an operating profit of 288 million yuan, a decrease of 9.73% over the same period of last year; The total profit was 293 million yuan, a decrease of 12.24% compared with the same period of last year; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 302 million yuan, an increase of 0.04% over the same period of last year; The net operating cash flow was 117 million yuan, a decrease of 73.05% compared with the same period of last year.

　　(A) innovation-driven development, brand influence and core competitiveness to further enhance.

　　1. Communication field

　　In China Unicom, the company closely followed Unicom’s comprehensive digital transformation strategy, helping to build the data center, public center and Tiangong system of China Unicom. Following closely the development direction of China Unicom’s business, based on the data center capability, the company fully participated in the IT support construction of Unicom Group’s major reforms such as data access to the cloud, small-scale reform, total customer value marketing, smart customer service and O-domain data base, helping China Unicom consolidate its data center capability, giving full play to the application value of big data, and helping enterprises to reform and develop. Successfully built Unicom Group’s 31-province data uploading project, total customer value marketing platform and O-domain data base.

　　China Unicom’s micro-Wotong project, developed by Beijing Yanhuang Xinxing, a subsidiary, faces the 1.2 billion flow pool of WeChat system and absorbs 100 million powder. Precipitate customer assets for operation, run through the whole process of various businesses, and enhance customer perception. At the same time, we will integrate the capabilities of all platforms of Latong Unicom, connect online and offline consistent experiences, and enhance the OMO system of public channels. Yanhuang Xinxing, as a new manufacturer of the Institute of Soft Research, won the honorary title of "Best Partner in 2021".

　　In (), focusing on the planning and requirements of China Telecom’s digital platform and digital operation, facing the actual management, marketing and service needs of the front line of business, the company continued to help and promote the digital transformation of China Telecom with the strategy of "platform+operation+service". In terms of digital application, the digitalization of marketing services has made substantial progress in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui and other provinces, further empowering data production; The integrated digital grid has gradually landed in Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi and other provinces, truly empowering the front line and empowering the digital management and operation of the whole enterprise; Other intelligent manpower, auditing, finance, risk control and other aspects based on M domain are also continuing to be intensively cultivated; Relevant technologies, scenarios and applications have begun to precipitate in O-domain-oriented data acquisition and analysis processing, empowerment management and marketing, and empowerment customer experience, laying the foundation for the next comprehensive empowerment. In terms of data operation, the terminal rights operation at the telecom group level was fully supported by Dongfang Guoxin, forming the company’s own data operation capability, and Liaoning Telecom also successfully signed the first cooperative operation order of the province.

　　In (), under the background of China Mobile’s digital transformation and domestic substitution, the company followed the strategic planning of China Mobile’s big data domain, accelerated the layout of the headquarters-level centralized big data platform and the project construction in related fields, and further stabilized the position of China Mobile as a core supplier in the field of big data construction. The company continues to build big data+and AI+ ecological projects, extending the data center capability to business applications, and accelerating the transformation process of traditional business applications. Relying on the base and capabilities of the data center, we have built professional warehouses for traditional business applications, especially in the fields of customer service, risk prevention and control, and internal audit. At the same time, combined with the empowerment of AI+ business scenario mode, we have achieved breakthrough results in related businesses and quickly formed scale advantages. With the acceleration of domestic substitution process, products such as BEH, stream development and processing engine, data collection and analysis platform and data development and governance platform developed by Dongfang Guoxin were successfully listed in China Mobile’s IT direct acquisition catalogue, while CirroData database, a self-developed core product, was listed in China Mobile’s information innovation product catalogue. The company will realize the dual-track development of customized service and product service in China mobile market, and continuously enhance the position of Dongfang Guoxin in China mobile market through the dual-track drive of business and product scale.

　　2. Financial field

　　During the reporting period, the company has formed core products and solutions such as financial big data system, big data application system, financial cloud computing system, financial artificial intelligence system, mobile internet system and internet financial system in the financial industry, and successfully served nearly 300 banks and other financial institutions. The company has successfully cooperated with many banks and financial institutions in distributed database, data lake, data middle platform, business middle platform, Internet middle platform, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, mobile internet, and innovation ecology, showing the company’s business expansion ability and overall strategic layout in the financial field.

　　At present, China’s domestic database market is very active. CirroData, a distributed cloud database independently developed by the company, has solidly promoted technology research and innovation, iteratively optimized product solutions, and actively built the industrial ecology of Xinchuang, and has made remarkable achievements in the financial industry, industry migration and application, and ecosystem construction. At present, it has cooperated with a number of policy banks, national joint-stock commercial banks, city commercial banks and other financial customers. During the reporting period, the number of new CirroData deployment nodes doubled. At the same time, the company is committed to the market expansion of the securities industry, and has achieved good cooperation with financial institutions such as enterprises under the China Securities Regulatory Commission and CSI in the field of distributed databases and big data.

