The short play goes to sea and conquers the "five rings outside" of the world.

"Look, this woman’s name is Xiaomei. After three years of marriage, when she was pregnant, she was once again pulled by love rat’s husband to give Bai Yueguang a blood transfusion, and then she was abandoned by her heart. This little fresh meat is called Xiao Shuai, who appeared beside Xiaomei when she was sad and started a fanatical pursuit; At this point, the ex-husband found Xiaomei’s identity as an invisible rich second generation and tried to save it … "

Familiar settings, familiar plot trends, familiar reversal in less than two minutes, familiar episode after episode makes people feel uncomfortable, but it has a completely unfamiliar "face"-the scenes are all in Europe and America, the actors are all white faces who speak pure English, and the audience watching the drama is mostly from the American market.

In recent months, this 55-episode short play "Never Divorce a Secret Billionaire Heiress" with each episode less than 2 minutes has exploded in the United States. There are also many short plays in North America, the themes of which include werewolves, vampires, and masochism of giants, but the core is very unified, and they are all love stories of "overbearing president falling in love with me".

Surprisingly, these seemingly authentic European and American short plays are actually driven by a China company. ReelShort, which publishes these short plays, is a short play App developed by Crazy Maple Studio, a Chinese online subsidiary of a domestic digital publishing company, mainly for the American market.

From left to right in the top row: the short play Never Divorce a Secret Billionaire Heir, Fate Destined My Taboo Alpha, After being killed by my husband, I was reborn and won the Super Ball Award, and how my boss became my husband.

With the popularity of these short dramas, ReelShort has been ranked wildly in app stores in many countries and regions since July this year. As of November 11th, ReelShort successfully ranked among the top three in the total list of App Store in the United States, Britain and Canada, and became a dark horse application that overshadowed TikTok for a while. According to the statistics of Appfigures, the data analysis platform, its download volume in the first 17 days of November has exceeded 1.9 million, and the cumulative download volume has exceeded 11 million.

ReelShort’s overseas gold-digging ability is also surprising. According to foreign media Techcrunch, on November 11th, its net income after deducting the payment of app store fees was USD 459,000, or about RMB 3.28 million. As of November 17th, the accumulated net income has exceeded USD 22 million, or about RMB 160 million.

This even boosted A-shares, giving birth to a group of popular "short drama concept stocks", and nearly 10 stocks such as Chinese Online, Palm Reading Technology, Shanghai Film and Yaowang Technology ushered in daily limit. As of the close of November 24, the market value of Chinese online has soared by 14.6 billion yuan this month.

ReelShort website home page.

The new cognition that "the whole world has always eaten this set of tyrants" has also made more people see the hope of copying the myth of "eight days to recharge and break through 100 million".

"At present, the overseas market is recharged at around $10 million a month." Liu Jinlong, head of overseas business of Kyushu Culture, told China Newsweek, "If we stand for 3-5 years, we can judge that the global short drama market can reach a market scale of more than 10 billion US dollars."

Since the second half of this year, China’s short plays are drifting to the other side of the ocean more violently. A number of domestic film and television production practitioners told China Newsweek that in recent days, many different types of players have been actively looking for doors to communicate the needs of building short dramas at sea. Including domestic small program drama distributors, long video platforms, film and television companies, web platforms, social platforms, game manufacturers, etc., all flocked; As far as the sea destination is concerned, the North American market is becoming a new battleground for military strategists, and Southeast Asia and the Middle East have also become hot spots for many players to try to develop.

This war, which was originally regarded as "the war outside the Fifth Ring Road", is accelerating to spread around the world.

When Long Aotian turned into Sebastian

"accident."

When it comes to the performance of Chinese-style tyrants’ short plays that exploded overseas, the first reactions of many film and television industry practitioners are basically the same.

After all, since its launch in August last year, ReelShort has tried to transport short plays with high domestic output and soaring recharge income to the sea. However, these short plays, which people can’t help charging money all the time in China, have always been cool, whether it’s the theme of "God of War+Husband-in-law" by men or "overlord+sadomasochism" by love women, have not aroused any splash after hanging English subtitles.

But ReelShort didn’t stop the short play from going to sea. According to Zhang Yi, CEO and chief analyst of Ai Media Consulting, at the end of last year, the ReelShort team headquartered in Silicon Valley began to try a more localized production method, adopting an overseas shooting team, enabling European and American actors, and combining the themes of werewolves and vampires that are more familiar to European and American audiences while retaining the core of China’s popular short plays, so as to create a more localized short play.

As a result, "Long Aotian began to turn into Sebastian and Jackson" and "Leng Bingning turned into Selena and Aliya" in the Chinese short play, and continued to complete the sweet and abusive two-way trip again and again in a more European and American setting.

The European and American-style "local flavor" short drama, which was packaged locally and lasted less than 2 minutes per episode, did attract more and more local users through the promotion on social media platforms such as TikTok and Facebook in the following six months.

Take ReelShort’s explosive short drama "Fated to My Forbidden Alpha" at the top of TikTok’s homepage as an example. The first 20 episodes of the drama released on TikTok have received more than 60 million broadcasts, and the maximum broadcast volume of a single episode exceeds 30 million; There are many praises in the comment area, such as "I want to watch more" and "I feel like watching Twilight", and many people are asking where I can watch the complete series.

Following the official guidance in the comment area, the audience who wanted to know how the female host became stronger after being abused at the beginning, how she would distinguish the right man and have a vigorous love affair with him naturally chose to download the App, and then began to unlock the remaining 59 episodes except the trailer and the first episode by watching advertisements or paying fees. Even after watching 20 episodes on TikTok, they can only unlock them from the second episode one by one. Judging from the details page of ReelShort, the play has been played more than 100 million times on the App.

After running through the mode, ReelShort launched more short plays around the four themes of "Love After Marriage", "Falling for the Alpha", "Sweet Revenge" and "Dating My Boss", and more explosions were born one after another.

With the birth of short dramas that exploded in the sea, the golden attraction of domestic short dramas began to appear in ReelShort App. As can be seen from some comments, overseas audiences are also spitting out the cliche of the plot, but at the same time they can’t help but spend money to unlock it-after all, just after watching the hostess, she got a slap in the face with a vicious female partner, so angry that she had to "continue to spend money to watch the drama" to solve her own confusion.

According to Appfigures data, ReelShort generates an average income of about $2 every time a user downloads it. Specifically, according to China Newsweek’s incomplete statistics, the single episode of its short plays is priced at 50-80 recharge coins, and the number of episodes is generally around 50-60. According to the recharge rules, it often costs nearly $20 or even more to catch up with a play, and the price of Binet.Alfred Flying Standard Edition members is even higher at $15.49 per month.

Above: The short play "Dangerous Contract: Let Me Go, Mr. CEO" was launched in Malaysia. Figure/Shanghai Fanku Media

Bottom left and bottom right: The shooting scene of an overseas short play produced by China Company. Figure/Kyushu culture

By July of this year, ReelShort ushered in its first peak with this set of play. According to the data of the analysis platform SensorTower, in July this year, the total downloads of ReelShort on GooglePlay and App Store reached 1.9 million times, and the monthly flow reached 6 million dollars-which means that the average daily paid income can reach 1.4 million yuan.

Although it can’t be compared with the domestic full-platform paid short play with an average daily recharge consumption of 60 million yuan, the rise of ReelShort at this stage has made many practitioners "suddenly wake up"-it turns out that it is not that the bully has no overseas appeal, but needs to change his skin. "The psychological needs of audiences in different countries are similar. If you want to go to sea successfully, you need to be more connected with Europe and the United States." Niu Jing, a producer of a film and television company in Beijing, told China Newsweek.

In the final analysis, being able to dream a dream that can’t be realized in reality with a sense of substitution is becoming more and more universal for the global audience. Nowadays, in addition to the "overbearing president’s global take-all", the theme preference of short plays at sea in different regions has been revealed. For example, European and American audiences prefer dramatic and high visual impact works such as werewolves and vampires, while the Middle East likes cool dramas, while Southeast Asia prefers sweet pets and sadomasochism.

In Zhang Yi’s view, the essence of short plays is to meet people’s spiritual and cultural needs, but only to meet people’s immediate and fragmented entertainment needs in a low-cost way, which has the ability to cross social status, class and country. At the same time, with the increase of work pressure, this demand is generally more and more obvious.

It is precisely because of this that Chinese-style short plays have exploded overseas, which coincides with the view that the short video "works can resonate and it will naturally become popular" mentioned by TikTok CEO Zhou Zi in an exclusive interview with the founder of TED not long ago.

However, in the European and American domestic markets, the content and form of short plays were blank. And blank means opportunity.

The short play went to sea at the right time.

The wind of the short play going out to sea is not blown out of thin air. Many interviewees believe that nowadays, China’s short plays have many basic conditions for going to sea.

On the one hand, although it has not been born for a long time, the domestic short play market has gradually matured. "After many Internet companies have developed to a certain stage in China, they will naturally copy this business model overseas quickly." Liu Jinlong told China Newsweek.

Since the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television added a "network mini-short drama" section to the filing system at the end of 2020, the domestic short drama market has entered a period of rapid development, the industrial chain and its industrialized and streamlined collaborative production mode have been relatively mature, and the business model has also been verified by the market. This is also the origin of the short drama becoming the myth of "shooting in one week, exceeding 100 million in eight days".

