About screening for diseases during pregnancy


 

For all diseases, whether pregnant or non-pregnant, the first strategies recommended by doctors are: early prediction, early detection, early prevention and early intervention. This is a common practice in health management, health promotion, disease prevention and disease control.

This unisex practice in Xian Yi, old and young, is best implemented in obstetrics, which is universal.Pregnancy check-up mode.

The mode of prenatal check-up during pregnancy originated in Britain. As early as 1929, the British Ministry of Health issued a memorandum recommending pregnant women to have regular prenatal check-ups. This systematic management mode of prenatal check-up was quickly accepted and popularized all over the world.

In the last century, this measure made a great contribution to the remarkable reduction of maternal mortality and perinatal mortality rate all over the world.

The main purpose of prenatal examination is screening for diseases during pregnancy.For those relatively common diseases that may have adverse effects on mothers and fetuses, screening is conducted in order to find risks, make early prediction, early prevention and intervention.

Screening for diseases during pregnancy is aimed at normal people.It is all pregnant women, not a few, who want to screen out people with problems in the normal population.

So don’t always question why everything is normal when you are pregnant. The doctor still has to prescribe all kinds of laboratory tests for you. You should be happy to find out that there is no problem. Don’t think it’s a waste of money. Do you want every penny to be spent, and every laboratory test can find out the problem?


 

(Source: Giphy)

If it is a high-risk population, screening is generally not needed, and diagnostic examination can be carried out directly.

Compared with screening, diagnostic examination methods are usually more complicated, more expensive and more likely to be invasive.

As for which diseases need screening, which diseases don’t need screening and which screening method to use, it needs comprehensive consideration.

Screening needs to balance screening efficiency, sensitivity, specificity, cost-benefit analysis, how much money to spend and how many people to screen before a patient can be diagnosed.

Therefore, you will see that different countries and regions will have different recommendations for the check-up items during the whole pregnancy. Some check-up items are more, while others are less, which is mainly a cost-effective choice.

The prenatal check-up during pregnancy is a model and pioneer of systematic and comprehensive disease screening for the whole population in the history of modern medicine. Many non-pregnant people learn the strategies of disease screening from the prenatal check-up.

At present, during the check-up, the commonly used screening for diseases during pregnancy includes:down syndrome screening,B-ultrasound screening for macromalformation,Preeclampsia screening,Premature birth screening,screening for gestational diabetes mellitus,Thyroid disease screening,Screening for sexually transmitted diseases,GBS screeningWait, I will take the most common Down’s screening as an example to make an introduction for everyone.

In the whole population, the incidence of Down syndrome is about 1/800-1,000. In order to improve the efficiency and reduce the risk, we usually adopt the combination of screening and invasive diagnosis.

That is to say,For a high-risk minorityWe do invasive amniocentesis and karyotype analysis directly.

For normal peopleFirst, we screen the mother’s peripheral blood. For pregnant women with high risk of screening, we do invasive amniocentesis and karyotype analysis.

There are two main screening methods now, one is the traditional and classic screening of maternal peripheral blood biochemical indicators, which is also called ".down syndrome screening",and the other is advanced screening, that is, non-invasive examination of fetal free DNA in maternal peripheral blood, also referred to as".noninvasive”。

Compared with the traditional "Down’s screening", the price of "non-invasive" will be higher, but the detection rate of Down’s syndrome will be higher, and the false positive rate and false negative rate will be lower, which can reduce more unnecessary amniocentesis.

The results of traditional "Down’s screening" will be divided into three categories: high, medium and low risk, or high and low risk. The cut-off value of high risk is usually set at 1/250, and the high risk will be recommended for amniocentesis.

Therefore, if you want to do screening, you need to know a lot of terms related to screening and the meaning behind these terms.

The following terms and meanings are related to Down’s Screening:

Background risk:The probability and risk of Down’s syndrome in the normal population is about 1/800-1,000.

Screening risks:When you do "Down’s Screening", the risk value may be low risk or high risk.

Residual risk:Even if the result of Down’s screening is low risk, it doesn’t mean that everything is fine, and there is still a relatively low risk, which is the so-called residual risk.

Invasive diagnostic risk:If it is a high risk, you will be advised to do amniocentesis. The risk of abortion caused by amniocentesis is about 1-2/1000, which is the additional risk brought by invasive diagnosis itself.

Game theory game theory:Doing "Down’s Screening" is actually betting on probability, that is, making a choice between the above probabilities and making a choice.

In the normal population, the incidence of Down syndrome is about 1/800-1,000. You can choose to do "Down screening" or not.

Some people think that this probability is very low, so they decide not to do it, but what if they win the prize?


 

(Source: Giphy)

If the result of "Down’s Screening" is that the risk is 1 in 200, the doctor suggests that you do amniocentesis, and the probability of miscarriage is 1-2 in 1,000, do you do it or not?

Which risk are you more afraid of?

Screening or not screening? Do you need an invasive diagnosis? This is betting on probability.

The correct and reasonable choice principle is to look at the high probability, and to consider the balance between income and risk. It is not only the probability that you gamble, but also whether you are willing and able to accept the consequences of gambling loss.

Gamble if you can afford to lose, even if the risk of 1/100 is not high. If you can’t afford to lose, don’t gamble, even if the risk of 1/1000 is too high, you have to be willing to gamble and lose.

With the continuous progress of technology, more and more diseases can be screened. Even for the same disease, more and more screening methods can be selected, and the screening methods are becoming more and more accurate.

Of course, you are facing more and more choices. Are you ready, students who love to struggle?

The commander of the Israeli navy is of China descent and has achieved extraordinary things.

  


  Israel’s new naval commander, Eli Marom


  The "first" in the army


  At the end of October, Israel’s new naval commander, Aili Maroum, officially took office. Unlike his predecessor, as well as officers of all arms such as the Israeli navy, Ali has a distinctive China silhouette, and his face, skin color and hair are quite "China-like", so that he looks like a China at first glance. It turns out that Ellie is of China descent. It is the first time in Israeli history that a person of China descent holds such a high military post.


  On October 8th, Ali Maroum was officially appointed. On the same day, Israeli Defense Minister Barak, Israeli Chief of Staff Askin Naz and others held an appointment ceremony for him. Barak admired Ali and had high hopes, because he was interested in David, the former naval commander. Ben? Basat’s performance in the Israel-Lebanon war was "extremely dissatisfied", and he always wanted to "take off" the admiral who had worked for four years, but he was constrained by the relations between all parties and did not do it easily. This time, Barak finally made a decision. He patted Ali on the shoulder and said, "Work hard, make up for the losses caused before, and rebuild the elegance and glory of the Israeli navy." Askin Naz also encouraged Ali: "It’s up to you now!"


  "Alternative" makes extraordinary achievements.


  The 52-year-old Aili’s grandfather is a native of China, and her grandmother moved to China from Russia. Aili’s father fled from Germany to China in World War II, met Aili’s mother and got married. Seven years after the establishment of Israel, the couple returned to Israel to settle down, and Ali was born here.


  Because Ellie’s oriental characteristics are obvious, she has been called "Chinese" since she was a child. This nickname comes from the English word "Chinese" (from China). From the time he was sensible, Ali realized that his appearance was "different", but he didn’t resent being called "Chiney". Even when introducing himself to strangers, he took the initiative to say "My name is Chiney". According to Ali’s classmates, he was always at the top of his class and had a strong personality. After joining the army, Ali’s strong personality became more prominent, which made him get promoted continuously. One of Aili’s colleagues said: "The fact that he looks different forced Chiney to constantly show people that he is better, so that he quickly became one of the best."


  Through hard work, Ali became the commander of Haifa naval base in northern Israel from a little-known naval engineer, and became the deputy commander of the navy. In addition, he has served as the Israeli military representative of the United States-Israel Joint Staff and the Israeli military attache in the United States.