　　In the field of financial big data, in addition to distributed databases, the company has also continuously cultivated core products and solutions such as big data platform, big data warehouse, data lake, lake warehouse integration and data center platform. In 2021, the company and domestic head city commercial banks have achieved innovative cooperation in the field of data lake and lake warehouse integration, setting an industry benchmark; In the field of big data applications, based on the core product marketing cloud and sales cloud, the company has successively built marketing business middle platforms for a number of head commercial banks, which serve as the "new engine" for financial institutions’ profit growth, enabling digital marketing and intelligent operation. At the same time, the company has successively launched marketing cloud and sold cloud products for credit card centers of two national joint-stock commercial banks, and vigorously developed the credit card market. It is expected that in 2022, it will be able to achieve strategic cooperation with more credit card centers of commercial banks; In the field of mobile internet, the company continued to maintain its market advantage, and the cumulative number of cases ranked first in the country. During the reporting period, it achieved in-depth cooperation with the largest trust company in China on customer apps and mobile development platforms, creating a benchmark project for the subsequent expansion of the trust market; In the field of Internet finance, the company has achieved strategic cooperation with a large city commercial bank, completed the reconstruction of its original online banking system and built the Internet middle platform capability, creating an application platform integrating intelligent operation and customer ecology, which not only brings new user experience to end users, but also is an important layout for bank customers on the road of digital transformation; In the fields of cloud computing and artificial intelligence, the company continues to be committed to combining core products with financial scenarios.In the financial leasing industry, the application case of "Oriental Guoxin Public Cloud" was launched for the first time, and the artificial intelligence product Turing Engine was also used in many financial institutions. I believe that in the future, we will provide the best services for more financial institutions in the fields of cloud computing and artificial intelligence.

　　During the reporting period, the sales revenue of Shanghai Yitong Information, a subsidiary, was about 468 million, a year-on-year increase of 22.2%. The net profit was about 57,393,000, a year-on-year increase of 3.0%. Yitong Information continues to maintain technological and business innovation, and based on the traditional mobile marketing and mobile exhibition industry, it builds a unified App portal for all employees of the Bank, helping the bank to carry out digital operation transformation, and landing business and applications with projects such as Bohai Bank’s "Pocket Bohai" and Beibu Gulf Bank’s "Digital Work Platform"; Further expand and deepen the development of enterprise online banking and its App application to Internet and enterprise eco-banking, and at the same time integrate traditional enterprise finance to provide enterprises with all-round financial services, scene services and ecological services, and successfully landed in Zhejiang Rural Credit Cooperative’s "enterprise interconnection" and other projects; Actively respond to the rural revitalization strategy put forward by the 19th National Congress, cooperate with banks to combine rural industrial finance, inclusive finance, rural government affairs and other practices, and help the development and construction of digital villages’ App. The applications cover rural governance, urban-rural integration, neighboring mutual assistance, agricultural product revitalization, credit construction, convenient living and other specific applications of inclusive finance; Promote and popularize the construction of small program ecological development platform based on Ares technology platform, provide small program development technology platform for banks under the premise of "standardization, standardization and componentization", and realize "one-end development and multi-end deployment" to WeChat applet, Alipay applet, Tik Tok applet and Ares applet platforms, so that banks can integrate more business innovations and services by providing an open ecosystem of small program matrix.Build and enrich the financial ecology; The existing businesses and products such as "CRM+" and marketing platform, which are widely praised and promoted by banks, are still remarkable business highlights of the company in the past year.

　　During the reporting period, the company continued to explore new business value in the insurance industry, and expanded the breadth and depth of insurance business: precipitated high-reuse solutions and products such as data center and CRM, and quickly implemented them in small and medium-sized life insurance and property insurance companies with high quality, and continued to promote the construction and application of three products, namely data center, business center and business front desk, to help the digital transformation of insurance enterprises. In 2021, the company advanced into the fields of insurance data center, CRM, core system, etc., and achieved key market breakthroughs. Won the Hengan Standard Life Data Center Project for the first time, and built a data center integrating data layered construction, data governance and data service, so as to export "fast, accurate, comprehensive and intelligent" data service capabilities for insurance companies; Then win the CRM system project of Everbright Life Insurance, build a CRM intelligent system with systematic labeling, standardized service and application platform, and realize insurance technology empowerment and data empowerment; Third, win the China Xinbao trade insurance core system project, build a new generation of trade insurance core business system, support the whole process operation of trade insurance business, and gradually implement the digitalization of core business processes.