The domestic short play market is also growing with the trend of breaking bamboo. According to the consulting report of Ai Media, in 2023, the market size of China miniseries is expected to reach 37.39 billion yuan, up 267.65% year on year. Zhang Yi believes that under the background that the spiritual life pursued by people is basically the same, short plays can make sense in the domestic market with a population of 1.4 billion, and they can also make sense globally. Moreover, even if overseas players have corresponding layouts, domestic short drama related practitioners have more advantages in cost efficiency.

"Short plays really need a lot of manpower, time and energy to do, and the China team is really much more competitive in this respect." Chen Xiufeng, co-founder and chief producer of Shanghai Fanku Culture Media Co., Ltd. also said.

On the other hand, short plays are essentially short video products of online novels. Previously, China’s online writing successfully went to sea, and in the long years of the past 20 years, it cultivated a large number of overseas audiences’ preferences for online novels such as Ba Zong, Sadism, Fantasy, Xiu Zhen and Xian Xia, which laid an audience foundation for short plays and provided a rich and market-proven IP source reserve for short plays. Since then, TikTok has continuously expanded its territory, allowing the world to open the short video era one after another, providing a more direct infrastructure for the promotion and transformation of short plays.

The shooting scene of the short play Revenge After Diverce: The Secret Heiress. Figure/Kyushu culture

Since the beginning of this year, the "volume" of the domestic short drama market has accelerated the pace of short drama practitioners going to sea. "Before the writers, actors, directors and other creative teams didn’t work, the quotations were very low. Now there are more projects, and everyone’s quotations are also rising." Yan Xiufeng introduced. At the same time, the audience’s demand for short plays is getting higher and higher, which also makes the production cost of short plays in China keep rising. "In the male frequency category, the cost of many short plays with a collective volume of 100% has reached the level of one million yuan, and the cost of female costume dramas has also risen to 600,000 ~ 800,000 yuan, and the cost of modern dramas is at least about 400,000 yuan."

A staff member of a small drama distributor, who asked not to be named, said that coupled with the rising cost of streaming (that is, advertising), platforms such as Tik Tok and WeChat also began to charge channel fees, and the profit margin left for short drama enterprises was becoming smaller and smaller.

Li Tao, the producer of the explosive short play "Wushuang" which set a record for the top-up of short plays this year, and the founder of Xi ‘an Fenghang Company, once calculated an account for the media: "Small programs and short plays rely heavily on investment expenditure, which is calculated according to the industry average ROI (return on investment) standard of 1.2. Assuming that the investment is 100 million yuan, its profit will not exceed 20 million yuan, including manpower and shooting costs. After deduction, the net profit is about several million yuan, and then it is divided by the upstream and downstream participants such as the small program platform and the contractor. "

At the same time, with the continuous upgrading of the supervision and governance of the industry by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, domestic short plays also need to embark on the road of quality and innovation, and the barbaric growth in the past will no longer exist, and the choice of themes will be greatly restricted.

Under all kinds of anxiety, facing the blue ocean market, the upsurge of short plays going to sea has now surged.

When she visited Hengdian in October this year, Niu Jing found that Hengdian was building a real-life shed of European and American style. A staff member of Shanghai European and American studios also introduced that its European and American shed was welcoming more short drama crews with foreign actors. It can also be observed from social media platforms such as Little Red Book that a number of overseas Chinese shooting teams in the United States, Britain and other western countries have opened accounts to show their shooting cases, looking forward to cooperating with domestic platforms for short drama projects.

A number of domestic film and television production practitioners told China Newsweek that in the past six months, there have been several platforms to select topics and scripts for short dramas going to sea, and companies are invited to shoot and produce them, and the basic themes are all related to women’s love. A short drama producer in the United States posted on social media that he had been communicating with Party A’s platform every day for half a year, and the shooting schedule was always full, without a day off.

"Some platforms are slowly on track, some may just be doing apps, and some will be online soon." After talking with a number of platforms about cooperation in the sea, Yan Xiufeng concluded, "It is certain that there will be more and more platforms going out to sea, and everyone’s enthusiasm is very high."

Outside the short drama platform, more and more different types of players are joining the short drama to the sea. According to Liu Jinlong, at present, companies in different fields, including iQiyi, Youku, Tencent Video, Lemon Film, Huace Film, and even Alipay, all have short drama-related actions, or are developing overseas short drama apps or contacting overseas teams to prepare for shooting.

According to the incomplete statistics of China Newsweek, since the beginning of this year, several domestic-made short drama apps have been launched overseas, such as GoodShort, MoboReels, the social platform of Chizi City, 99TV and ShortTV, the domestic small drama platforms of Kyushu Culture.

Rebuilding localization assembly line

At present, most short drama platforms going out to sea are taking the North American market as the main position to go out to sea.

On the one hand, the themes that domestic short plays are good at have been recognized by North American users, and there is much room for them from the perspective of content; On the other hand, "many platforms have been tested in small batches and found that the payment effect in the US market will be better". During the communication with the platform, Chen Xiufeng learned that the success of ReelShort can also be used as a verification.

This logic is not difficult to understand. "Under the same investment, team size and cycle, the input-output ratio in the North American market will be higher, and short plays similar to American dramas are the product of globalization, which can be distributed to any part of the world and cover global users." Liu Jinlong explained, "At the same time, for this group of people who go to sea, of course, we also hope that our content and model can occupy a place in a cultural and capital highland with Netflix and Disney."

Of course, this does not mean that there are no opportunities for gold diggers outside the North American market. Southeast Asia, which is closer to China’s culture, and the Middle East, where users have higher incomes, especially the latter, are also becoming hot spots for domestic players.

The shooting scene of an overseas short play produced by China Company. Figure/Kyushu culture

According to Liu Jinlong, countries in the Middle East have higher incomes, while women who are in a weak position in social rights are more eager to be cured in the content of love, so domestic female frequency content is also generally welcomed by users in this region, and the competition is not as fierce as that in North America and Southeast Asia; Although the paid income in Southeast Asia is limited, the input cost is relatively low, and cultural similarity may also attract higher traffic, which will be realized through traffic.

For different markets, short plays have derived different models. Take Kyushu culture as an example, its ShortTV, which is mainly oriented to the English market, has two main sources of short plays: First, the theme and domestic short plays suitable for the European and American markets are translated and re-dubbed, and then put on the platform. "It may have been felt that it would be difficult for China’s film and television dramas to enter the European and American markets, but in fact, our (translated) short plays have already got very good payment data." Liu Jinlong said.

The second category is that after purchasing the appropriate novel IP for the European and American markets, our own and cooperative scriptwriters will adapt the short play script, and after the script is finalized, we will contact local teams in overseas countries such as the United States, Europe, Australia and Malaysia to shoot and produce it. This is also the more mainstream way for short play platforms facing the European and American markets, such as ReelShort and GoodShort.

In addition, there is another kind specially designed for Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas Chinese. Kyushu culture is mainly aimed at the short plays of global Chinese in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, Southeast Asia and other regions, App 99TV basically puts domestic short plays and traditional Chinese characters on the line directly behind the scenes.

Niu Jing is about to start three short drama projects at sea, using the way of shooting in domestic European and American style studios and looking for foreign actors to shoot in China. Although this method is not as strong as overseas shooting in localization, it is better than translating short plays; The production cost is higher and the cycle is longer than that of the translated short play, but it is more controllable than that of overseas shooting.

Liu Jinlong introduced that at present, the production cost of ShortTV’s overseas short plays started at 150,000 US dollars. According to Xiaguang News Agency, the production budget of a short play in ReelShort can reach $200,000. In Niu Jing’s calculation, the cost of his short drama about to start shooting in Shanghai is about $120,000.

In addition to the above three methods, some AI technology suppliers are also entering the short play sea track, providing short play platforms and producers with AI capabilities such as script development, short play face changing-replacing Asian faces with European and American faces, intelligent dubbing and dynamic mouth adaptation. "We are now working with several technical teams to integrate the application of AI in film and television, trying to see if we can directly adjust some short plays we already have and move them overseas, so that the efficiency will be higher and the cost will be saved a lot." Yan Xiufeng said.

Like domestic short plays, short plays at sea are mainly promoted by streaming, the only difference is that the delivery platform is switched to Facebook, TikTok, Google search, YouTube and so on. "At present, the cost of obtaining customers overseas for the whole industry is about US$ 5, which is lower than the cost of a domestic paying user of 100~200 yuan." Liu Jinlong told China Newsweek.

In terms of business model, the short drama App currently going out to sea generally relies on two major revenues: payment and advertising. The proportion of the two is quite different in different countries and regions.

According to Liu Jinlong, in countries such as the United States where users have strong ability to pay, the short drama episodes on the ShortTV platform are generally priced at around $0.3; In the Philippines, Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries, considering the local income level, the single episode pricing has dropped to about $0.1, and more activities to watch the advertisement unlock have been promoted, thus "allowing more users with weak payment ability to brush more dramas".

In addition to these two mainstream business models, GoodShort also tried the subscription system, and public information shows that its membership fee ranges from 99.99 US dollars to 399.99 US dollars.

Can you copy the "myth of getting rich"

As the form of short plays is accepted by overseas audiences, the affordability of different regions has been verified. Does it mean that the "rich myth" of domestic short plays can be replicated overseas?

As far as this initial stage is concerned, there are still many challenges in front of players who are actively going out to sea.