  Be questioned for no reason because of one’s ancestry


  After Ali was appointed as the commander of the navy, it caused great repercussions in Israel’s domestic public opinion and people. On the same day, the Israeli media reported the incident with headlines such as "Israel has an China as the commander of the navy" and "the new commander of the navy comes from China", which was quite confusing, and some netizens who didn’t understand the situation even gave a puzzled exclamation. Many public opinions have expressed enough confidence in Ali’s ability to reorganize and strengthen the Israeli navy, but some people have questioned his appointment as commander of the Israeli navy, and some even point out that he is a quarter of China origin. (Global Times Global Network)


  


  


  Israeli navy "Saar-5" light frigate [data picture]


  


  


  Delivery ceremony of Israeli "Dolphin" class conventional submarine [data picture]


  Little information: Israeli navy


  Due to the persistent tense military and political situation in the Middle East, Israel has always attached great importance to the navy and developed it as an independent service for many years. By the beginning of 2003, the Israeli navy had a total of 65,000 people and more than 70 ships including submarines, making it an important maritime force along the Mediterranean coast.


  Organization


  The highest officer of the Israeli navy is the commander of the navy. Through his headquarters (located in Haifa), he exercises daily leadership over the naval forces: he is responsible for the naval combat readiness, development, organization of combat training and material and technical support, and is directly under the leadership of the Chief of Staff of the Israeli Armed Forces. The headquarters consists of six departments: combat department, training department, reconnaissance department, cadre department, communication department and logistics department. The organizational structure of the navy also includes several headquarters, namely, the naval combat force command, the missile force command, the submarine force command, the patrol force command, the coast guard command, the naval base and the naval berth command. ·


  All the ships of the Israeli navy are organized into two clusters: the Mediterranean cluster and the Red Sea cluster. The submarine sub-fleet, the light frigate sub-fleet and the missile boat sub-fleet are the main naval fleet.


  By the beginning of 2003, the Israeli navy’s combat formation consisted of four sub-fleets of combat ships (one submarine sub-fleet, one light frigate sub-fleet and two missile boats sub-fleet), six combat boat detachments (five escort boats and one missile boat and escort boat detachment), one base patrol squadron, two helicopter battalions, two independent naval battalions (Marine Battalion and Destruction Reconnaissance Battalion) and 12 coastal battery companies. At present, there are three Israeli naval bases, namely Haifa base, Ashdod base and Eilat base. In addition, it has several berths, such as Aka, Art Park Jung Su and Ashkelon. Except Haifa base, other ground facilities are located in the Mediterranean Sea.


  Existing equipment


  According to the latest information, the Israeli navy currently has six conventional submarines of Dolphin and Gaelic class, three light frigates (Saar-5 class), 20 missile boats (Saar-4 class and Saar-4.5 class) and 33 escort boats (Dabbour class, Super Debora class and Sheldag class). As an underwater killer of the Israeli navy, the Dolphin class submarine is equipped with 533mm and 650mm anti-submarine torpedo tubes and UGM—84C Saber-Harpoon anti-ship missile. According to western military analysts, the boat is also equipped with cruise missiles developed by Israel itself.


  In addition, the naval air force is equipped with three base patrol aircraft and 41 combat helicopters. The coastal artillery has 24 shore guns and 60 anti-aircraft guns with a caliber of more than 20 mm.


  In the event of war, the number of sub-fleets and formations of the Israeli navy will not change at the beginning, but the number of warships and combat boats can be increased by 21 after 30 days and nights. With various mobilization measures, the total number of Israeli navy will reach 115,000.


  Personnel training


  Israeli naval officers are usually trained by the Naval School in Haifa, which is attended by active naval sergeants and those who have successfully graduated from the maritime school in Akka. The training period is two years, and graduates will be awarded the rank of lieutenant. About 50 officers graduate from this school every year.


  The Naval Training Center in Haifa is also a place to train command cadres and engineering and technical cadres for the navy, mainly to train junior technicians working on ships. In addition, graduates from the merchant marine school in Tyre-Avev and Ashdod can also be enlisted in the navy.


  The training of middle-level officers in command and command positions is usually carried out in their own command colleges and military academies in NATO countries.


  Its campaign tactical training is carried out according to the plan of the General Staff of the Israeli Armed Forces. The main purpose of training is to teach and improve the skills of organizing the coordinated action of various arms of the navy. One of its contents is the "Reliable Mermaid" exercise jointly conducted with the US and Turkish navies. The exercise is held regularly in the eastern Mediterranean, with the aim of constantly improving the coordinated actions of the three navies in the process of coordinated search and rescue operations. When organizing the training of staff officers, they widely use computer equipment, including equipment that can simulate the combat operations of all parties and equipment that can improve the training level of commanders with reduced military input.


  Future development


  Within the framework of the "Army-2010" package to re-equip the national armed forces, Israeli leaders paid special attention to the modernization of the navy. The improvement of naval forces is carried out from the following aspects: new surface ships and submarines are added to the navy, equipped with modern weapons and technical weapons, and the modernization of various ships is realized. According to this plan, Israel will build six "Super-Debora" class escort boats and two "Sheldag" class escort boats. Among them, the first boat was put into service in the second half of 2003. Moreover, Israel’s Ministry of National Defense plans to buy another seven similar escort boats.


  At the same time, the Israeli navy is negotiating with the American shipbuilding company "ingels" for the purchase of four light frigates. If the negotiations go smoothly, the first batch of ships will be installed as navy in 2007. According to the analysis of international military analysts, it is very likely that the Israeli navy will be equipped with cruise missiles with a flight distance of about 200 kilometers. The missile was developed by a subsidiary of the Israeli aviation industry giant Konzern.


  According to the estimation of international military analysts, the new naval plan will further improve the combat capability of the Israeli navy and consolidate its dominant position in the navies of Arab Muslim countries in the Near and Middle East.

Editor: Cao Jin

The Central Meteorological Observatory needs to take corresponding preventive measures when two early warnings are issued simultaneously.

Blue warning of severe convective weather


  The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue warning of severe convective weather at 06: 00 on April 5:


  It is estimated that there will be short-term heavy precipitation in some areas of southern Anhui, northwestern Jiangxi, southeastern Hubei, northeastern and southwestern Hunan, southern Guizhou and northwestern Guangxi from 08: 00 on April 5 to 08: 00 on April 6. It is estimated that the hourly rainfall intensity can reach 30-50 mm, and the local area will reach more than 50 mm. There are hail or thunderstorms and strong winds in parts of southern Anhui, southeastern Hubei, northwestern Jiangxi, southern Hunan, south-central Guizhou and northwestern Guangxi.


  


  


    Defense guide:


    1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, prepare for short-term rainstorm prevention, lightning protection and gale prevention, and the meteorological department shall prepare for artificial hail suppression;


    2. Outdoor pedestrians and staff should reduce outdoor activities and pay attention to stay away from structures such as scaffolding billboards;


    3. Drive poultry and livestock into places with roofs, and close doors and windows to reinforce sheds;


    4. The water operations in relevant waters and passing ships shall take active measures such as returning to Hong Kong to avoid or detour navigation, pay attention to covering building materials at the construction site, and properly arrange outdoor items susceptible to heavy rain, wind and hail;


    5. Check the drainage system of cities, farmland and fish ponds, and prepare for drainage and defense against disasters such as mountain torrents, landslides and mudslides.  





  Typhoon blue warning


  The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a typhoon blue warning at 06: 00 on April 5:


  This year’s No.4 typhoon "Mesak" (English name: Maysak;; Name source: Cambodia; Meaning of the name: a tree) was formed in the Pacific Northwest on March 28th, strengthened to super typhoon level on March 31st, and then weakened continuously. Today (5th) at 5 o’clock in the morning, its center is located on the northwest Pacific Ocean about 270 kilometers north-east of Manila, Philippines, which is 16.0 degrees north latitude and 123.0 degrees east longitude. The maximum wind force near the center is 9 (tropical storm level, 23 m/s), the lowest pressure in the center is 988 hectopascals, and the radius of the 7-level wind circle is 50-200 kilometers.


  It is estimated that "Mesak" will move to the northwest at a speed of 20-25 kilometers per hour, and its intensity will gradually weaken. It will land in the coastal area of northeastern Luzon Island in the Philippines (8-9, 20-23 m/s), then pass through the northern part of Luzon Island, and will move into the northeastern South China Sea (7-8, 16-20 m/s) around the evening of the 5th.