　　China’s financial industry Xinchuang has entered the stage of high-quality and all-round development, and the market space is huge. As the fastest-growing innovation field in the industry, finance has entered a period of rapid growth, and the demand for the field has been continuously released and verified by the industry. As the pillar of the financial industry, the banking industry is also the "vanguard" of financial innovation. In the field of financial innovation, the company has been committed to the construction and improvement of the innovation ecosystem, and has invested heavily in the R&D resources of innovation in the fields of databases, application software and cloud services. With a mission, Dongfang Guoxin continues its independent research and development and deep cultivation in the industry, facing more users and exerting greater value.

　　3. Industrial field

　　(1)Cloudiip platform technology and support service capabilities continue to improve.

　　In the selection of the national cross-industry and cross-domain industrial Internet platform of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in 2021, the Cloudiip platform of Dongfang Guoxin continued to maintain its leading position, and Dongfang Guoxin has maintained the forefront of the national industrial Internet dual-span platform for many years. During the reporting period, the Cloudiip platform further strengthened the four capabilities of platform foundation, application, ecology and industrial integration, continuously upgraded the platform supply capacity, and quickly and iteratively integrated the latest technical tools to support flexible data analysis, model construction, micro-service and APP design, etc., and the intelligent development capability of Cloudiip was greatly improved.

　　(2) The release of "peak carbon dioxide emissions Carbon Neutralization" management platform.

　　One of the key problems solved by the company’s industrial system products is to reduce energy consumption and improve energy utilization efficiency, which is highly consistent with the national double-carbon strategic goal. Especially in the process industries with high energy consumption such as electricity, coal and cement, Dongfang Guoxin has accumulated a large number of mechanism models, data models, expert models and monitoring platform products, providing effective help for enterprise production control and early warning. In 2021, Dongfang Guoxin’s energy consumption edge monitoring equipment will be applied in many provinces, cities and industries. On July 11th, 2021, the company and Chongyang Financial Research Institute of Renmin University of China jointly released the world’s first "peak carbon dioxide emissions Carbon Neutralization" intelligent monitoring and management platform. Based on the top-level design advantages of think tanks, the "Double Carbon" regulatory platform builds 12 specialized and refined regulatory indexes, including total carbon emissions, carbon sinks, peak carbon dioxide emissions achievement rate, carbon neutrality achievement rate and carbon intensity, so as to promote the modernization, transformation and upgrading of the "peak carbon dioxide emissions, carbon neutrality" governance system and governance capacity.

　　(3) New breakthroughs have been made in promoting industrial intelligence.

　　Dongfang Guoxin expert team combines professional theory and practical experience in the industry field with the company’s big data capabilities and industrial Internet platform to deeply expand the application in the industry field and help the digital transformation of enterprises. In 2021, Dongfang Guoxin achieved new breakthroughs in new energy, electric power, thermal power, cement, coal, heating and other industries.

　　In the field of new energy, Dongfang Guoxin can provide customers with overall new energy solutions, including: new energy data asset planning and governance system construction, new energy big data center construction, new energy specific scenario application prediction and deviation analysis, etc., and can quickly export five core solutions such as smart wind power, smart photovoltaic, comprehensive new energy, smart energy storage and smart energy service to customers, and form big data scenario application products such as health diagnosis, smart security, early warning of equipment and integrated analysis platform for distribution and transmission. Dongfang Guoxin and Huaneng Qingneng Institute signed a strategic cooperation agreement around "Research on New Energy Product System", and carried out in-depth cooperation with well-known domestic enterprises such as Hebei Electric Power Research Institute, Huaneng Clean Institute, Three Gorges New Energy and Jilin Electric Power Research Institute. Dongfang Guoxin participated in the construction of the comprehensive exhibition system of "Green Olympics and Low Carbon China" in Zhangjiakou, State Grid. Through the combination of static data and dynamic data and the linkage of real scene and virtual model, it showed the achievements of State Grid Hebei Company in the direction of renewable energy development and low carbon development, created a typical demonstration of source, network, Netherlands, storage and comprehensive management, and provided government departments with many application products such as energy supervision, energy planning, meteorological early warning and a "comprehensive window for green Olympics".

　　In the field of thermal power, Dongfang Guoxin has built a series of smart power plant solutions, including intelligent operation optimization, intelligent alarm, intelligent analysis and diagnosis of digital twins, intelligent safety management, intelligent equipment management, emergency command management, intelligent operation management, etc., which has realized the centralized monitoring, scene reproduction and unified supervision of subordinate thermal power enterprises on the group side, and helped the group to develop harmoniously in low-carbon environmental protection, innovation drive, quality benefit and safe production. Together with North China Electric Power Research Institute, Guoshen Group, Jiujiang Power Plant of National Energy Group, and Huanghua Port of National Energy Group, we have completed the development and optimization of 18 "equipment management" models. Through sinking the power plant by Electric Power Research Institute, we have optimized the operating conditions of power plant equipment, improved the equipment performance, and helped the power plant to save energy and reduce consumption.