From the perspective of content supply, the form of overseas local short drama shooting is constantly raising the production cost and cycle. On the one hand, it is a problem how to calibrate the script of the short play at sea more locally as the source. According to Liu Jinlong, at present, Kyushu Culture has re-recruited a batch of screenwriters for the overseas projects, basically all of whom are required to have a background of studying abroad, be familiar with European and American markets and have strong scriptwriting skills, or be high-quality editors in the process of going to sea. After the initial adaptation of the IP of overseas novels, these editors need to polish the cultural differences, colloquialism and other details of the script together with the directors and screenwriters of overseas production teams, which takes two or three months at present.

In the shooting process, whether shooting overseas or in China, "the unit price of foreign actors will be much higher, and foreign actors can generally only accept 8-12 hours of work a day. Previously, domestic short drama crews were shooting for about 15 or 16 hours a day." Yan Xiufeng introduced.

"Overseas market users attach great importance to the light and shadow effect, so we all adopt the film production team in the short drama project, and strive to approach the picture quality of European and American film and television dramas." Niu Jing also mentioned that at present, the production cost of this form of short drama at sea is more than three times that of domestic short drama, and the shooting cycle takes 10~15 days, while the domestic short drama with a collective volume of 100 is generally completed in about one week.

All the above problems will directly affect the frequency and sustainability of content supply on the platform. According to public information, at present, ReelShort updates two short plays about a month, and there are only more than 20 short plays in the whole platform; ShortTV currently updates 3~5 overseas short plays every month, and currently updates 10 short plays. According to De Tawen’s Micro-Short Plays Market Report for the First Half of 2023, there were 481 new short plays in China in the first half of 2023, and the number of short plays going out to sea at this stage was much less.

Under the condition of low update frequency, it may not be so easy for short drama players to go to sea frequently and create more explosive short dramas in the face of changing user needs. Whether this will affect the long-term payment performance of customers and overseas users, and whether the platform can greatly improve the content supply capacity as the production mode and market of short plays at sea become more and more mature, all kinds of challenges are imminent.

What directly affects the liquidity is that it still takes time to test the efficiency of the short play at sea.

Different from the domestic link that can directly jump to the paid viewing of small drama from TikTok platform, there is no ecological base for small drama in overseas markets. At present, after publishing advertising materials on social media platforms such as Facebook and Tiktok, short drama platforms need to guide users to jump to the App store to download the App, and then enter the app to register and pay for viewing after logging in. The intermediate link is longer, which will lead to more traffic loss.

At present, although the cost of getting customers overseas is lower than that in China, according to Liu Jinlong, domestic short plays can be directly reflected in the top-up income on the same day. However, if you make an independent App overseas, you can’t directly see the income feedback brought by the investment on the same day. "It may take one week, two weeks or even one month for an overseas drama to sell at the box office." However, from the perspective of ROI (Return on Investment), this will inevitably mean higher requirements for users’ ability to pay continuously. Together, these two are the hidden worries on the road of realizing short plays in the sea.

In addition to the liquidity, problems such as the difference in the degree of copyright protection at home and abroad, the difference in the convenience of payment, etc. are also problems that all short-play players have to face and overcome one by one. At the same time, players, including small drama platforms and social platforms, have to face the competition situation in which upstream IP accumulates more abundant online platforms and kills them with a higher posture.

Can short plays go to sea become a new and good business to make money? Standing in the moment, no one can answer this question. As Chen Xiufeng said, "Everything about the short play at sea has just started, and it is still in the exploratory stage". The only certainty is that people who have entered, are entering and are about to enter the game believe in the vast space for short plays to go to sea.

Published in China Newsweek magazine, No.1119, December 4, 2023.

Magazine title: "Ba Zong" short play goes to sea.

journalist: Shi Hanxu

　　In the first 10 months, the growth rate of used car trading volume was 14.3 percentage points higher than that of new car sales. From the development history of developed countries, the volume of used cars in the United States, Germany and other automobile countries has been more than twice that of new cars; On the other hand, the trading volume of used cars in China is still less than half of the sales volume of new cars, which fully shows the future development potential of China’s used car market. With the entry of e-commerce platform, problems such as integrity that hindered the development of used car market in the past are expected to be solved — —

　　While the new car market is weak, the used car market has ushered in spring. A few days ago, statistics from china automobile dealers association showed that the national second-hand car transaction volume was 1.267 million in October, up 7.3% year-on-year. In the first 10 months, a total of 11.853 million used cars were traded, up 4.6% year-on-year. The growth rate of used car trading volume was 14.3 percentage points higher than that of new car sales. Experts said that the used car market continued its good trend of "Golden September and Silver 10" in October, and the market prospect was promising.

　　The stock market will dominate.

　　The automobile industry has always been hailed as a "macroeconomic stabilizer", which not only plays an important role in upstream manufacturing, but also plays a significant role in downstream industries such as finance, insurance, maintenance, tourism and catering. Authoritative data show that the contribution rate of automobile consumption to the year-on-year growth rate of retail sales of social consumer goods can reach 20%. With the slowdown of new car consumption, promoting the circulation of used cars has become one of the important means to expand domestic demand.

　　It is understood that the world’s major automobile countries have a huge used car market far exceeding the sales of new cars. During the ten years from 1986 to 1996, the sales of new cars of the top 500 retailers in the United States decreased by 8.8%, but the sales of used cars increased by 40%. Since 1990, the annual transaction volume of used cars in the United States has been stable between 40 million and 45 million, which is about three times that of new cars. The average price of each used car is about $16,500. From this calculation, the annual used car market in the United States is about $600 billion to $700 billion.

　　In recent ten years, the volume of used cars in Germany has been more than twice that of new cars, and the ratio in South Korea and Japan is basically stable at 1.45∶1. At the same time, the penetration rate of German auto finance reached 76.7% in 2017.

　　From 2009 to 2018, the transaction volume of used cars in China increased from 3.8 million to 13.82 million, nearly tripling in 10 years, with a strong development momentum; However, compared with the sales of 28.1 million new cars in 2018, the transaction volume of used cars is still less than half of that of new cars, which shows that there is still much room for development in China’s used car market. In the past eight years, the compound annual growth rate of used car transactions has also exceeded 22%; It is estimated that the transaction volume of used cars is expected to exceed 1 trillion yuan this year.

　　The insiders believe that according to the development of automobile industry in developed countries and the increasing trend of new car ownership in China, there is still room for growth of automobile consumption in China in the future, but the growth rate will gradually slow down; The dominant force will shift from the incremental market dominated by new car sales to the stock market dominated by used car circulation.

　　Lack of integrity hinders the release of potential

　　In recent years, relevant departments have jointly issued favorable policies to encourage the consumption of used cars for many times, so as to stimulate the growth of market capacity and protect the development of the used car market from the policy level. A few days ago, the State Council issued "Guiding Opinions on Further Expanding and Upgrading Information Consumption to Release the Potential of Domestic Demand", which clearly put forward new formats and models to encourage the establishment of online and offline omni-channel and format-integrated experiential consumption scenarios, so as to effectively release market vitality and consumer demand. In addition, in promoting the circulation of used cars, the implementation of the policy of completely canceling the restrictions on the movement of used cars has also been mentioned many times, further stimulating the consumption of used cars from all aspects.

　　At present, if the owner wants to transfer the used car, there are roughly the following ways: First, transfer it to someone he knows, also known as "acquaintance transaction"; The second is to replace new cars through 4S stores; The third is the offline used car market transaction. Among them, because of the short transaction time and high proportion in the second-hand car market, the sale time and procedures are more convenient, which is the mainstream second-hand car trading method at present.

　　However, due to the uniqueness of used car products and the imperfect market supervision system and policy norms, the business philosophy, trading model and market environment are very backward. In the traditional offline second-hand car trading market, there are often some "black car dealers", and dishonest behaviors such as trading fraud, concealing car condition and profiteering are common, which not only damages consumers’ rights and interests, but also brings serious security risks to users and road traffic.

　　According to the statistics of china automobile dealers association, there are more than 150,000 used car dealers at present, and the average annual transaction volume of each car is less than 100. The fragmented transaction has seriously hindered the large-scale development of the industry. In addition, due to the asymmetric information between buyers and sellers and the lack of transparency in car condition and price, users have great distrust of traditional used car transactions, which seriously affects the overall reputation and reputation of the used car industry and the release of the potential of the used car market.

　　E-commerce platform cracks "pain points"

　　In recent years, the booming of second-hand car e-commerce has made it possible to break through the "bottleneck" of the above industries, which has boosted the accelerated development of China’s second-hand car market. Taking the second-hand car of melon seeds as an example, the new technologies, new formats and new models based on the platform economy have infiltrated and reconstructed the traditional industrial structure, and made efforts to solve the "pain points" of the industry and better protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. At the same time, the platform itself has also achieved rapid development.

　　Feng Hua, director of the Institute of Service Economy and Emerging Industries of Beijing Jiaotong University, believes that in the era of new Internet economy, automobile trading has entered a new stage of the development of platform economy, and the national unified second-hand car trading platform will inevitably rise rapidly. The industrial ecology formed on the basis of the platform, the leading enterprises in the industry are the organizers and leaders of the platform, which is meaningful to the standardization and innovation of the whole industry and will effectively promote the standardized and high-quality development of the used car market.