  From 08: 00 on the 5th to 08: 00 on the 6th, there will be strong winds of magnitude 7-8 in bashi channel and the northeastern part of the South China Sea, with gusts of magnitude 9 in some sea areas.


  


  


  Defense guide:


  1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in typhoon prevention and emergency rescue;


  2. Take active measures for water operations and passing ships in relevant waters, strengthen port facilities, and prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision.


  (Editor: Su Jessie)

Seven experts called for paying attention to supporting the development of rice oil industry and improving the self-sufficiency rate of edible oil in China

  Harbin, China Economic Net, July 6 (Reporter Wu Xuan) One of the reasons that have restricted the development of rice oil in China for many years is that rice bran is easy to rancidity and difficult to preserve. Now this technical bottleneck has made a new breakthrough. Yihai Kerry, the parent company of Arowana, has created a brand-new rice oil production model of decentralized preservation, centralized collection and centralized refining. "The remaining problem now is to study the policies and measures to support the development of rice bran oil industry." Wang Ruiyuan, chief expert of China Cereals and Oils Association and president of the Oil Branch of China Cereals and Oils Association, called on the "Seminar on the Integrated Development of Rice Circular Economy Industry Chain and Rice Oil Industry" held in Harbin on July 6, hoping that the state would pay more attention to the rice oil industry and give support in policies, funds and taxes, so as to accelerate the development of rice oil industry and improve the self-sufficiency rate of edible oil in China. Experts attending the meeting actively put forward suggestions and suggestions on exploring a new model of rice circular economy industrial chain, strengthening the implementation of China’s rice oil series standards, and improving rice oil production technology.

  Rice oil, with its balanced nutritional proportion, has the reputation of "golden rice" and is a healthy edible oil recommended by the World Health Organization. In Japan, a big rice producer, the utilization rate of rice bran is nearly 100%. Rice oil has become the designated oil for nutritious lunches of primary and secondary school students in Japan. The production of rice oil in China began in the 1950s, and in the 1970s and 1980s, the work of increasing oil production, represented by the promotion of rice bran and corn germ oil extraction, was carried out nationwide, with remarkable results. However, due to various reasons, the utilization rate of rice bran in China is less than 20%. Most rice bran is used as feed, or even discarded as waste, which is a sad waste of resources. The data shows that the self-sufficiency rate of edible oil in China in 2015-2016 was 32.3%.

  Experts believe that as the largest country in rice production and consumption, the nutritional value and resource benefit of rice bran by-products in China have not been fully exerted. If the rice bran, a by-product of rice with an annual output of 200 million tons in China, is used to extract oil, it is equivalent to about 13 million tons of soybean oil, which is equivalent to saving 110 million mu of soybean cultivated land for the country, which will greatly improve the self-sufficiency rate of edible oil in China. Developing rice oil industry is one of the effective ways to improve the self-sufficiency rate of edible oil in China without competing with fertile land. Experts attending the meeting said that actively developing rice oil industry in China is a necessary move for the supply-side structural reform of edible oil processing industry.

  At present, there are three main reasons that restrict the development of rice oil in China: first, the rice processing enterprises in China are small and scattered, and it is difficult to concentrate rice bran; Second, rice bran is prone to rancidity and deterioration, and the preservation technology is not easy to solve; Third, the policies and measures to support the development of rice oil industry are not strong enough.

  At present, the technical bottleneck has been broken. According to reports, Yihai Kerry, the parent company of Arowana, has created a brand-new production mode of rice oil with decentralized preservation, centralized extraction and centralized refining. It has used a series of advanced production technologies such as 6-hour expansion preservation, low-temperature extraction and internationally advanced green enzymatic degumming, so that natural cereal active nutrients such as oryzanol, vitamins and sterols can be retained to the greatest extent.

  Rice bran oil production is an important link of rice circular economy in Yihai Kerry. Since entering the field of rice processing in 2006, Yihai Kerry has started to research and develop a new model of comprehensive utilization of rice. In the past ten years, the accumulated investment has reached several billion yuan, and gradually built a new circular industry model of "order planting-intensive processing-product brand-name-making-comprehensive utilization of by-products-high-tech product research and development". Through the order base, the purity of rice varieties and the quality of arowana rice are guaranteed; At the same time, independently research and develop rice bran preservation technology to improve the yield and quality of arowana rice oil. Fatty acids, rice bran wax, rice bran fat, oryzanol, ferulic acid and other high value-added products extracted from rice bran oil by-products and rice bran meal are widely used in food special oils, grease chemicals, cosmetics and other industries; At the same time, rice husk combustion was realized to generate electricity, and activated carbon and white carbon were prepared from rice husk ash. At present, the rice husk silica produced by Yihai Kerry has achieved cross-industry cooperation with tire production giants and is being popularized and applied worldwide.

  Yihai Kerry’s rice circular economy model has truly realized the transformation from the traditional extensive rice processing model to the "eat dry and squeeze clean" processing model with intensive processing and high-efficiency and energy-saving utilization of by-products, which has increased farmers’ rice planting income and increased the added value of rice products, and realized the integration of order agriculture, intensive processing of agricultural products, brand product sales and service. Nowadays, the utilization rate of rice bran in Yihai Kerry rice circular economy model reaches 60-70%, which is much higher than the average ratio of rice bran utilization rate of less than 20% in the whole industry.

  Jiang Yuanrong, a researcher at Fengyi (Shanghai) Biotechnology R&D Center Co., Ltd., said that this model can fully develop and utilize the economic value of rice. If it can be replicated and promoted throughout the country, its economic and social benefits will be considerable.

  In April 2017, Yihai (Jiamusi) Cereals and Oils Industry Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Yihai Kerry, was officially approved by the National Development and Reform Commission as the "National Pilot Unit for Standardization of Rice Processing Circular Economy", which is the only pilot enterprise in the rice processing industry in China, marking that this global leading rice circular economy model has been incorporated into the national green development plan. "Perfecting and popularizing it will be beneficial to the sustainable development of rice processing and rice oil industry in China." Zhang Guifeng, chairman of China Cereals and Oils Society, fully affirmed Yihai Kerry’s active exploration and practice in the industrial chain mode of rice circular economy.

  On October 25th, 2016, at the 3rd ICRBO- International Rice Oil Conference held in Tokyo, Japan, Arowana rice oil from China won unanimous praise from oil experts from China, Japan, India, Thailand and Vietnam, and won the only "International Rice Oil Quality Award" selected by the Conference. The award indicates that China’s independently innovated rice oil production technology has completely surpassed Japanese and advanced the international level.

  The 13th Five-Year Development Plan of Grain and Oil Processing Industry formulated by the State Grain Administration proposes to "actively develop rice bran oil", and to "achieve the utilization rate of by-products such as rice bran above 50%" by 2020, and cultivate a number of leading enterprises in the integration of grain and oil processing industry. At this stage, increasing policy support has become a booster to accelerate the integration and development of rice, oil and three industries in China.

  The meeting was jointly sponsored by the Oil Branch of China Cereals and Oils Association, the Technical Committee of Oils and Oils of National Cereals and Oils Standardization Technical Committee, and undertaken by Fengyi (Shanghai) Biotechnology R&D Center Co., Ltd. The meeting aims to further promote the development of China’s rice oil industry and deepen the transformation and upgrading of China’s grain processing industry. 

Regenerative Medicine Breakthrough China Scientists Induce Human totipotent Stem Cells.

  Recently, researchers from China Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Huada Institute of Life Sciences and other institutions have cultivated human pluripotent stem cells in a state similar to that of fertilized eggs developing for three days through somatic cell induction. This is the "youngest" human cell cultured in vitro in the world at present, and it is another subversive breakthrough in the field of regenerative medicine after scientists successfully induced human pluripotent stem cells. Related research results were published in the international academic journal Nature in the early morning of March 22nd, Beijing time.

  It is understood that researchers have developed a non-transgenic, fast and controllable "cocktail" cell reprogramming method, which can transform human pluripotent stem cells into totipotent 8-cell embryonic-like cells, that is, totipotent stem cells equivalent to the three-day development of fertilized eggs. This achievement will help to realize the in vitro regeneration of human organs in the future, and it is of great significance to solve the problems of organ shortage, allograft and xenotransplantation rejection.