　　In the field of cement, the construction project of comprehensive big data platform has been started, and the control and optimization application system of Dongfang Guoxin Cement has landed in leading enterprises in Tapai, Jinyu, Shanshui Cement and other industries. Construction of the development and application project of cement factory-level integrated management and control platform based on industrial internet architecture in Chengde Jinyu, laying a solid foundation for the replication and promotion of big data platform in cement industry; Through the platform construction of () Group and three regional factories, the two-level architecture model of Dongfang Guoxin’s comprehensive big data platform in the cement field has been enriched.

　　In the field of coal, comprehensive data monitoring and management products such as coal big data platform, monitoring and early warning, coal mine map, etc. and digital twin and automatic control system of roadheader working face have been successively launched, and customers in Bayangaole Coal Mine, Shuangxin Mining and other industries have landed. The platform empowers the working face equipment group to have the ability of independent perception, independent decision-making and automatic control operation, which can realize the real scene reproduction of tunneling working face and the autonomous navigation of tunneling main and auxiliary machines. Multi-machine coordinated control and remote centralized control of back-up equipment such as crusher and belt conveyor effectively improve the management level, production efficiency and safety guarantee ability of tunneling operation, realize intelligent reduction of staff and increase efficiency, and comprehensively promote the intelligent construction of coal mines.

　　In the field of coal chemical industry, the construction of information management system for chemical production in Xinjiang has been completed, and several functional modules developed have achieved good application results in enterprise production and management. The first intelligent management system for methanol synthesis catalyst jointly established with Xinjiang Chemical Industry has also been running stably, which has achieved remarkable results in improving catalyst health, reducing harm and optimizing performance, and has also made outstanding contributions in improving yield, reducing energy consumption and reducing carbon emissions.

　　(4)AI technology and industrial safety production are deeply integrated.

　　In 2021, Dongfang Guoxin AI visual identification project covers many fields such as energy, electric power, coal, wind power, chemical industry, etc. Five application scenarios of industrial visual identification are summarized and defined: intelligent inspection, on-site safety, industrial quality inspection, fault diagnosis, unattended coverage, intelligent inspection, equipment fault detection based on thermal imaging identification, X-ray flaw detection and quality inspection identification, personnel behavior safety management, equipment leakage, equipment condition monitoring and other industrial scenarios.

　　The edge product of "Industrial Visual Identification Management Platform Based on Multi-source Data Fusion" independently developed by Dongfang Guoxin allows customers to quickly access video data sources, algorithm binding, alarm rule setting and interface subscription, and realize self-built industrial visual identification applications. Dongfang Guoxin chemical industry artificial intelligence remote inspection solution has been selected into the list of outstanding cases of smart security solutions in 2021 selected by relevant industrial centers.

　　In the field of mining the value of industrial data, Dongfang Guoxin continuously obtains intermittent results by establishing OE industrial brain, integrating mechanism model, expert model, statistical model and big data model based on pre-parameters and process variables, and by means of data cleaning, dimensionality reduction, correlation analysis and supervised learning, providing effective online analysis means for production and operation, realizing comprehensive perception at any time, any place and any environment, so as to participate in control in advance and increase the yield. Using low-configuration edge computing front end, reliable support can be provided for the field through small samples. Support customized agile development, adjust applications according to on-site business scenarios, and quickly change parameter types and user interaction. The accuracy of the model is high, and the accuracy of the results is over 96% in the actual use process.

　　(5) internet plus industrial production safety, promote industrial intrinsic safety.

　　In 2021, based on the advantages of its own industrial Internet platform, Dongfang Guoxin built an industrial intrinsic safety platform through the integration of industrial data and algorithms. Based on production data and environmental data, it established a real hazard model through big data and AI algorithm, and reduced the dimensions of the spatial and temporal attributes of the real hazard model, and finally realized the quantitative safety assessment of the region and pushed the safety index. In the usual monitoring process, parameter monitoring is changed to state monitoring, which reduces the operation difficulty and management cost, increases the effective management scope, and can better serve the production plant. Even the administrative staff can quickly grasp the safety risk data through quantitative evaluation, which provides effective safety management tools for the group and government customers.

　　Dongfang Guoxin Intrinsic Safety Platform focuses on monitoring and prevention, and the monitoring area includes four states. In sub-health state, relevant early warning is carried out in advance to ensure production safety as much as possible, and industrial data, artificial intelligence and safety production are organically combined in the way of "monitoring in peacetime and commanding in wartime", which provides effective support for industrial safety and platform support for national digital industrialization.

　　4. Government and other fields

　　During the reporting period, the company maintained sustained growth in the direction of city brain (IOC) and government big data, and added projects such as Changyi smart city and smart community. The company actively landed and expanded the direction of smart culture and art, achieved excellent results in the information integration project of communist party Historical Exhibition Hall in China, and won the first prize of the first new smart city innovation and application competition. In the field of foreign cooperation, we will continue to expand business cooperation with Huawei and other partners in the field of smart cities, and actively expand cooperation in the field of smart rail transit. The company actively responded to the requirements of the state on the digital transformation of state-owned enterprises, reached a strategic cooperation agreement with Beijing Safe Housing Center Co., Ltd., and provided integrated overall solution services.