　　Feng Hua said that the Internet platform has the following promoting effects on the traditional used car industry. First, it promotes the transparency of the industry. Through the application of big data and artificial intelligence technology, Internet platform enterprises have built a trading mode with transparent vehicle conditions and standardized pricing. The second is to accelerate cross-regional automobile circulation. Internet can easily break the physical space restrictions, effectively gather vehicle sources, and build related infrastructure such as logistics and equipment, which can more effectively promote cross-regional automobile circulation. The third is to enhance the industrial value. Compared with the traditional second-hand car trading, the internet platform has transformed the second-hand car trading from low-frequency trading to high-frequency service by building and improving the ecological service chain, greatly improving quality and efficiency.

　　In addition, compared with traditional formats, Internet platforms have more incentive to strengthen their own responsibilities and protect consumers’ rights and interests. Xiong Bingwan, a researcher at the Institute of Future Rule of Law of Renmin University of China, said that platforms have market attributes, and platform operators should not only cultivate and operate the market, but also have the responsibility to carry out market supervision. For example, the platform should review the access of merchants, design the platform agreement, carry out credit management for settled merchants, deal with illegal behaviors of merchants, resolve consumer disputes, persuade bad merchants, and so on. In fact, the platform itself has the motivation and ability to play a self-regulatory role in platform affairs.

　　Experts said that the overall market size of the used car industry is huge. At present, the penetration rate of used car e-commerce in the whole used car industry is low, and it is still in the early stage of development, which has huge room for development. At present, China’s second-hand car market is in disorder, in fact, in the United States and Japan and other countries with mature second-hand car industry. In the future, with the gradual improvement of the second-hand car testing system and trading system, China’s second-hand car e-commerce and second-hand car market are also expected to mature.

The reporter looked at more than a dozen false eyelash products in the market and found that these products were not marked with production standards, and some even did not indicate the manufacturers. The reporter learned that false eyelashes have a recommended industry standard "QB/T 5774-2022 False Eyelashes for Hair Products". Qin Zhaoxia, technical director of Beijing Mass Spectrometry Technology Company, told reporters that the standard regulates the production of false eyelashes from the aspects of appearance quality, material testing and microbial limit testing. But this is a recommended standard, and enterprises will not violate the rules if they don’t implement it.

Comparison of Pictures before and after the Restoration of Song of Youth; Comparison of Pictures before and after the Restoration of San Mao’s Wandering Story Film Movie Warehouse

　　Photo courtesy of this edition: Huaxia Film Movie

　　A film "founding ceremony" brought the proper term "4K repair" into readers’ sight. How have the old films been preserved to the present, and how have they revealed their new features through 4K restoration technology? Recently, Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu news reporter contacted Chen Xinxin, general manager of Jiangsu Huaxia Film Restoration Technology Co., Ltd. in Rugao, to deeply analyze the "old craftsmanship" of film physical restoration and the high technology of digital restoration.

　　Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu News reporter Liu Liyuan

　　Why repair?

　　Digital means of collecting documentaries of Yangtze River Bridge to spread precious images

　　The Yangzi Evening News reporter learned in the interview that there are not many domestic institutions that have mastered the film restoration technology at present, but in Jiangsu, the number and scale of Huaxia film films in the old film-related collections, the technical strength and technical ability of the film restoration team are in a leading position, and there are only a handful in the country; In addition, Huaxia Film Film is the only company in China that has expanded the full range of digital restoration business in audio-visual archives.

　　At present, Huaxia Film Film has collected more than 20,000 film materials, and digitally restored a large number of excellent film films and documentaries, including furong town, a masterpiece directed by Xie Jin, and Ruan Lingyu, a precious documentary about Ruan Lingyu’s life.

　　Chen Xinxin told reporters that while carrying out digital restoration, the preservation of film movies is also their very important work. "We have invested a lot of energy in environmental management such as constant temperature and humidity, as well as digital storage management. In fact, as long as the method is reasonable, film movies can keep clear pictures for a long time."

　　"Film movies, especially documentaries, have left real images of the past and are very precious historical materials." Chen Xinxin said that Huaxia Film Film has collected a large number of regional documentaries with local characteristics, such as the opening of Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and the development of Suzhou silk industry. Two documentaries, Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and Construction Technology of Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, were filmed by the Central News Recording Film Studio in the 1960s. Huaxia Film Film began digital restoration of these two documentaries last year, and now the restoration work has been completed. Chen Xinxin said that due to copyright reasons, these two documentaries are not currently online on the video platform. Next month, the private archives of Huaxia Film Film Film Construction — — Jiangsu Film Archives Exhibition Hall is officially opened. At that time, citizens can watch these two documentaries and consult other documentaries and information pieces.

　　How is the wonderful rejuvenation done?

　　Are you still using the "old craft" to repair the film?

　　New technology "blessing", cleaning method is similar to tooth washing.

　　Chen Xinxin told reporters that the restoration of old movies is mainly divided into three stages: physical restoration, digital scanning and digital restoration.

　　"Physical repair is the most basic link. The more effort you spend in the physical repair stage, the less pressure you will have in the following process." Chen Xinxin said that physical repair is to repair the film itself with equipment or manpower. For example, the film is oily or dusty, and it is broken because of excessive dryness and stuck together because of excessive humidity.

　　The physical restoration of film is an "old craft" similar to the restoration of cultural relics. However, the technological content of this process is getting higher and higher. Chen Xinxin, for example, the conventional film cleaning still stays in the manual stage, wiping the dust with water or solvent, while Huaxia Film Film Film introduced a series of cleaning equipment, the principle of which is similar to that of tooth cleaning, using ultrasonic method to shake off oil and dust. Compared with manual dust removal, the cleanliness of ultrasonic dust removal can be improved by more than one time. The polishing equipment of films is equally powerful: some films have deep scratches, and after "polishing" by the polishing equipment, the scratches can be smoothed without damaging the picture.

　　What about the badly damaged picture?

　　What is completely unclear can only be guessed, and it is necessary to "repair the old as the old"

　　In the first half of this year, Huaxia Film Co., Ltd. and Iqiyi Film Co., Ltd. jointly restored the old film "San Mao Wandering". The black-and-white film, which started shooting in 1948, was badly worn, and it took more than 20 members of Huaxia Film Film Team two and a half months to complete the 4K restoration work. In June, the restored film appeared in the 22nd Shanghai International Film Festival "Memory of Light and Shadow, Classic of the Times: Special Film Festival for the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of New China".

　　Chen Xinxin said that after physical restoration, the film was scanned into digital format with professional instruments and equipment, and then it entered the digital restoration stage, which mainly used professional software to remove the content that should not exist. The process sounds simple, in fact, the content of software repair needs manual comparison. A movie usually has hundreds of thousands of frames, and each frame has to be compared twice by human eyes.

　　Some pictures in San Mao’s Wandering Tale are seriously damaged. For some pictures whose faces and movements are unclear, the staff can only combine the previous frame and the next frame with the recognition function of the repair software to "make" the original damaged pictures and make them complete. In order to ensure that the restoration can be true and restored, there are usually professional film review staff in the process of film restoration to ensure that the picture and sound of the film are not much different from the original film.

　　Is the old movie "born" ambiguous?

　　With the help of 4k technology, the clarity is "found" back.

　　Both San Mao’s Wandering Tale and the upcoming founding ceremony have been restored in 4K. "The so-called 4K means that the resolution is 4096×2160."

　　In many people’s impressions, old movies mean blurred pictures, but Chen Xinxin told reporters that film movies are physical imaging, and their own resolution can reach 6.5K, which is higher than the current ordinary 2K digital movies. Some films shot with 70mm film can even reach 8K resolution.

　　Most people’s impression of old movies comes from the video tapes converted in the 1980s and 1990s. At that time, due to the technical limitations, the converted pictures can only achieve the effect of quasi-standard definition (lower than the resolution of 1280×720), and the projection effect on TV will be almost poor. Digitally restored old movies can generally reach the resolution of 2K, and with the gradual maturity of 4K technology, more old movies are directly converted into clearer 4K versions, and TVs, mobile terminals and cinemas can access materials as needed.

　　Feelings are not old

　　Those "stubborn" directors should use the film texture to keep the details.

　　Nowadays, mainstream cinemas are showing digital movies. "The main reason why digital movies are gradually replacing film movies is cost." Chen Xinxin said that the film was "scrapped" after being used once. If the actor NG, shooting again and again is "burning money" again and again, and it costs money to finish developing the film. As long as you buy a good digital camera, you can shoot indefinitely.

　　However, there are still a group of directors at home and abroad who "stubbornly" shoot films with film and pursue "film texture". For example, Nie Yinniang the Assassin directed by Hou Xiaoxian and Inception directed by Christopher Nolan are excellent films. "Film movies are physical imaging, not piled up by pixels. Compared with digital movies, they are more realistic, more restored and have stronger contrast, and more picture details and colors are preserved."

　　The future is not old.

　　From frame 24 to frame 120, Ang Lee returned with "ambition"

　　Next month, the new film "Gemini Man" directed by Ang Lee will be released, which is Ang Lee’s second film with a 120-frame version.

　　In 2016, director Ang Lee completed his first 120-frame film "Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk", which made some audiences experience the ultimate movie-watching experience in 120-frame, 4K and 3D versions for the first time.