  In 2012, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to shinya yamanaka, a Japanese scientist who successfully induced mature somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells in blastocyst stage. The cells in human blastocyst stage are fertilized eggs developing 5-mdash; In the state of 6 days, its ability to further develop is limited.

  However, this study has made a big step forward in this field, and for the first time, embryonic cells with fertilized eggs divided for only 3 days were obtained. In the early stage of fertilized egg development, great changes have taken place every day, and it is these 2-mdash; In 3 days, scientists obtained human 8-cell embryonic-like totipotent stem cells through in vitro induction for the first time. This is the "youngest" human cell induced in vitro so far, and it has very strong development potential. This study will also help to unlock the key to the early development of human embryos.

  According to reports, these totipotent 8-cell embryonic-like cells reconstructed the embryonic state of fertilized eggs after only three times of division. Compared with pluripotent stem cells in the past, these cells can differentiate into placental tissues and may develop into more mature body tissues.

  "This progress is also a model of the combination of regenerative medicine and single cell sequencing technology." Dr. Liu Longqi from Shenzhen Huada Institute of Life Sciences, one of the authors of the paper, said, "The efficient identification and mechanism analysis of cells or tissues obtained by stem cell technology in vitro or in vivo will greatly accelerate the development of regenerative medicine."

  This is the first time that researchers have "transformed" human pluripotent stem cells into pluripotent embryonic cells in a real sense, so that people can reverse the "adult" version of cells into "infant" versions with more possibilities. At the same time, because the totipotent cells obtained this time are closer to the original state of early embryos, if they are used in regenerative medicine, the cultivated organs will be closer to the state of real organs, which is more conducive to transplantation.

  This breakthrough is due to the progress of single cell sequencing technology. In the past, researchers may have to process and culture thousands of cells, and the probability of success is less than 10%. Nowadays, based on the single-cell library sequencing platform (DNBelab C4) independently developed by Huada University, combined with the DNBSEQ sequencing technology created by Huada Zhizhi, scientists can conduct multidimensional single-cell analysis with high sensitivity and accuracy, quickly obtain cells with important development potential, and study the development direction of these cells.

  In this study, the research team also classified the induced pluripotent stem cells and injected them into mice for further development, and then used the single cell sequencing technology of Huada to conduct large-scale cell map analysis. Finally, the researchers confirmed that the experimental totipotent stem cells were highly similar to human 8-cell embryonic cells, which proved the totipotency of the cells. This provides a scientific basis for organ culture using patients’ own cells in the future and for organ transplantation and replacement.

  The research was led by China Academy of Sciences and Shenzhen Huada Institute of Life Sciences, with the participation of several research teams including Cambridge University, Jilin University and rajshahi University. This study has passed the ethical review and strictly followed the corresponding laws and regulations and ethical standards.

Pharmaceutical Business Advisor AstraZeneca Chloe Wang: Writing the Next Growth Decade with Ecosphere and Digitalization

    The column "Insight into New Trends and New Possibilities of Pharmacy" is a special program "Pharmacy Consultation" for the seventh anniversary of Ali Health Pharmacy jointly produced by Ali Health and Cyberblue. The purpose of this paper is to explore the new trend of medical and health industry in the new era from the perspective of pharmaceutical companies’ first site, and to discuss how pharmaceutical companies and Internet medical platforms can jointly build an ecology to provide users with more comprehensive, professional and convenient new ways of health services under the changing industry and around the changing needs of users.

    Today, we will review AstraZeneca’s innovative practice of deepening the China market for 30 years, and discuss the "entrepreneurial history" of this multinational pharmaceutical company in China from two dimensions of "digitalization" and "ecological circle".

    "Taking patients as the center and technology as the driving force, we will jointly explore the construction of a healthy and innovative ecology. While realizing digital medical care, we will help improve the integrated diagnosis and treatment and the whole course management plan, bringing new ideas for chronic disease management, primary care and multi-scene medical services. This is the fifth year of AstraZeneca’s health cooperation with Ali. In the year, AstraZeneca’s global executive vice president, international business and China President Chloe Wang sent a message to Ali Health.

    Behind this message, on the one hand, AstraZeneca’s positive layout in the digital field, and on the other hand, its interpretation in innovative ecological cooperation. These are the two main ideas that AstraZeneca cultivated in the China market for a long time.

    When talking about AstraZeneca, apart from its important role in tumor, cardiovascular and respiratory treatment, we will also mention AstraZeneca’s attitude of embracing the China market and focusing on the China market: in the past 30 years, AstraZeneca has embarked on its own path from product introduction to overweight manufacturing to the construction of innovative ecology.

    AstraZeneca embraced the China market vigorously, and the China market also gave AstraZeneca a good feedback-for a long time, AstraZeneca’s sales in China were among the best among multinational pharmaceutical companies.

    On the 30th birthday just past, AstraZeneca said that it would continue to "bring in" and "go out" simultaneously, push China’s innovation to the world and continue to embrace the China market.

    "Embrace the China market" is not just a slogan. How did AstraZeneca land? We try to deconstruct from two aspects: "digitalization" and "ecological circle".

    AstraZeneca’s Innovation Ecosphere

    As a leading pharmaceutical company in the world, AstraZeneca’s product innovation has always been at the forefront of the world. Although there are not a few multinational pharmaceutical companies with strong products entering the China market, AstraZeneca is the most outstanding in terms of volume and growth rate.

    Behind this is that AstraZeneca, on the basis of its rich treatment methods, has long been committed to promoting the mutually beneficial integration of global and local innovations in China: identifying the connection points between enterprises and policies and market trends, and the advantages of China’s supply chain, and constantly innovating the upstream and downstream cooperation models.

    In diagnosis, the industry trend of accurate detection should be followed. AstraZeneca and its partners announced the establishment of the MET HER2 Accurate Diagnosis Alliance to jointly build the capabilities in disease prevention and early screening, personalized treatment plan and so on.

    In terms of treatment, with the rise of local innovation in China, AstraZeneca actively explores ways to cooperate with local pharmaceutical companies with an open mind on its own product pipeline array. Last year, AstraZeneca and Unacon started cooperation on oxitinib. As a part of the long-term project of "lung cancer targeted joint scientific research cooperation", AstraZeneca is trying to link the clinical strength of local pharmaceutical companies to better improve the survival and benefit of lung cancer patients in China.

    In disease management, AstraZeneca starts from the scene of field diagnosis and treatment, helps medical institutions to build a bridge between doctors and patients, and provides solutions such as full course management and integrated diagnosis and treatment. AstraZeneca has signed strategic cooperation agreements with a number of medical groups to jointly integrate high-quality resources and strengthen the role of non-public medical care in China’s current medical system.

    From diagnosis to treatment to management, AstraZeneca’s strategic layout and cooperative ecology cover the complete treatment journey of patients.

    In addition to the traditional health industry chain, AstraZeneca is also actively embracing the new format of the health industry.

    In May this year, AstraZeneca and Ali Health jointly built a cardiovascular disease education and rehabilitation platform to provide customized and innovative digital health management services for patients with chronic diseases. Some consumption scenes of chronic diseases have been moved online, and through digital means, patients’ disease cognition and course management efficiency have been improved.

    "By building the" Troika "of innovative ecosystems such as China Smart Health Innovation Center (CCiC), International Life Science Innovation Park (iCampus) and AstraZeneca Zhongjin Medical Industry Fund (AZ-CICC Fund), AstraZeneca has joined hands with local pharmaceutical innovation forces in China to continuously and deeply build an international healthy innovation ecosystem." Zhu Lixuan, vice president of AstraZeneca China, head of the Digitalization and Business Innovation Department and the Business Strategy and Operational Excellence Department, explained the concept of the ecosphere.

    She said that AstraZeneca very much hopes to find an ecosystem partner who is also patient-centered and can complement each other’s business. The advantages of AstraZeneca in the field of medicine will be combined with excellent enterprises in the fields of equipment, special medical food, mental health and sports to achieve cooperation covering many aspects of the whole course management.

    Previously, foreign pharmaceutical companies relied on advanced products to meet the health needs of their stocks in the China market. Nowadays, the growth of the pharmaceutical industry needs everyone to make the cake in the market bigger together. The creation of AstraZeneca innovation ecosystem is the process of making the cake bigger with partners.