　　During the reporting period, the company actively participated in the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" in the field of public safety, solidly promoted the research and development of public safety featured products and accumulated experience in featured fields, and successfully completed the transformation and application of platforms such as data governance, knowledge map and science cloud in the field of public safety; On the basis of successfully completing the customs risk management system, the new generation customs clearance management system, the big data pool resource management platform and the Anke project of the General Administration of Customs, the company continued to deepen the implementation of customs data governance and ETL and other related projects; The company signed the data governance and digital transformation application of Fenjiu Group and the technical service of sichuan-tibet railway data governance service, and used the company’s rich experience in the field of big data to help traditional enterprises effectively carry out information transformation and upgrading. The company has made steady progress in the transportation industry, built the foundation of Hebei Airport Group’s data center platform, service bus, passenger service and other capabilities, and formed an integrated airport big data platform solution and construction capability covering data collection, data storage, data calculation, data governance, data service and data application.

　　5. Public cloud domain

　　During the reporting period, Dongfang Guoxin Cloud entered the accelerated growth channel, especially the business in intelligent cloud grew rapidly. Dongfang Guoxin Cloud technology goes deep into operators, traditional industries and government service departments, helping thousands of industries to integrate innovation and improve efficiency. After more than a year of technical precipitation and market polishing, the company has continuously iterated over the public cloud and private cloud product systems, combined with the company’s layout in the data center field, to build the intelligent cloud ecosystem, and functional products such as cloudy management, cloud migration and cloud private line have been launched one after another, which has further strengthened the competitiveness of Dongfang Guoxin Cloud in the market and defined our strategic direction in the field of cloud computing. At the same time, with the development of Xinchuang industry and the demands of broad users, Dongfang Guoxin Cloud also supported the virtualization function of ARM architecture servers in 2021, and adapted more independent controllable software and hardware manufacturers, and launched a series of functions such as ARM chip virtual machine and bare metal in BoncStack private cloud products.

　　With the rise of hot concepts such as artificial intelligence and meta-universe, and with the help of the policy of "east counting and west computing", the market demand for computing power has also reached the climax of explosive growth. A large number of customers have an unprecedented strong demand for computing power in artificial intelligence, wisdom+fields, and so on. For this reason, the company has invested a lot of technical strength in the research and development of GPU virtualization, GPU transmission and other products. The year of 2021 is a year of rapid development of Dongfang Guoxin Cloud, and the company has obtained more qualifications in cloud security, trusted cloud, container cloud platform, research and development of soft works, etc. The company’s cloud business has also entered a period of accelerated growth, creating many benchmark cases in the military, industrial manufacturing, government and public security fields. At the same time, the continuous investment in technology has enabled Dongfang Guoxin Cloud to provide better protection and support for data-driven enterprises and help enterprises to transform digitally.

　　(2) Complete the non-public offering to enhance the company’s core competitiveness and profitability.

　　As a company with pure big data genes, Dongfang Guoxin’s layout of cloud computing and artificial intelligence comes down in one continuous line. Since its listing, the company has closely followed the development direction of the world’s most advanced technologies, conducted in-depth key research and development in the directions of big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and industrial Internet, and continuously incubated company-level core technologies and products, which has already taken the first-Mover advantage in these fields. The funds raised this time are used for the industrial Internet cloud intelligent platform, the 5G+ industrial Internet converged access and edge computing platform, and the Oriental Guoxin Cloud project, and the company’s working capital is appropriately supplemented. With the completion and promotion of the fundraising project, the company’s independent research and development capability will be further enhanced, the company’s technology and product industry application capability will be greatly improved, the company’s product, technology and solution capabilities in the fields of cloud services, 5G+ industrial Internet will be strengthened, business model innovation will be promoted, and stronger support will be provided for the company to consolidate its position in the industry and expand its market, thus improving its business scale and market space. Through this non-public offering, the company will enrich its capital strength, improve its ability to resist risks, fully consolidate its core competitiveness, further enhance its value, enhance its profitability and better repay all shareholders of listed companies.

　　(III) The company won many awards, and its brand reputation and influence continued to improve.