　　Chen Xinxin introduced that ordinary movies and TV plays 24 or 25 frames per second. According to the visual retention characteristics of human eyes, 24 frames per second can ensure that we can’t see the action interval. However, if we pause the video during the action picture, we will find that the picture from shot A to shot B is "pasted", which is because there are too few frames to capture a certain point. The more frames of video per second, the more details there are, and the fluency of video will be greatly improved. Coupled with the clear picture of 4K camera, 4K and 120-frame movies can provide viewers with a subversive viewing experience.

What are cytokines?

Cytokines are a kind of multifunctional, low molecular weight and secretory protein, which can reach other parts of the body more easily through blood and lymph circulation, such as kidney, liver, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes. When the body is infected by pathogenic microorganisms, immune cells, epithelial cells at the infected site and vascular/lymphatic endothelial cells will produce a variety of cytokines, which will call immune cells to the infected site and jointly form a defense response to clear the infection.

Cytokines can be divided into two categories: one is pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can help activate many kinds of immune cells and promote the occurrence and development of inflammatory reactions. The second type is anti-inflammatory cytokines, which, as the name implies, can subside or inhibit inflammatory reaction and make the body return to steady state.

When infected by pathogenic microorganisms, various cytokines released by immune cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, etc. act on receptors on the surfaces of other cells to establish a network of cytokines and even various immune cells, and accurately and timely regulate the process and degree of anti-infection immune response. When the body uses cytokines and other immune effector molecules to remove pathogenic microorganisms, the inflammatory reaction subsides and the body returns to steady state.

For example, IL-6 can not only promote the expression of IL-1β and TNFα-α, but also help other lymphocytes to activate, or recruit more neutrophils and macrophages to accumulate in infected tissues. Cells (such as regulatory T cells, Treg) and cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) that can antagonize or inhibit inflammation play an important role in the regression period of inflammatory reaction.

The main types of cytokines include interleukin ,IL), interferon ,IFN), chemokine ,CK), tumor necroptosis factor ,TNF), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family and colony-stimulating factor ,CSF).

Why detect cytokines?

Cytokines are involved in immune and inflammatory reactions of the body, which are very sensitive inflammatory indicators. Dynamic monitoring of cytokine levels in the process of disease development can timely find the tendency of disease to get worse, treat it in time, avoid or reduce the risk of deterioration of the disease, achieve "no serious treatment" and improve the effective rate of clinical treatment.

At present, the joint detection of cytokines includes six, seven, twelve and fourteen items, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17 and TNF-α.

Combined detection is helpful for clinical realization:

1.Auxiliary diagnosis of early infection, timely guidance of treatment, to avoid the deterioration of the disease; Evaluate the efficacy earlier and avoid overtreatment.

2. Identify the source of infection

Studies have shown that cytokines will increase and change in different degrees when infected by bacteria and viruses. When the relevant cytokines exceed the critical value, they can be used as the basis for identifying the source of infection.

3. Early warning of cytokine storm and timely treatment can improve the survival rate of critically ill patients.

Sepsis, severe infection, hemophagocytic syndrome, tumor immunotherapy, fever to be investigated, rare mutant virus infection or patients undergoing major surgery can all cause cytokine storms. Monitoring cytokines and timely treatment can improve the survival rate of critically ill patients.

4. Evaluate the inflammatory and immune status of the body (SIRS/CARS/MARS) and provide accurate treatment.

Severe patients may have three inflammatory/immune states: SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome), CARS (Antagonistic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) and MARS (Mixed Antagonistic Response Syndrome). Monitoring the level of cytokines in critically ill patients is helpful to distinguish the immune/inflammatory state and provide accurate treatment.

5. Monitor the immune function of critically ill patients.

Severe patients generally have severe infection or inflammation. Under normal immune function, pro-inflammatory cytokines will increase significantly. If cytokines in severe patients do not increase or slightly increase, but CRP or white blood cells increase significantly, it indicates that patients’ immune function is inhibited.

6. Early warning of abortion and pre-eclampsia risk

Normal pregnancy requires the maternal immune system to recognize the fetal antigen from the father and produce immune tolerance. If the immune tolerance microenvironment is out of balance, it will lead to abortion. Therefore, the detection of cytokines can evaluate the risk of abortion of pregnant women and the clinical therapeutic effect of some infertile patients.

7. Guide the clinical application of hormones/anti-inflammatory drugs to avoid excessive dosage and lead to excessive immunosuppression.

Patients with strong inflammatory reaction need hormone therapy, but too high dose of hormone/anti-inflammatory drugs can easily lead to low immune function. Detection of cytokines can evaluate the immune function of the body, guide clinical dose adjustment, and reduce the risk of secondary infection caused by hormone/anti-inflammatory drugs.

8. Autoimmune disease condition/efficacy monitoring

The pathological injury mechanism of autoimmune diseases is inflammatory reaction, and cytokines play an important role in the pathological injury process of autoimmune diseases, such as IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in rheumatoid arthritis. By monitoring the changes of cytokines, the therapeutic effect and condition of autoimmune diseases can be evaluated.

9. Monitor the progress/prognosis and curative effect of inflammation caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy/immunotherapy/postoperative.

After chemotherapy or immunotherapy, tumor patients will lead to an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to a strong inflammatory response. Detection of cytokine levels can evaluate the severity of inflammatory response caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

At present, the immunotherapy effect of PD-1 or CAR-T on tumors has been recognized by clinical experts and patients, but at the same time, there are serious clinical adverse reactions, among which the highest and most serious one is cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS is characterized by a large increase of multiple cytokines, with a single cytokine increasing by more than 250 times and two or more cytokines increasing by more than 75 times, which indicates the occurrence of CRS.

Excluding infection, if the level of Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α) increases, it indicates that the tumor condition is getting better or the treatment scheme is effective. If the level of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) is increased, it indicates that the tumor is progressing or the treatment scheme is ineffective.

summarize

As a sensitive inflammatory index, the imbalance of cytokine expression and regulation is related to the occurrence and development of many diseases, which has a wide range of application values in clinical departments and is an ideal monitoring index for precision medical treatment and personalized treatment.

END

WenzhanglaiSource: Zhengzhou Huawo Medical Inspection Institute, reservation.Please contact us if there is any infringement or reprinting restriction, and we will contact you as soon as possible to delete it.　

Editor: Green is about to drip

Review: Chenchen

　　　　　　 CCTV News:The Sichuan Provincial Public Security Department recently announced a serious drug trafficking case supervised by the Ministry of Public Security. The case involved six gangs, and the police arrested 32 drug-related suspects for more than four months.

　　　　　　 In August this year, the police in Suining, Sichuan cracked a drug trafficking case with zero packages. The person involved confessed that the drugs were purchased from Gan and Cheng, and there were drugs waiting to be traded. The police followed the trail and found that Gan and Cheng, who had lived in Chuxiong, Yunnan for a long time, bought Magu and heroin from Yunnan and organized Sun and others to drive them to Suining, Sichuan, and then sold them to Liu and many others. After Liu bought Ma Gu, he exchanged ice poison with Qi Mou of Suining. The ice poison of Qi Mou came from Deng Mou and others, and the ice poison of Deng Mou and others came from Huang Mou and others in Chengdu. The whole case involved six gangs in Suining, Yibin and Chengdu, and the case was serious. The Suining Public Security Bureau set up a task force to collect the net under the unified command of the Anti-drug and Anti-drug Corps of the Sichuan Provincial Public Security Department.

　　　　　　 Police of the Anti-drug Detachment of Suining Public Security Bureau: "At that time, we felt that the time was ripe for closing the net. We started at the same time in Suining and Yibin, and all the drug traffickers in Yunnan were arrested with the cooperation of Yunnan police."

　　　　　　 Policeman: "What’s in the bottle?"

　　　　　　 Suspect: "Drugs."

　　　　　　 Policeman: "What drugs?"

　　　　　　 Suspect: "Ma Gu."

　　　　　　 The police have arrested 32 suspects for transporting and selling drugs, seized 1,521 grams of crystal meth, 3,324 grams of magu, 1,686 grams of heroin, seized 220,000 yuan of drug money, 3 pistols and 11 bullets.

　　　　　　 Police of the Anti-drug Detachment of Suining Public Security Bureau: "We were all shocked by a cold sweat at that time, because two bullets were found at the bedside of the suspect Long, and a gun was loaded in his bed, and there were four bullets in the gun."

　　　　　　 Liu Hongen, deputy head of the anti-drug detachment of Suining Public Security Bureau: "This case spans Yunnan, Sichuan and Chongqing. There are many people involved and there are many kinds of drugs involved. The case has seized heroin, ice and Ma Gu, both involved in drugs and guns. Some suspects protect drugs with guns and carry guns."

　　　　　　 According to the police, this serious drug trafficking case is a typical case of long-distance inter-provincial transportation and drug trafficking, involving two provinces and one city; Criminal suspects still have family-style drug trafficking, and they also have a strong anti-investigation consciousness in the way of transporting drugs and avoiding arrest.

　　　　　　 Police of Anti-drug and Anti-drug Brigade of Anju District Branch of Suining Public Security Bureau: "Generally, they rent two cars. The first car will clear the way, just explore the road ahead, and see if there are any police checkpoints on the expressway and the bayonet along the way. The car behind will transport drugs. Time is usually on weekends or major holidays, so he thinks that our police are resting or when the police are off work, in order to avoid inspection. "

　　　　　　 The police also found that among the criminal gangs, many people belong to relatives, and some criminal suspects never live in a fixed place in order to avoid arrest.