    Digitally open up the whole course management

    If the "ecological circle" is to improve the service experience of patients in the whole diagnosis and treatment process, then "digitalization" is a powerful tool to improve the medical and health service experience.

    The combination of "smart medical care" and "patient-centered" requires all parties in the medical system to cooperate through digital tools, provide continuous, convenient and high-quality services for patients, and track, record and guide each stage of the course.

    In this regard, AstraZeneca’s strategy is to focus on subdividing the treatment field, explore a set of landing models, and copy them to other fields.

    In terms of business, AstraZeneca supports associations, hospitals and experts to launch an innovative diagnosis and treatment system integrating screening, diagnosis, treatment and management; A digital management platform has been established in many fields, such as tumor, cardiovascular disease and chronic disease, so that every link of standardized treatment can be standardized, and standardized diagnosis and treatment data can be accumulated through standardized electronic medical records and quality control management in diagnosis and treatment.

    Faced with a series of problems such as uneven supply of medical resources in the low-end market and complicated process of patient diagnosis and treatment, AstraZeneca has applied for digital solutions such as remote consultation, multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment (MDT) and distance academic training and education, and is committed to improving the quality of diagnosis and treatment in various places.

    In terms of channels, AstraZeneca also spared no effort to give full play to the advantages of digitalization.

    Grass-roots business has been difficult for many pharmaceutical companies to cover because of its wide distribution and low service efficiency. This is what AstraZeneca has been trying to overcome since it entered the China market. AstraZeneca has cooperated with many local e-commerce companies and Internet medical platforms, such as Ali Health, to create an online and offline integrated health service scene, which improves the accessibility of medical care and patient medication. In addition, AstraZeneca has specially built a grassroots business team to actively improve the medical service experience of patients in third-and fourth-tier cities.

    The innovation of digital diagnosis and treatment (service) and the improvement of infrastructure in distribution channels (tools) make AstraZeneca closer and closer to its goal in the grassroots market.

    In addition, based on the established standardized treatment database, AstraZeneca is also exploring the empowerment of product research and conducting comprehensive digital medical exploration and research.

    At the same time, AstraZeneca is also using some cutting-edge digital tools to empower the whole process.

    Shenrui Medical, a participating enterprise of AstraZeneca Zhongjin Medical Industry Fund, is one of the pioneers in the field of AI medical care in China. Its Dr.Wise AI medical auxiliary diagnosis system uses international cutting-edge technology to make artificial intelligence medical image diagnosis reach the advanced level, and it is in the forefront of the industry in the accurate diagnosis of diseases in various systems, which can provide clinical suggestions for doctors to make further diagnosis and treatment decisions. At present, the system is widely used in decision-making and follow-up of early screening of lung cancer, early screening of breast cancer and auxiliary assessment of stroke, which effectively helps to improve the efficiency of doctors’ diagnosis and treatment and reduce the rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

    Digitalization is not a concept, but for "usefulness".

    "Realizing data insight and closed loop at each key node is the key to the success of digital transformation of pharmaceutical companies. But we can’t digitize for the sake of digitization. All digital transformations must be patient-centered, empower doctors and patients through digital innovation, improve the efficiency of disease management, and ultimately benefit patients. " Zhu Lixuan said this.

    Multinational pharmaceutical companies start businesses in China.

    Health is an eternal demand. No matter how the external environment changes, consumers are willing to invest in high-quality health needs.

    In the field of health consumption, there are both commodity consumption and service consumption, such as online consultation and telemedicine; It not only integrates cutting-edge scientific and technological innovations, but also integrates fine and intimate health guidance. Consumer demand is diversified, personalized and multi-level, and the update and upgrade speed is faster.

    Under the diversified consumer demand, AstraZeneca is exploring how to match the needs of China patients with more drugs and solutions.

    At first, AstraZeneca introduced abundant therapeutic tools to China. Since then, AstraZeneca has continued to expand the localization process in the supply chain to improve the accessibility of drugs at lower production costs.

    Nowadays, when the demand for health consumption is more and more diversified, from treatment to service, from effectiveness to accessibility, from the north to the low-end market, from simply eliminating illness to improving the whole process experience … AstraZeneca meets these diversified needs one by one. The process of finding the demand and satisfying it is a process of starting a business.

    Talking about AstraZeneca’s future layout of China market, Zhu Lizuan shared: "On the basis of the continuous improvement of agglomeration effect and mode maturity, the’ Troika’ of innovation centers, innovation parks and funds is expected to further strengthen their mutual coupling and driving operation modes and help more local innovation achievements to land. In the future, AstraZeneca will also promote more innovative models, innovative enterprises and innovative achievements in China to the world stage by building bridges to the sea, and vigorously promote the global layout and development of China enterprises. " Zhu Lixuan mentioned.

Keep enough cars and prepare enough people to go all out to ensure the express delivery "Spring Festival travel rush"

  CCTV News:Every year before the Spring Festival, it is the peak season for all kinds of express delivery. Since Spring Festival travel rush started on January 7th, the daily postal express delivery volume has been over 300 million pieces, with a peak of over 400 million pieces. What changes have been made to the express delivery capacity that will be tight in previous years? Can the express delivery business be guaranteed during the holidays? Is the way home by express delivery smooth?

  At 6: 30 in the morning, at this express outlet in Zhongguancun, the person in charge, Lei Liping, simply said a few words, and the express buddy immediately threw himself into the sorting work.

  As the nearest express terminal service point to customers, from 4: 00 in the morning, there are trucks coming into the field one after another, and express parcels sent from all over the country to nearby areas are pulled from the transit point. The express parcels waiting to be sorted and delivered quickly piled up a hill.

  "hurry up! Hurry up! " This is the word that reporters hear the most frequently at the scene. Lei Liping told reporters that near the Spring Festival, the peak of express delivery has been ushered in recent days. Because most of them are fresh food, gifts and other new year’s goods, in order to ensure the timeliness, the express delivered from all over the country in the morning should be delivered to customers before noon. Nearly 50 courier brothers in this outlet have to arrive at their posts before 6: 30 in the morning, and breakfast can only be solved.

  Less than 8 o’clock, the five express parcels sent in the morning have been sorted.

  Go all out to ensure the express delivery "Spring Festival travel rush", the grass-roots outlets at the end of delivery operate efficiently, and the circulation at the end is smooth. Then, what is the transition in express delivery with a wider business scope?

  The reporter saw in a courier transfer near the Capital Airport that dozens of unloading ports were full of trucks. On the other hand, there are long queues of vehicles waiting for unloading.

  Handling 600,000 peak packages per day is definitely not possible by manpower alone. The reporter saw at the scene that the automatic sorting equipment helped a lot. After unloading, these parcels were transported to the automatic sorting machine, and more than 600 sorting ports could be automatically divided into different parcel bags according to the area codes on the face sheet.

  Save enough cars and people. In order to cope with the peak of express delivery during the Spring Festival, recently, many express delivery companies have proposed "no fighting during the Spring Festival" to ensure the smooth flow of express logistics.

  In Beijing Xinfadi Fruit Wholesale Market, Wei Dongwen, who is in charge of contacting the truck service for merchants, asked about the shipment of merchants and contacted the truck by phone.

  Wei Dongwen told reporters that people have been going home for the New Year these days, but they have also left enough manpower to ensure the delivery needs of customers. During the Spring Festival, there are still many courier brothers who are ready to stick to their posts to ensure that the courier service during the festival is not interrupted.

  Shi Jianting and Zhang Huanrong, couples from Linfen, Shanxi, have stayed at the delivery line for four consecutive Spring Festival. The couple planned that after the 14th day of the first month, the list was running out, and they would go home at the wrong peak.

  The reporter learned in the interview that a number of measures have been introduced in various places to actively respond to the express delivery demand during the holiday season. Some express delivery companies start the "night delivery" mode, extend the delivery time at night, and give priority to timely delivery of drugs, epidemic prevention materials and food. Jiangsu issued 35 million yuan of government subsidies for the postal express delivery industry to stabilize and return to work, helping the postal express delivery industry to accelerate its recovery. In Luzhou, Sichuan, the bus driver undertakes the task of delivering the express delivery. After receiving the express delivery from the postal transport vehicle, the bus driver sorts and delivers the express delivery to the Jintong Post Express Station in each village to get through the "last mile" of the parcel entering the village.