　　During the reporting period, the company and its subsidiaries won many honors. Including "2021 Beijing Software Core Competitiveness (Scale Enterprise)" evaluated by Beijing Software and Information Service Industry Association and "Top 100 Comprehensive Strength of Beijing Software and Information Service Industry" for five consecutive years, "2021 Digital Expo Leading Scientific and Technological Achievement Award" of China International Big Data Industry Expo, "Beijing First batch of" Invisible Champion "enterprises jointly issued by Beijing Economic and Information Bureau and Beijing Federation of Industry and Commerce, The Top 50 Big Data Enterprises in China in 2021 selected by China Big Data Alliance and other institutions, the TOP500 and TOP100 Leading Enterprises in China Xinchuang Industry in 2021 jointly released by Internet Weekly and eNet Research Institute, the Top 100 Pioneer List of Industrial Internet released by the judging panel of Industrial Internet World, and the Unicom Smart Service Project Center won the "Best Partner" award.

　　(4) Strengthen refined operations and continuously improve operational efficiency.

　　During the reporting period, the company continued to adopt the combination of budgeting and refined management, adhered to the management mode of paying equal attention to humanities, and constantly optimized the management process and internal control system. In terms of operation management, through continuous improvement and accumulation, the company’s operation management platform gradually plays a role. The company further strengthens the role of digital operation, and accurately analyzes each level and position with multi-dimensional portraits of sales, pre-sales and project implementation, providing a basis for the company’s awards, accurate assessment, avoiding blind waste, and further improving the company’s digital operation and digital assessment capabilities; In the formulation and assessment of the overall performance of the department, the full-cost cash flow accounting is carried out, the process tracking evaluation is strengthened, and the cost management is more comprehensive and accurate; In terms of employee performance and training, we will improve the technical certification system for initial, intermediate and advanced R&D products, and comprehensively enhance the vitality of employees and grassroots organizations.

V. Prospect of the Company’s Future Development

　　(A) the company’s development strategy

　　With the advent of the era of "digital economy and intelligent economy", data has become an important strategic resource of the country. In recent years, accelerating the construction of new infrastructure such as 5G, big data center, industrial Internet and artificial intelligence has become a major national development strategy. With the increasing support of "new infrastructure" policy, the development speed of the industry will be greatly improved. In 2020, the company formulated a strategic plan for the next five years: continue to focus on the fields of big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and industrial Internet, and deeply empower customers in various industries for digital transformation. The company will comprehensively promote the cloud-based strategy of Dongfang Guoxin, and provide cloud-based software and services for a large group of small and medium-sized enterprise users based on many big data, AI and other software products that have been deposited by head customers in large-scale industries for many years; Promote the independent packaging and sales of many outstanding technical products such as CirroData database, data science cloud platform, data governance platform BDG and enterprise big data platform BEH, and cultivate customers’ habit of paying separately for software products; The company will keep the focus and patience of strategic direction, constantly innovate actively, strengthen the technical moat of the company, and promote the ecological strategy of "product+platform+service" from the model with "project" as the core, bringing more economic benefits to the enterprise and creating greater social value at the same time.

　　(II) The Company’s business objectives and business development plan for 2022.

　　In 2022, the company adhered to the overall business idea of "integration, focus, deep cultivation and efficiency improvement", maintained strategic focus and determination, and continued to build the core competitiveness of Dongfang Guoxin in the laid-out areas, accumulating and grasping the market opportunities brought by the digital tide, enabling customers’ digital development and achieving steady growth of the company’s performance.

　　1. Strengthen business focus, and make business deeper, wider and stronger.

　　In 2022, the company will continue to focus on the research and development direction of big data, industrial Internet, 5G, cloud computing and artificial intelligence; Focus on communications, finance, industry, government and cloud services; Focus on industry customized development software and services, standardized products, and cloud application services. The company will deeply cultivate industry customers, technology research and development and customer needs. Focus on the existing market, create superior solutions and expand the leading edge of the industry; Break through technical barriers and rely on advanced technological advantages to break through the bottleneck of business development; Understand customer needs and solve customer pain points. Accelerate the sales of technology productization and cloudization, and further strengthen the effective integration of business, technology and solutions between parent and subsidiary companies; Strengthen the integration of the company’s R&D products and user experience. Strengthen publicity and sales, improve product sales and marketing systems, and accelerate the transformation and landing of research and development results.

　　2. The industrial Internet platform has been continuously upgraded to empower the digital transformation of the industrial economy.

　　In 2022, based on the Cloudiip platform, Dongfang Guoxin will integrate the new generation information technologies such as big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and 5G with the needs of industrial enterprises to build N functional general platforms such as machine vision, intrinsic safety and data value mining, which will continue to be promoted in N industrial fields such as electric power, cement, chemical industry, coal and ports, give play to the effectiveness of industrial Internet and deepen its influence.

　　As a double-span platform selected by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Cloudiip will further strengthen the support and operation of cloudization, continue to study and overcome the processing problems of industrial big data, improve the capabilities of industrial data collection, standardization, timeliness and data governance, and strengthen the research and development and pilot application of 5G private networks. In the direction of small and medium-sized enterprises, we will build cloud-based data collection and application services for small and medium-sized textile, motor, machine tool and other manufacturing factories, reduce the construction cost of enterprise platforms, promote the popularization of industrial Internet platforms, build ecological platforms, and strive to become an industrial Internet platform with international influence.