　　　　　　 Police of Anti-drug and Anti-drug Brigade of Anju Branch of Suining Public Security Bureau: "The suspect Zhang Moumou never lives in a fixed place. He usually lives in a car or in a bathing center where he can stay."

　　　　　　 At present, 23 of the 32 suspects have been arrested by the procuratorate, and the case is under further investigation.

　　"Human beings are created by labor, and society is created by labor";

　　"People create history and labor creates the future";

　　"All happiness in the world needs to be created by hard work";

　　"The model worker is the elite of the nation, the model of the people and the hero of the Republic";

　　"Labor is the most glorious, the noblest, the greatest and the most beautiful";

　　"Model worker spirit, labor spirit and craftsman spirit are vivid manifestations of the national spirit with patriotism as the core and the spirit of the times with reform and innovation as the core, and are powerful spiritual driving forces that inspire the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country to March forward bravely";

　　… … … …

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has deeply praised the labor creation, eulogized the spirit of model workers, laborers and artisans, led the whole society to carry forward the glorious labor, valuable skills and great fashion of the times, condensed the powerful force of hundreds of millions of working people to forge ahead in unity, created the great achievements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and pushed China onto a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　Sweat irrigates the harvest, and work hard to move forward. The people of China, who have stepped into a new journey and have a stronger sense of historical consciousness and initiative, are firmly relying on labor creation to promote Chinese modernization and strive to create a better future with their own hands.

　　"The whole society should respect model workers and carry forward their spirit."

　　"When I saw the letter, I remembered the scene of communicating with you in the workshop ten years ago."

　　On September 1st this year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader wrote back to the workers of "Li Zhiqiang Class" of China Hangfa Liming Engine Assembly Factory, which made Li Zhiqiang, a 59-year-old national model worker and national technical expert, feel surge of emotion. "The general secretary told us to carry forward the spirit of model workers and artisans. We have always been deeply engraved in our hearts and become a source of strength for us to overcome difficulties and forge ahead."

　　Talk and entrust, inspiring people. In the past ten years, everyone in "Li Zhiqiang Class" has worked hard, achieving 126 technological innovations, developing 312 tooling tools, applying for more than 50 invention patents, and solving 52 technical problems in scientific research and assembly.

　　Model workers are outstanding representatives of the working people and the most beautiful workers. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader always holds the most sincere respect for the model workers.

　　"Today, we see the bright stars, and the representatives of different historical periods are all here … … Everything is vivid, and we are all experienced and witnesses. Seeing everyone, I am in awe of the model workers, and the feelings of respecting knowledge and respecting labor are born. "

　　On April 28th, 2013, in an ordinary conference room of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader had a heart-to-heart talk with 65 representatives of model workers from different industries and different historical periods all over the country to celebrate May Day. Sincere words spread all over China from a small conference room.

　　After listening to the speech of Liang Jun, the first female tractor driver in New China, the Supreme Leader General Secretary said, "Your deeds are known to people of our age. The first female tractor driver in China, you are amazing. "

　　"Great" and simple three words reveal the supreme leader’s general secretary’s respect for model workers.

　　Holding a model worker’s meeting and wearing big red flowers are good memories of generations of new China for "glorious labor".

　　"Model workers and advanced workers are models for adhering to the road of China, carrying forward the spirit of China and rallying China’s strength. With a high sense of ownership, outstanding labor creation and selfless hard work and dedication, they have set an example for people of all nationalities in the country to learn." On April 28, 2015, at the celebration of the May 1 International Labor Day and the commendation of the National Conference of Model Workers and Advanced Workers, the words of the Supreme Leader General Secretary became a lofty tribute to the workers in the new era.

　　In all historical periods when our Party unites and leads the people in revolution, construction and reform, the model workers have always been a shining group: from Wang Jinxi, an "iron man" and Deng Jiaxian, a "two bombs" in the socialist construction period, to Deng Jianjun, a "knowledge worker" and Wu Dengyun, a "sage in white" in the new historical period of reform and opening up, to Huang Dafa and a "deep-sea fitter" who dug a "life canal" on the cliff in the new era. … Generation after generation of model workers write a touching chapter of "changing the world" with the passion of creation, innovation and entrepreneurship. Their glory is engraved in the history of the Republic.

　　Stepping into the new era, from major projects such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, Baihetan Hydropower Station and Hualong No.1 nuclear power unit, to scientific and technological miracles such as "Chang ‘e" lunar exploration, "Dragon" deep diving, Beidou networking, and to crucial battles such as pollution prevention and accurate poverty alleviation, all fronts of economic and social development have left the footprints and hard work of model workers.

　　"Bridge crane operation is like air ‘ Thread the needle ’ ！” Zhoushan Port in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, at an altitude of more than 40 meters, Zhu Shijie, a national model worker, led the team to complete container loading and unloading quickly and accurately.

　　On March 29th, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited here. "The general secretary told me to play a good role as a model worker and bring out more model workers." This entrustment made Zhu Shijie full of energy.

　　In the past three years, the "Zhu Shijie Bridge Crane Operation Method" was upgraded to version 4.0, and the "Zhu Shijie Innovation Studio" trained more than 3,000 bridge crane drivers, and a group of highly skilled talents led by provincial model workers came out of the team.

　　How fine is 1 micron? 1/60th of a hair!

　　Chen Liang, a national model worker and a senior technician of Wuxi Weiyan Co., Ltd., is good at controlling the mold accuracy within 1 micron. "If you are a little more careful, you will be a little closer to the accuracy of 1 micron!" In order to better cope with every challenge, Chen Liang set such a working principle for himself.

　　… … … …

　　The new era is the era of strugglers, and the model workers are the most beautiful strugglers.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly explained the spirit of model workers: "In the long-term practice, we have cultivated and formed the spirit of model workers who love their jobs, strive for first-class, struggle hard, be brave in innovation, be indifferent to fame and fortune, and be willing to contribute."

　　"Love one’s job and strive for first-class" embodies the true nature and pursuit of model workers; "Hard work and innovation" embodies the style and quality of model workers; "Indifferent to fame and fortune, willing to contribute" embodies the realm and cultivation of model workers. Model worker spirit inherits and develops the concept of labor in Chinese excellent traditional culture, which is a vivid embodiment of Marxist concept of labor.

　　Great times call for great spirit, and lofty undertakings need to be guided by examples. As an important part of advanced socialist culture, model worker spirit vividly interprets socialist core values, enriches the connotation of national spirit and spirit of the times, and is our extremely valuable spiritual wealth.

　　Respecting model workers and carrying forward the spirit of model workers, General Secretary Nianzi is here — —

　　"Vigorously carry forward the spirit of model workers, give full play to the role of the working class as masters, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers and staff, and actively build harmonious labor relations";

　　"The whole society should respect model workers, carry forward the spirit of model workers, and make honest and diligent work a common practice";

　　"People of all ethnic groups in China should learn from the model workers, take the model workers as an example, give full play to the spirit of fighting against the clock and join in the grand cause of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation";

　　… … … …

　　Under the call of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, all parts of the country praised and paid tribute to the advanced model workers with lofty courtesy. In the past five years, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions has commended 926 May Day labor awards, 4,026 May Day labor medals and 4,119 workers’ pioneers nationwide, which has encouraged trade unions at all levels to choose trees to publicize model workers and sing the songs of workers in the new era.

　　These grand commendations are enthusiastic praise for model workers, but also vigorously carry forward the spirit of model workers, and convey the deep love of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the CPC Central Committee for model workers and advanced workers.

　　Socialism is done, and the new era is fought. Nowadays, the whole society advocates model workers, studies model workers, strives to be model workers and cares for model workers, and model workers are increasingly becoming one of the most shining groups in the whole society; "Model Worker Innovation Studio" is spread all over the country, demonstrating and leading all walks of life to promote high-quality development with hard work, honest work and creative work.

　　"As long as you work hard and diligently, you can do extraordinary things in ordinary posts."

　　Digging, pit construction, cofferdam reclamation, water lifting and watering … … In April this year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to the tree planting site in Dongba Central Park, Chaoyang District, Beijing in the rain. While working, he taught the children how to plant trees and told them to love labor from an early age and achieve all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, every spring, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has participated in voluntary tree planting activities and worked with the masses.

　　"When I got off the bus, I took a shovel on my shoulder and walked towards us laughing and laughing." "At first glance, the general secretary is the old style of doing farm work." The people who planted trees together felt warm and cordial.

　　An old photo is also warm. It was in 1989, when the supreme leader comrade, then secretary of the Ningde prefectural party committee, led the cadres of the local organs to participate in voluntary labor, with a smile on his face and a hoe on his shoulder, striding on the ridge of the field.

　　Years are long, and the true colors do not change.

　　Along the way, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has a consistent understanding of labor and a firm feeling for the working people.

　　"Our roots are rooted among the working people." From ploughing the grass roots to piloting China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always maintained the true nature of workers, and always insisted on "standing on the side of the overwhelming majority of working people", standing together with the working people, wanting to be together and working together.