Improve the implementation and supervision system of the Constitution (study and implement the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee)

  The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee is a very important meeting held at the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The plenary session adopted "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Several Major Issues of Comprehensively Promoting the Rule of Law" (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision"), which made a top-level design and strategic deployment for comprehensively promoting the rule of law, clearly outlined the grand blueprint for the construction of China ruled by law, and specifically defined the road map and task book for comprehensively promoting the rule of law in various fields. It is a landmark programmatic document. The "Decision" makes an incisive exposition on safeguarding the authority of the Constitution, strengthening the implementation of the Constitution, and carrying forward the spirit of the Constitution, and puts forward clear requirements, which will surely raise the full implementation of the Constitution to a new level.

  1. The Constitution is the fundamental law of the country, and it is the general charter for governing the country and safeguarding the country.

  The "Decision" pointed out: "The Constitution is a concentrated expression of the will of the party and the people and a fundamental law formed through scientific and democratic procedures." We should fully understand the important position and role of the Constitution in the political and social life of the country, and earnestly enhance the consciousness and firmness of observing and safeguarding the Constitution.

  The constitution is the concentrated expression of the common will of the party and the people. China’s Constitution is closely linked with the arduous struggle and brilliant achievements made by the Party and the people, the road ahead opened by the Party and the people and the valuable experience accumulated. As early as 1940, Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that "after the success of the revolution had democratic facts, a fundamental law was promulgated to recognize it, which is the Constitution". Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, the major principles and policies determined by the Party’s previous congresses have been fully reflected in the Constitution. For example, the 1982 Constitution and its four subsequent amendments timely wrote the Party’s major theoretical achievements such as Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents’s Important Thought, Persistence in Reform and Opening-up, Primary Stage of Socialism, Socialist Market Economy, Ruling the Country by Law and Builders of Socialist Cause into the Constitution. The current constitution, in the form of the fundamental law of the country, establishes the development achievements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s road, theoretical system and system, reflects the common will and fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups in China, and is a high degree of unity of the party’s ideas and the people’s will. Safeguarding the legal authority of the Constitution means safeguarding the authority of the common will of the Party and the people, safeguarding the dignity of the constitutional law means safeguarding the dignity of the common will of the Party and the people, and ensuring the implementation of the constitutional law means ensuring the realization of the common will of the Party and the people. It is necessary to fully understand that only by earnestly respecting and effectively implementing the Constitution can the development of the cause of the party and the state and the happiness and well-being of the people be fundamentally guaranteed by law.

  Constitution is a direct reflection of people’s democratic rights and wishes. The "Decision" pointed out that "the CPC Central Committee proposed constitutional amendments to the National People’s Congress and carried out constitutional amendments in accordance with the procedures stipulated in the Constitution." This fully embodies the organic unity of the party’s leadership, the people being the masters of the country and governing the country according to law, and highlights the distinctive characteristics of China’s socialist democracy. In the process of formulating and amending the constitution of our country, democracy is fully promoted, and procedures are strictly followed to ensure the extensive participation and high recognition of the whole party and society. When China’s first constitution was formulated in 1954, more than 8,000 representatives from state organs, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, democratic parties, people’s organizations and all walks of life were organized to participate in the discussion, and more than 6,000 opinions were put forward after sorting out. In the subsequent national discussion, 150 million people participated, and more than 1 million amendments and suggestions were received from all over the country. In 1982, the draft amendment to the current constitution was fully discussed by the whole people for four months, and the opinions and suggestions from all sides inside and outside the party were widely solicited for the next four amendments. It can be said that the formation and development of the Constitution is a process in which the people directly exercise their democratic rights and reflect their democratic will, and it is also a process in which the wisdom and consensus of the whole party and the people of the whole country are highly condensed. It is necessary to fully understand that the constitution is formed and developed through scientific and democratic procedures, and it is the most extensive and true embodiment of socialist democracy in China.

  The constitution is the highest code of conduct that the whole society must strictly abide by. Since the reform and opening up, China’s current constitution, with its supreme legal status and strong legal power, has guaranteed the people to be masters of their own affairs, promoted reform and opening up and socialist modernization, promoted the process of a socialist country ruled by law, and safeguarded national unity, national unity and social stability. Practice has proved that this is a good constitution that conforms to the national conditions, reality and the requirements of the development of the times. The Decision emphasizes that "all organizations and individuals must respect the legal authority of the Constitution" and that "people of all ethnic groups, all state organs and armed forces, all political parties, all social organizations, and all enterprises and institutions in China must take the Constitution as the fundamental criterion for their activities, and have the responsibility to safeguard the dignity of the Constitution and ensure its implementation", which further demonstrates the clear attitude and firm determination of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader Comrade as the general secretary in upholding the rule of law and governing the country according to the Constitution, and establishes the Constitution in the national governance system and institutions. We must always uphold the supremacy of the Constitution and fully understand that the Constitution, as the fundamental law to ensure the prosperity and long-term stability of the Party and the country, has the highest authority and must be fully respected and resolutely safeguarded.

  Two, the life of the constitution lies in the implementation, and the authority of the constitution lies in the implementation.

  The strength of the constitution is not only due to its lofty status, but also due to its effective implementation. Otherwise, the constitution can only stay at the level of "political declaration" and text. The "Decision" puts forward clear requirements for strengthening the implementation of the Constitution. We must persistently strengthen the implementation of the Constitution as the primary task and basic work of building a socialist country ruled by law, and pay close attention to it to ensure that the leading role of the Constitution in national governance and social governance is fully exerted.

  Conscientiously fulfill the constitutional mission and work together for the prosperity of the country, the rejuvenation of the nation and the happiness of the people. The Constitution confirms the brilliant achievements made by our Party in leading the people’s long-term struggle, stipulates the nature and fundamental system of state power under the people’s democratic dictatorship, and defines the fundamental task and general goal of the country’s future construction and development. It is the highest embodiment of the central work, basic principles, major principles and important policies of the Party and the country in the new period. We should bravely shoulder the historical heavy responsibility and sacred mission entrusted by the Constitution, persist in emancipating our minds, comprehensively deepen reform, make overall plans to promote the construction of socialist economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization, and strive to achieve the goal of "two hundred years" and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream by the Chinese nation. We must adhere to the constitutional concept that all state power belongs to the people, adapt to the new requirements of promoting economic and social development and expanding people’s democracy, and mobilize and organize the people to manage state and social affairs, economic and cultural undertakings through various channels and forms in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and laws, so as to jointly build, enjoy and develop together, so as to maximize the realization and maintenance of the people’s yearning for a better life.

  Always abide by the constitutional principles and adhere to equality before the law. Equality is the basic attribute of socialist law. China’s Constitution stipulates: "All citizens of People’s Republic of China (PRC) are equal before the law." All citizens in China are equal in the application of laws, regardless of nationality, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education level and property status. The "Decision" once again reaffirms this important principle, emphasizing that any organization or individual "must operate within the scope of the constitutional law, must exercise power or rights, perform duties or obligations in accordance with the constitutional law, and must not have privileges beyond the constitutional law". It is necessary to safeguard the unity, dignity and authority of the national legal system and effectively ensure the effective implementation of constitutional laws. No one will be allowed to substitute words for laws, suppress laws and bending the law with power under any pretext or in any form. It is necessary to focus on standardizing and restraining public power, strengthen supervision, make sure that the right must be held accountable, the right to use it is supervised, and those who violate the law must be investigated, and resolutely correct those who fail to abide by the law, enforce the law lax, and fail to investigate the law.