　　3. Cloudization business has clear strategic objectives and is ready to go.

　　In 2022, the important strategy of Oriental Guoxin Cloud is "based on cloud computing, focusing on important tracks with artificial intelligence as the starting point", and cloud +AI is closely integrated, and "integration of cloud and intelligence" has become the unique competitive advantage of Oriental Guoxin Cloud. It has developed into a technologically advanced AI production platform with integrated software and hardware. In addition, Dongfang Guoxin Cloud fully integrates core technologies and platforms such as voice, vision, knowledge map and intelligent operation and maintenance of root cause analysis, empowering new infrastructures in all walks of life and providing strong support for enterprise innovation.

　　4. Continuously improve operational efficiency and optimize talent management.

　　In terms of human resources, in order to activate organizational vitality, the long-term development of enterprises needs to continuously deliver fresh blood, and the company gives clear and specific indicators in terms of talent flow and reserve young cadres, and boldly promotes outstanding talents; In terms of company operation, in order to improve operational efficiency, we will further improve the management system and assessment system. Through the company’s operation management system, everyone and every penny can be reflected in the process, and the company’s operation mode can be moved forward to the project or project group level, with a single project or project group as the smallest operation unit, the management level can be shortened, so that the company’s resources can be tilted to the front line, which is convenient to meet customers’ needs quickly, thus realizing the improvement of the company’s overall operation efficiency. In terms of corporate culture construction, we will vigorously promote corporate culture, publicize the company’s policies and systems, and convey the company’s business ideas to every grassroots employee.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 27th

Speech at the press conference of the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum

(April 27, 2019, Beijing)

Chairman People’s Republic of China (PRC), Supreme Leader

　　On April 27th, the second "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation summit forum held a round-table summit in Yanqi Lake International Conference Center, and the top leader of president presided over the meeting and delivered an opening speech. After the conclusion of the roundtable summit, the top leaders met with Chinese and foreign journalists to introduce the roundtable summit of the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum and its main achievements. This is the supreme leader stepping into the press conference. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yao Dawei photo

Ladies and gentlemen,

Journalists and friends:

　　Hello everyone!

　　Welcome to the press conference of the second Belt and Road International Cooperation Summit Forum. The "One Belt, One Road" initiative has been widely concerned by media friends for more than five years. Since the opening of this summit forum, journalists and friends have continued to pay attention to and report on the summit forum, recorded all the wonderful moments, spread all kinds of good voices, and demonstrated the fruitful results of building the "Belt and Road" cooperation. On behalf of the government of China and the delegates from all over the world, I would like to thank the journalists for their support and hard work!

　　This is the second time that China has hosted the "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum. Compared with the first forum, this forum is larger in scale, richer in content, more participating countries and more fruitful. During the summit forum, we held an opening ceremony, held a high-level meeting, held 12 sub-forums and an entrepreneur conference, and representatives from all walks of life from more than 150 countries attended. Today, leaders from 38 countries and heads of the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund held a leaders’ round table summit here.

　　The theme of this summit forum is "Building the Belt and Road and Creating a Better Future". At the Roundtable Summit, leaders and heads of international organizations held in-depth discussions on topics such as "promoting connectivity, tapping new growth drivers", "strengthening policy docking, building closer partnership" and "promoting green and sustainable development, and implementing the UN Agenda 2030", which improved the concept of cooperation, clarified the key points of cooperation, strengthened the cooperation mechanism, and reached broad consensus on building the "Belt and Road" with high quality. These consensuses are reflected in the joint communique unanimously adopted by the Roundtable Summit, which will serve as a guide for international cooperation in building the Belt and Road Initiative in the future.

　　On April 27th, the second "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation summit forum held a round-table summit in Yanqi Lake International Conference Center, and the top leader of president presided over the meeting and delivered an opening speech. After the conclusion of the roundtable summit, the top leaders met with Chinese and foreign journalists to introduce the roundtable summit of the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum and its main achievements. Xinhua News Agency reporter Pang Xinglei photo

　　-We positively evaluated the progress and significance of the cooperation in building the "Belt and Road". We all believe that building the "Belt and Road" together is the road to common prosperity. Over the past five years since the "Belt and Road" was jointly established, especially since the first summit forum, with the joint efforts of all parties, the scope of policy communication has been continuously expanded, the level of facility connectivity has been improved day by day, economic and trade cooperation and investment cooperation have reached a new level, the financing capacity has been continuously enhanced, and people-to-people exchanges have become closer. The early harvest of the "One Belt, One Road" cooperation has opened up more space for economic growth of countries and the world, created a platform for strengthening international cooperation, and made new contributions to building a community of human destiny.