　　Babusha Forest Farm in Gulang County, Gansu Province, picked up a ditching plough and participated in the sand control work;

　　At the mouth of the Yellow River, I bent over to pick the pods, twisted them one by one, put a soybean in my mouth and chewed it carefully: "The beans grow well";

　　On the land of the Central Plains, I held up the ears of wheat to watch the grouting and kindly said to my fellow villagers, "We are all from crops";

　　Beijing Caochang Hutong, surrounded by jiaozi with its neighbors;

　　Xiangxi grapefruit forest, skillfully helping villagers pick grapefruit;

　　… … … …

　　The people’s leaders who came out of the working people know that "people’s livelihood is diligent, but diligence is not scarce" and have repeatedly encouraged everyone that "as long as they work hard and diligently, they can also achieve extraordinary results in ordinary posts" and "no matter what kind of work they are engaged in, they must do, love and drill".

　　At the opening ceremony of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, a five-star red flag was passed in the hands of more than 100 ordinary Chinese, including Liu Kuo, a representative of the "courier brother".

　　On the eve of the Spring Festival in 2019, Liu Kuo and his colleagues met the Supreme Leader General Secretary who came to visit them at the Stone Hutong Express Station in Qianmen, Beijing.

　　I heard that everyone can’t go home until 30 years old. The general secretary said that "courier brother" works very hard. He gets up early and gets greedy in the dark, rain or shine. The busier the holidays are, like hardworking bees, he is the hardest worker and brings convenience to everyone’s life.

　　"I have always kept in mind the words of the general secretary and tried to be a hardworking little bee." Recalling the kind words of the General Secretary, Liu Kuo still felt extremely warm in his heart.

　　The background color of labor is cast into the true colors of the people. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "We must firmly establish the concept of the most glorious, noble, greatest and most beautiful labor, so that all the people can further glow their enthusiasm for labor, release their creative potential and create a better life through labor."

　　Promoting the worship of labor has become a common practice in the whole society, and it is necessary to benefit workers, make them feel glorious and get social respect.

　　The working class and the broad masses of working people are anxious about their difficulties, safety and warmth, and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always been in his heart. Hebei Fuping Zhuangjiayuan, hand in hand with the people in difficulty, calculated the poverty alleviation account and increased the account together, and said, "We must try our best to let the villagers live a good life as soon as possible"; On the Beijing subway construction site, a pink schoolbag was given to the daughter of Fan Yong, a steel worker, emphasizing "to arrange their life during the festival" … …

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has come to the grassroots front-line workers again and again, asking about the changes in temperature, listening to hardships, encouraging efforts, advocating labor and respecting workers.

　　From in-depth investigation at the grass-roots level to presiding over relevant meetings, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always been very concerned about the protection of workers’ rights and interests — —

　　"Migrant workers are a new type of labor force that has emerged since the reform and opening up, and they are an important force in building the country. The whole society must care about and care for migrant workers";

　　"Pay attention to front-line workers, migrant workers, workers with difficulties and other groups, improve the system, remove obstacles that hinder workers from participating in development and sharing development achievements, and strive to enable workers to achieve decent work and all-round development";

　　"It is necessary to improve the social security system of multi-channel flexible employment and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of truck drivers, courier brothers and take-away distributors";

　　… … … …

　　Rely on the people, always for the people. From the standpoint of the people, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly explained the scientific connotation of labor spirit: "advocating labor, loving labor, hard work and honest labor".

　　Looking back at the brilliant achievements of the new era, we have completed the historical task of getting rid of poverty and building a well-off society in an all-round way, and achieved the goal of the first century. Every leap forward in history embodies the hard work and struggle of hundreds of millions of working people.

　　Last October, during his first inspection tour to Beijing after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Hongqi Canal in Linzhou, Anyang, Henan.

　　From 1960 to 1969, 100,000 sons and daughters of Linxian County worked hard to build a 1,500-kilometer-long natural canal on Taihang Mountain, and built a spiritual monument spanning time and space.

　　"Socialism is spelled out, done and exchanged for life, not only in the past, but also in the new era." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said earnestly.

　　The core connotation of labor is hard work and struggle. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Labor is the fundamental force to promote the progress of human society … … We say ‘ Empty talk about making mistakes in the country, and doing things to revitalize the country ’ To do practical work, we must first work on the ground. "

　　"Labor has created the Chinese nation, created a glorious history of the Chinese nation, and will certainly create a bright future for the Chinese nation."

　　Looking at the land of China, in the fields where rice waves roll, in the factories where steel flowers splash, on the road of smooth logistics, in the quiet and tidy scientific research institute … … The broad masses of working people keep in mind the entrustment, write the songs of workers in the new era in their respective posts, create with great labor, and push the wheel of the times forward.

　　"Cultivate more high-quality technical and technical talents, skilled craftsmen and great country craftsmen"

　　"Great country craftsmen, the country needs people like you."

　　On June 29, 2021, the "July 1 Medal" was awarded at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. The words of the Supreme Leader General Secretary made the "good welder" Ai Aiguo remember in his heart.

　　Working for more than 50 years, relying on a welding torch, Ai Aiguo constantly pursues Excellence and climbs the technical peak. "Being a worker means being a good worker", which is Ai’s patriotic professional creed. He said that a really good welder should study hard and think of ways to become a master of welding technology from a master of welding.

　　The quality of workers is very important to the development of a country and a nation. In today’s world, the competition of comprehensive national strength is, in the final analysis, the competition of talents and the quality of laborers.

　　"China has the institutional advantages of socialist market economy, the demand advantages of ultra-large-scale market, the supply advantages of complete industrial system, and the talent advantages of a large number of high-quality workers and entrepreneurs." In August this year, the Supreme Leader of president pointed out in his speech to the closing ceremony of the Johannesburg BRICS Business Forum.

　　Chinese modernization is a modernization with a huge population, and the high-quality development of population supports Chinese modernization.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always attached great importance to building a high-quality workforce, emphasizing that "contemporary workers should not only have strength, but also have wisdom and technology, be able to invent and innovate, and play the main theme of the times with practical actions", profoundly explaining the scientific connotation of the craftsman spirit: "persistent concentration, Excellence, meticulousness and pursuit of Excellence", and calling on the whole society to carry forward the craftsman spirit.

　　On April 27, 2022, the first great country craftsman innovation exchange conference was grandly opened. This is a grand event to pay tribute to model workers, exchange innovative achievements and improve the skills and quality of employees.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader sent a congratulatory letter to the Congress, stressing that "the skilled workers are an important force supporting China’s manufacturing and China’s creation", and the working class and the broad masses of working people in China should "study hard, study hard, be brave in innovation and be the first, and constantly improve their technical skills".

　　"It is necessary to carry forward the craftsmanship spirit of Excellence in the whole society and inspire the vast number of young people to take the road of becoming talented and serving the country with skills";

　　"To create a grand industrial worker team with ideals and beliefs, knowledge of technology and innovation, and the courage to take responsibility and dedication";

　　"Enhance the adaptability of vocational education, speed up the construction of a modern vocational education system, and train more high-quality technical and technical talents, skilled craftsmen and great country craftsmen";

　　"Carry forward the spirit of model workers and artisans, and strive to conquer more key core technologies";

　　… … … …

　　Important speeches and instructions again and again are full of the deep concern of the Supreme Leader General Secretary for the skilled workers; When going to the local area for investigation and research, the general secretary often walks into the workshop team to visit the working people, ask about the production and living conditions, and point out the direction of development and progress.

　　In April this year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Guangzhou Automobile Research Institute during his inspection tour in Guangdong, and had cordial exchanges with representatives from all walks of life. Among them, there are senior engineers who participated in the development of Beidou chip, scientific and technical personnel who are committed to transporting solar power from Xizang to Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and a great craftsman who has participated in welding projects such as new aircraft carriers & HELIP; …

　　Everyone spoke enthusiastically, and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader listened attentively. The general secretary said earnestly: "The economy should develop continuously, and there should be no ups and downs. What is very important here is science and technology, education and talents. "

　　Big times, big stage. The road for industrial and technical workers to become talented and serve the country with skills is getting wider and wider.

　　"What is the sequence of your title?" When General Secretary of the Supreme Leader participated in the discussion of the Party’s 20th Guangxi delegation, he asked Zheng Zhiming, who was sitting opposite and dressed in workshop uniforms.

　　Master Zheng reported to the General Secretary: "Our country has issued a policy of breaking the ceiling. I have just been rated as a special technician and a senior engineer. The party’s policy has given our workers who graduated from vocational high schools a good way out. This was never thought of in the past. "

　　As a locksmith, Zheng Zhiming has worked in the front line for more than 20 years, and has developed exquisite skills in the "dialogue" with steel, and the machining accuracy of parts can be controlled at 0.002 mm.

　　These years, when Zheng Zhiming grew from a locksmith apprentice to a craftsman of a big country, it was also the time when China developed into a manufacturing power and accelerated towards a manufacturing power, and a large number of skilled workers became the trendsetter of the times.

　　Deng Jianjun, delegates to 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), has grown from a secondary school student to an expert engineer and a national skill master in the field of textile machinery in the world, and is known as the "leader of knowledge-based industrial workers" in China.

　　Zhou Yingfeng, a representative of the National People’s Congress, started as an ordinary CNC lathe worker and grew into a senior CNC lathe technician and a national technical expert with excellent technical strength.

　　… … … …

　　Countless industrial workers have dreams in their hearts, strength under their feet, and responsibility on their shoulders in the vast tide of the times, carry forward the spirit of artisans, be strugglers in the new era, and achieve wonderful life.