  Vigorously carry forward the spirit of the constitution, and effectively embody and run through the whole process of governing the country according to law. The core of the spirit of the Constitution is that the people are the masters of the country. The "Decision" emphasizes that it is necessary to "improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics with the Constitution as the core" and "make every legislation conform to the spirit of the Constitution, reflect the will of the people and win the support of the people". This is an important premise and foundation for the correct and unified implementation of the Constitution. By the end of 2013, there were 243 effective laws, 731 administrative regulations and 9347 local regulations (including autonomous regulations and separate regulations) in China. It is important to keep these laws and regulations consistent with the spirit of the Constitution. The basic principles and systems established by the Constitution, the basic spirit of regulating state power and realizing citizens’ rights, etc., need to be refined through laws, regulations and other normative documents, and more importantly, the state administrative organs, judicial organs, procuratorial organs, all social organizations and all citizens need to consciously abide by them to implement them. It is necessary to regard the Constitution as the highest legal norm, strictly follow the clear statutory authority and requirements of the Constitution, scientifically legislate, strictly enforce the law, justly administer justice, and abide by the law by the whole people, so that the spirit of the Constitution can be fully reflected in all aspects of the rule of law.

  Effectively safeguard the authority of the Constitution and resolutely investigate and correct all acts that violate the Constitution. It is the basic requirement of governing the country according to law and an important embodiment of the implementation of the constitution to abide by the law and prosecute those who violate the law. The current constitution meets the needs of building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream, and its core position in the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics has been formed. However, in real life, some departments just regard the Constitution as a supreme law. Many people think that the Constitution has little to do with ordinary people, and violations of the Constitution occur from time to time. In view of these problems in the implementation of the Constitution, the Decision emphasizes that "all acts that violate the Constitution must be investigated and corrected". It is necessary to formulate and improve the system of investigating the violation of the constitution, make clear provisions on the constitutive requirements, responsibilities, measures and procedures of investigating the violation of the constitution and strictly implement them, so that violations of the constitution can be stopped and corrected in time and the supreme authority of the constitution can be respected and safeguarded.

  Adhere to the party’s leadership and unify the party’s leading the people in formulating and implementing constitutional laws with the party’s adherence to activities within the scope of constitutional laws. This is a profound summary of our party’s experience in governing the country, a deepening understanding of our party’s ruling laws, a fundamental embodiment of constitutional principles with people’s sovereignty, basic human rights, power restriction and socialist rule of law as the main contents, and the key to the implementation of the constitution. Our party leads the people to formulate the constitution, and leads the people to abide by and implement it. To govern the country according to law, we must first govern the country according to the constitution; The key to governing according to law is to govern according to the constitution. To strengthen the implementation of the Constitution, we must always adhere to the leading core role of the Party in taking the overall situation into account and coordinating all parties, adhere to the organic connection between the internal laws and regulations of the Party and constitutional laws, be good at making the Party’s ideas become the will of the state through legal procedures, be good at making the candidates recommended by the Party organizations become the leaders of state organs through legal procedures, be good at implementing the Party’s leadership over the country and society through state organs, and be good at using the principle of democratic centralism to safeguard the central authority and the unity of the whole party and the whole country.

  Three, improve the supervision mechanism and procedures for the implementation of the Constitution, and effectively enhance the effectiveness of constitutional supervision.

  Constitutional supervision is an important institutional form to ensure the implementation of the constitution and safeguard its authority and dignity. The implementation of the constitution cannot be separated from the constitutional supervision. Since the promulgation and implementation of the 1954 Constitution, especially the 1982 Constitution, China has continuously explored and gradually established a constitutional supervision system with China characteristics. Promoting the rule of law in an all-round way and strengthening the implementation of the constitution have put forward new and higher requirements for constitutional supervision.

  Improve the constitutional supervision system of the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee. China’s Constitution stipulates that the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee are responsible for supervising the implementation of the Constitution. This reflects the system design that the National People’s Congress is the highest organ of state power and exercises state power on behalf of the people. Practice has proved that it conforms to China’s national conditions. The "Decision" emphasizes "improving the constitutional supervision system of the NPC and its Standing Committee", which not only highlights that the NPC and its Standing Committee have the highest constitutional supervision power, but also points out the direction of efforts to promote the institutionalization of constitutional supervision. It is necessary to improve the supervision mechanism and procedures, further clarify the object, scope and methods of constitutional supervision by the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee, and make the principle requirements specific and procedural, so as to make the constitutional supervision more standardized and effective.

  Give full play to the role of constitutional interpretation. According to the spirit of the Constitution, it is very important to explain the contents, meanings and boundaries of the Constitution, so as to ensure and supervise the full implementation of the Constitution. In the face of the complicated international situation and arduous domestic tasks, especially in the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of constitutional interpretation and strengthen the function and effectiveness of constitutional supervision to solve the new situations and problems faced by reform and development according to law and safeguard national unity, national unity and social stability. In order to promote the concretization and institutionalization of constitutional interpretation, the "Decision" emphasizes "improving the procedural mechanism of constitutional interpretation". It is necessary to establish and improve the system of constitutional interpretation, clarify the conditions for submitting constitutional interpretation, the initiation and acceptance of requests for constitutional interpretation, the deliberation, adoption and publication of constitutional interpretation cases, ensure the implementation of constitutional interpretation, complement the advantages of constitutional amendment, and advance with legal interpretation, so that our constitution can keep pace with the times and keep pace with the times on the basis of maintaining stability and authority.

  Strengthen the record review system and capacity building. It is an important content and link of constitutional supervision to record and review laws, administrative regulations and local regulations. According to statistics, by the end of 2013, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) had received a total of 502 administrative regulations, 22,253 local regulations (including autonomous regulations and separate regulations) and 189 judicial interpretations. For the problems found in the review that are inconsistent with the constitutional laws, the enacting organs have been urged to amend or abolish them. The "Decision" emphasizes strengthening the record review system and capacity building, including all normative documents in the scope of record review, revoking and correcting unconstitutional and illegal normative documents according to law, and prohibiting local governments from issuing documents with legislative nature. It is necessary to improve the filing and review mechanism, improve the execution and binding force of the system, strengthen the cooperation between legislative supervision institutions, establish and improve the coordination and communication mechanism, effectively improve the filing and review ability, enhance the actual efficiency of filing and review, and safeguard the unity of the Constitution and the law.

  Guide all sectors of society to actively participate in constitutional supervision. All power in our country belongs to the people, and every citizen has the responsibility of consciously respecting and maintaining the constitution itself, as well as the right and obligation to participate in supervision. According to statistics, since 2004, there have been 1,137 censorship suggestions put forward by citizens and organizations, of which 475 are within the scope of filing and censorship in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). It is necessary to give full play to the important role of socialist deliberative democracy in constitutional supervision, pay attention to the democratic supervision role of the CPPCC and the United front, organize and guide democratic parties, people’s organizations and people from all walks of life to conduct in-depth investigations and studies on major issues related to the implementation, revision and interpretation of the Constitution, and actively make suggestions and suggestions. It is necessary to expand the channels for citizens to participate in constitutional supervision in an orderly manner, explore the establishment of an opinion processing and feedback mechanism, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all sectors of society to participate in constitutional supervision, so as to have a broader consensus and a solid foundation.

  Fourth, the foundation of the constitution lies in inner support, and the power of the constitution comes from sincere belief.

  Only when the constitution is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and enters the masses of the people can it truly become the conscious action of all the people. It is necessary to enhance the conscious awareness of the whole society to be loyal to, abide by, safeguard and apply the Constitution, establish the belief and awe in the Constitution, and provide spiritual motivation and ideological guarantee for comprehensively promoting the rule of law and building a socialist country ruled by law.

  Constitutional education is widely carried out in the whole society. The constitution is "a piece of paper with people’s rights written on it", which should be mastered, observed and used by the people. The "Decision" clearly designated December 4th, when the current Constitution of China was promulgated and put into effect, as the "National Constitution Day" every year, which provided an important opportunity for the centralized publicity and popularization of the Constitution. It is necessary to further improve the legal education system, highlight and strengthen constitutional education, make full use of various media to popularize constitutional knowledge, explain the spirit of the constitution, spread constitutional ideas, form a strong atmosphere for studying the constitution, and make the constitution a household name. It is necessary to bring constitutional education into the whole process of national education, starting with dolls and cultivating constitutional awareness from an early age. Through constitutional education, all the people should realize that the constitution is not only the highest code of conduct that must be observed, but also the most powerful weapon to protect their rights, fully believe in the constitution, actively use it, and become loyal advocates, conscious followers and firm defenders of the constitution.