　　-We have enriched the cooperation concept of building the Belt and Road Initiative and unanimously reaffirmed our commitment to building the Belt and Road Initiative with high quality. We will adhere to the principle of consultation, joint construction and sharing, and all parties will negotiate on an equal footing, share responsibilities and benefit together. All interested countries are welcome to participate. We unanimously support open, clean and green development, oppose protectionism, and strive to build a clean and environmentally friendly Silk Road in the new era. We agree to practice the concept of high standards, benefiting people’s livelihood and sustainability, actively meet the generally accepted international rules and standards, adhere to the people-centered development thinking, and take the road of coordinated economic, social and environmental development. These consensuses have pointed out the direction for the development of the "One Belt, One Road" cooperation. Our common goal is to work together to make interconnection among countries more effective, economic growth stronger, international cooperation closer, and people’s lives better.

　　-We have made clear the key points of building the "Belt and Road" cooperation in the future and decided to strengthen all-round and multi-field cooperation. We will continue to promote connectivity on land, at sea, in the air and online, and build high-quality, sustainable, risk-resistant, reasonably priced and inclusive infrastructure. We will promote the construction of economic corridors, develop economic and trade industrial cooperation parks, continue to strengthen soft connectivity in markets, regulations and standards, and build digital infrastructure. Relevant cooperation projects will adhere to government guidance, enterprise main body and market operation, ensure sustainability, and create a fair and non-discriminatory business environment for investors from all countries. We will continue to broaden financing channels and reduce financing costs, and welcome multilateral and national financial institutions to participate in investment and financing cooperation. We also agreed to extensively carry out people-to-people exchanges with rich contents and various forms, and implement more people’s livelihood cooperation projects. We all support the "One Belt, One Road" cooperation, adhere to the development orientation, support the global development cause, especially the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, strive to achieve clean and low-carbon sustainable development, and help developing countries break the bottleneck of development and better integrate into the global value chain, industrial chain and supply chain and benefit from it.

　　On April 27th, the second "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation summit forum held a round-table summit in Yanqi Lake International Conference Center, and the top leader of president presided over the meeting and delivered an opening speech. After the conclusion of the roundtable summit, the top leaders met with Chinese and foreign journalists to introduce the roundtable summit of the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum and its main achievements. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng photo

　　-We unanimously support efforts to build a global interconnected partnership and strengthen cooperation mechanisms. To this end, we will deepen the docking of economic development initiatives and plans of countries and international organizations, strengthen bilateral and third-party market cooperation, build international logistics and trade corridors such as China-Europe trains and new land and sea passages, and help more countries improve their interconnection level. We have referred to the policy recommendations report of the Advisory Committee of the Summit Forum, and look forward to the Advisory Committee providing more intellectual support for building the "Belt and Road" cooperation and the development of the Summit Forum. We will adhere to multilateralism and promote the formation of a framework led by summit forums and supported by multi-bilateral cooperation in various fields, so that our cooperation can be guided by ideas, followed by actions and guaranteed by mechanisms. It is generally believed that the "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum is an important multilateral cooperation platform and supports the normalization of the summit forum.

　　-We all support strengthening pragmatic cooperation and achieving more tangible results. During the preparatory process and the holding period of this forum, all parties reached 283 pragmatic achievements, including signing intergovernmental cooperation agreements, carrying out pragmatic project cooperation, initiating the establishment of a multilateral dialogue and cooperation platform in professional fields, releasing the progress report on jointly building the "Belt and Road" and the policy recommendations report of the Advisory Committee of the Summit Forum. China, as the presidency, will issue a summary list of achievements. The entrepreneurs’ conference held during the forum attracted many business people to participate and signed a project cooperation agreement with a total amount of more than 64 billion US dollars. These achievements fully show that building the "Belt and Road" should be in line with the trend, win the hearts of the people, benefit people’s livelihood and benefit the world.

　　Yesterday, I announced a series of major reform and opening-up measures that China will take. It is generally believed that this is good news for China and the world, and will provide important opportunities for building the Belt and Road Initiative and world economic development.

　　This forum sent a clear signal to the outside world: the circle of friends building the "Belt and Road" is growing, there are more and more good partners, the quality of cooperation is getting higher and higher, and the development prospects are getting better and better. I have said many times that the initiative to jointly build the Belt and Road Initiative originated in China, and the opportunities and achievements belong to the world. Building the "Belt and Road" is a long-term project and a common cause of partners. China is willing to work with all parties to implement the consensus of this summit forum, draw the spirit of "meticulous painting", and jointly promote the "Belt and Road" cooperation to develop in depth, steadily and far-reaching, with high quality, and create a better future. I hope that media reporters and friends will continue to actively support the "One Belt, One Road" cooperation.

　　Thank you all.

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