  Party member cadres should take the lead in safeguarding the dignity of the Constitution. Party member cadres and state functionaries have an important leading and exemplary role in observing and maintaining the Constitution. The "Decision" requires that party organizations of people’s congresses, governments, CPPCC, judicial organs and procuratorial organs at all levels should lead and supervise their units to abide by the constitutional laws. It is necessary to establish and improve the system for party and government leading cadres at all levels to study the Constitution, regard the Constitution as the study content of the theoretical study center group of the Party committee (party group), as an important aspect of cadre education in party member, and list it as a compulsory course for Party schools and administrative colleges, so as to comprehensively strengthen the study and mastery of the contents and basic spirit of the Constitution. It is necessary to educate party member cadres, especially leading cadres, to take the lead in establishing constitutional consciousness, cultivate constitutional thinking, and take the constitution as the criterion for judging right and wrong; Take the lead in acting in strict accordance with the Constitution and enhance the ability to observe, analyze and solve practical problems according to the Constitution; Take the lead in promoting constitutional practice, conscientiously perform the duties entrusted by the Constitution, and fight against all acts that undermine the authority and trample on the dignity of the Constitution, so that the Constitution truly becomes the highest rule of state governance and the fundamental principle that must be followed in carrying out its work.

  Establish a constitutional oath system. The "Decision" clearly stated that "a constitutional oath system shall be established, and all state functionaries elected or appointed by the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee shall publicly take an oath to the Constitution when they officially take office". The oath ceremony of the constitution strengthens the spirit of the constitution through solemn forms, which helps to enhance the sense of awe of the constitution and remember the solemn commitment made to the constitution; It is helpful to improve constitutional consciousness and cultivate constitutional belief. This innovative measure is of great significance for carrying forward the spirit of the Constitution and showing its authority. At present, among the 142 countries with written constitutions in the world, 97 countries have stipulated the oath system, and China is constantly exploring and practicing it. In March 2013, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said at a meeting of the 12th National People’s Congress: "We will faithfully perform our duties entrusted by the Constitution, be loyal to the motherland, be loyal to the people, fulfill our duties, stay up all night in public, serve the people and do our best for the country." In December of the same year, 501 judges in the Supreme People’s Court solemnly swore allegiance to the Constitution and laws facing the national flag in accordance with the Provisions on Judge People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s Oath (Trial). We should conscientiously implement the constitutional oath system, clarify the specific procedures, contents, supervision and legal responsibilities of the oath, and make it a new important institutional form to ensure the implementation of the constitution and safeguard its authority and dignity.



  People’s Daily (November 11th, 2014, 06 edition)

200 dollars overlooking Pyongyang! This extravagant North Korean tourism project is on fire.

CCTV News:In recent years, the tourism industry in North Korea has developed rapidly, and various theme tourism projects are increasing day by day. There is an emerging tourist attraction outside the suburbs of Pyongyang, that is, the Merrill Lynch Aviation Club, which was put into operation in 2016. Guests who come here can take a glider to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Pyongyang and enjoy the pleasure of high-altitude viewing.

Six tourist routes launched by Merrill Lynch Aviation Club

 Merrill Lynch Aviation Club has six routes to choose from, including Wanjingtai, Science and Technology Hall and Future Scientist Street in Pyongyang. In addition, guests can choose customized routes according to their own preferences, and the prices vary from high to low from $200 to $20 according to different routes.

 

 Before flying, you need to change your designated flight suit, wear a helmet and accept safety inspection.

Merrill Lynch Aviation Club has more than 20 ultra-light aircraft made by North Korea for tourism, including runway, bleachers and office buildings. Air travel is carried out from early spring to late autumn. The flight route from the aviation club to Wanjingtai is the longest, with a flight time of more than 40 minutes and a price of 200 US dollars. It only takes more than 5 minutes to hover over the airport once, and the price is 20 dollars once. According to local laws and regulations, journalists are not allowed to take equipment to shoot while flying. After the flight, the reporter felt that the flight was relatively stable and Pyongyang was beautiful. Other tourists also praised the flying experience.

 

 Merrill Lynch Aviation Club visitors:Today, when I was flying, I saw the scenery of Pyongyang from the sky. It was so beautiful.

Merrill Lynch air club touristsI feel very cool. I am not flying in a plane from other countries, but in a plane made by ourselves. I am very happy to see the scenery of our country from the air.

Although the price of the aviation club is not cheap for the local people in North Korea, many people still come to experience it. Some units will also organize employees to visit Merrill Lynch Aviation Club.

Li Yinzheng, waiter of Merrill Lynch Aviation Club:We will do our best to provide more and better services for foreign guests and the Korean people in the future.

Personalized flight route, meticulous and considerate service. You can have a panoramic view of Pyongyang by flying in Merrill Lynch Aviation Club. And it will definitely become the next tourist attraction after coming to North Korea.

Is Xiaomi YU7 really Ferrari Purosangue?

Everyone has seen Xiaomi’s new car. Its name is YU7, which is one letter short of SU7. I was still a little confused about why I called this name. As a result, it was expected that the starting price of around 300,000 yuan would be smooth in an instant. It turned out that Xiaomi Yuqi was not aimed at Porsche this time, but at Tesla.

According to the available information, Xiaomi YU7 basically continues the style. The two cars are not exactly the same, but they are not bad. The front face with 99.99% similarity, from the front, is a fuller millet SU7. However, this is only limited to the front face. From the side to the tail, Xiaomi YU7 has gradually fine-tuned the details.

First of all, the most striking thing is the hub shape, which is changed from the original plum hub on Xiaomi SU7 to an ……emmm, which I personally think is really, really, really cheap. What can I say? It’s all right to call it hot wheels. If I choose a nickname, I can call it sports lottery hub directly. It doesn’t match the elegant texture of the whole car, just like Eddie Peng Yuyan’s figure. As a result, when I turned on the light, I found it was Song Xiaobao’s face. Of course, it’s just an analogy. The actual impact is not so great, but it means this.

Secondly, Xiaomi YU7 changed the straight air inlet hole at the fender of Xiaomi SU7 into a curved shape, and also adopted a hidden door handle shape with lower wind resistance and higher integration. Nothing to say, that is, reducing energy consumption and improving face value, praised. However, it should be noted that it is said that the hidden door handle of Xiaomi YU7 is not the mainstream automatic retractable door handle, but an inverted opening method similar to that of Toyota bZ3.

Finally, there is the tail that everyone cares about very much. Let’s not talk about Xiaomi SU7, just compare it with Ferrari, a "brother model". In fact, you will find that these two cars really have a lot in common. First, the design of hollow tail wing+inverted trapezoidal rear suspension window; Second, the rear fender is high and round, and it runs through the duck tail at the back; Third, the concave opening surrounded by the bottom; Therefore, in the end, an old saying was printed, that young people’s first millet YU7 should not be Ferrari Purosangue.

But let’s joke about it. Don’t really think that Xiaomi YU7 can really bring you the handling texture of Ferrari Purosangue. Obviously, from the first 45 angles of the two cars, the posture of Ferrari Purosangue will be much lower, so if everyone is controlling Xiaomi YU7, then it is recommended to put a correct attitude, not asking too much, just asking Xiaomi YU7 to be better and more fun than Model Y.

As for the interior of Xiaomi YU7, although there is no official information exposed now, I believe that everyone has not seen the spy photos exposed before. To sum up, family-style design, but with a remote screen. At present, the color matching that can be known will include "bone snail purple" and "red Dan orange" if there is no accident. And the configuration will be better than Model Y with a probability of 99.99%, including the next-generation Model Y that is still in the camouflage car stage.

So looking at the whole set, what do you think, brothers? Have you reached the standard in your heart? At present, Lei Jun himself revealed in Weibo that Xiaomi YU7 will not meet us so soon. If you want to buy it, you may have to wait until June or July in 2025 before it will be officially listed.

Anyway, I’ve thought about it. If I want to buy a car, the first thing I’ll do when I get it is to change my teeth for shock absorption, so that I can have Xiaomi and Purosangue at the same time.