　　Up to now, there are more than 200 million skilled workers in China, accounting for 26% of the total employed population; There are more than 60 million highly skilled personnel, accounting for 30% of skilled workers, and they have become the backbone of China manufacturing and China creation.

　　"We step by step over the years, who are really building a modern and powerful building in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, they are all worthy of our respect. And we have to think and study how to cultivate them and play their role. This is important. " The words of hit the floor, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, have warmed the hearts of industrial workers.

　　We workers have strength! History has proved that the working class in China has always had a glorious tradition of being in the forefront and shouldering heavy burdens bravely. The working class and the broad masses of working people have always been the fundamental forces to promote China’s economic and social development and safeguard social stability and unity.

　　"I hope that the broad masses of working people will vigorously carry forward the spirit of model workers, labor spirit and craftsman spirit, work honestly and diligently, be determined to innovate and dare to be the first, rely on labor creation to solidly promote Chinese modernization, and give full play to the role of the main force in the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation." On the occasion of the May 1 International Labor Day this year, the Supreme Leader General Secretary extended festive congratulations and sincere condolences to the broad masses of working people throughout the country.

　　Labor creates happiness, and hard work makes great achievements. On the new journey, hundreds of millions of working people will bear in mind the entrustment of the General Secretary, vigorously carry forward the spirit of model workers, labor spirit and artisans, further glow their enthusiasm for labor and release their creative potential, which will surely unite the majestic power of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.

Special feature of 1905 film network The documentary film directed by Ren Jie was shown in the national cinema on December 3, 2021. The film truly recorded the deeds of the first secretary of poverty alleviation in villages all over the country, such as engaging in industry, promoting education, resisting typhoons and ensuring a bumper harvest, and told their vivid experiences of doing practical things for the people.

The "first secretary" refers to the first secretary in the village, who is also the closest person to the people in the fields and countryside. This "first" contains courage, responsibility, responsibility and mission. "We are the First Secretary" tells the touching stories of more than a dozen first secretaries in villages. Since the film was released, word-of-mouth performance has been good, with Cat’s Eye score of 9.4 and Taobao Film score of 9.2. This issue of "Today’s Film Review" invited Ren Jie, the director of this film, to talk about this film with you.

During the preparation of the film, there were more than 1,000 alternate secretaries with touching stories. In the end, Ren Jie selected more than 10 of them to shoot. Some of them led villagers to engage in industry, some set up kindergartens to promote education, some responded to natural disasters such as typhoons, some took care of crops to ensure a bumper harvest, some moved to other places to help the poor, and some even sacrificed their jobs for poverty alleviation … … What considerations did the creator make when choosing the secretary for shooting? Ren Jie mentioned: "We take into account the characteristics of gender and different cultural regions from different regions and time dimensions, and try our best to make the group of the first secretary fuller, so that the written reports seen by ordinary people from the news can be vividly changed back to flesh-and-blood figures, so we still choose in a wider range."

The film begins with the story of Wang Qingluo, a post-80s secretary, who chose to raise sheep to help the poor and lead everyone out of poverty. This angle is chosen as the opening, because Wangqing is the representative of industrial poverty alleviation, and industry is a key to fundamentally solve poverty. This angle is also friendly to the audience and easy to understand the concept conveyed by the film.

Ren Jie believes: "When we went to Tibet, the biggest problem of getting rid of poverty in our village was the industrial problem. In this home, industry is the key to complete the task of getting rid of poverty and fundamentally solve the poverty problem. Because at the time of filming, they were raised by retail investors and it was difficult to form an industry, so the secretary persuaded everyone to turn individual behavior into collective behavior, tide over the difficulties together, and build a new cooperative mechanism together. "

In the film, the story of Hu Xiaoming, the former first secretary of Bozuo Village in Butuo County, Sichuan Province, is impressive. After the secretary’s term of office, out of a sense of responsibility, he resolutely chose to return to his poverty-stricken Daliangshan village to help Secretary Luo Hong. He knows the local situation and has very sincere feelings for the local people. It is also because of him that the first kindergarten has been established in the local area. In addition, he also built a chicken farm and gave eggs to the children. When the children peeled eggshells and ate eggs in front of the camera and naturally smiled on their faces, the audience in front of the screen could feel the greatness of this poverty alleviation cause.

In fact, when interviewing Secretary Hu Xiaoming, the process was not smooth. Hu Xiaoming is willing to show his work, but he is somewhat resistant to showing his inner feelings in front of the camera. His mother was ill in bed and didn’t even recognize him. It is reasonable to say that he should take care of his mother before his deathbed, but he chose to stay here because of his responsibility to Daliangshan. Although he didn’t mention his feelings, the camera also captured his tender side.

Ren Jie said: "I know why these secretaries don’t want us to shoot this. First, they don’t want to cut open the soft side of their hearts. Second, they feel guilty about their families. Third, most importantly, they don’t have the heart of fame and fortune. But for me, it is possible to tell this story well. I need these things. I hope that the audience will not know the data and reports of the first secretary, nor the news communication in the traditional sense. I hope that it is their emotions and flesh-and-blood youthful strength and life. How did they spend these years in the most difficult moments in China? "

In February, 2021, we achieved a comprehensive victory in tackling poverty, and the lens of the film also shifted from tackling poverty to rural revitalization, which is also the next task mentioned by several first secretaries. After watching the film, An Mingtai, secretary of the Youth League Committee of the School of Drama and Film of Communication University of China and the first secretary of Cha ‘ersen Gacha in Horqin Right Front Banner of Xing ‘an League, said: "It really amazes me to have such a screen work to show to the audience. Poverty alleviation is only the first stage. How to make them develop better in the process of rural revitalization is what I need to consider, and this is also the biggest inspiration that the film has given me."

Su De Bi Lige, First Secretary of Wulan Halaga Sumuxin Guolegacha; Han Geng, First Secretary of Shanxi Yangpo Village; Qin Qian, First Secretary of Henan Sunzhuang Village; He Zhengzheng, First Secretary of Yangchun Xinpo Village; Guan Yanping, First Secretary of Zhuhai Basket Doctor; Ranbo, First Secretary of Liuzhou Anning Village; Wen Weihong, Feng Yongcheng, Wang Xinfa, Huang Wenxiu, Wang Qiuting, Yang Zhengqing, Zeng Hongmei and Zeng Yuxiang. … Behind these names are the feelings of not being afraid of difficulties, being the highest in the mountains and the selfless dedication to the people.

"We are the First Secretary" truly records the story that the first secretaries live a happy life for the people and practice construction of the village in an emotional way. What this film conveys is the spirit of courage, responsibility and dedication. These people’s public servants who irrigated the flowers of hope with faith and belief wrote their initial heart and dedication on the land of the countryside, which deserves to be remembered by the people forever.

Director’s Observation of Today’s Film Review

What impressed me most in the documentary film was Hu Shuji, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan. I know that place, where there are Xichang and Erhai Lake. But there are more mountains there. As the director said, although the countryside in Tibet is extremely cold, villages can still be seen. And the hinterland of Daliangshan, where slavery was finally eliminated in China, contains many hidden things. After the first term of office, Secretary Hu resolutely went back, hoping that what he had done would change there, help the children there and pay tribute to all the first secretaries in the front line. (Director of Luo Chuhao’s Today’s Film Review)

　　On November 30th, local time, the Federal Reserve released the National Economic Situation Survey Report (also known as the "Beige Book"), which showed that rising interest rates and high inflation continued to put pressure on economic activities, and the growth rate of the US economy slowed down. Federal Reserve Chairman Powell said on the same day that the Fed will continue to raise interest rates, but it may start to narrow the rate hike from December. The signal that the Fed will slow down the rate hike has boosted market confidence to some extent. However, under the current background of high inflation and rising interest rates, the US economic growth prospects are still not optimistic.

　　The negative impact of high interest rates and high inflation continues.

　　The report shows that rising interest rates and high inflation continue to put pressure on economic activities, and economic activities in the United States are basically flat or slightly rising, which is not as good as the moderate growth during the last "Beige Book". Among them, the economies of new york, Kansas City and other jurisdictions declined slightly, and only five jurisdictions experienced slight or moderate economic growth.

　　In the same period, the number of employed people in most jurisdictions increased moderately, but the demand for labor weakened as a whole. Although the labor market is still tense, it is easier for enterprises to recruit and retain existing employees. Science and technology, finance, real estate and other industries are decentralizing layoffs, and some enterprises are reluctant to lay off employees because of recruitment difficulties. On the average, wages have increased at a moderate rate, and the wage pressure in a few jurisdictions has eased. Looking ahead, employment growth tends to be stable or slow down.

　　In terms of prices, consumer prices in most jurisdictions rose moderately or strongly, but the overall increase slowed down, reflecting the double weakening effect brought about by the improvement of supply chain and weakening demand. Retail prices are facing downward pressure, but food prices in some areas have further increased or remained high. Inflation is expected to remain at the current level or rise moderately.

　　According to the contents of this "Beige Book", the rise in interest rates has caused different degrees of negative impact on consumer spending, manufacturing activities, real estate and construction, financial lending, commercial mergers and acquisitions and other fields. The report also shows that concerns about the economic recession are affecting corporate decision-making and consumer behavior in some jurisdictions.

　　The Federal Reserve publishes the "Beige Book" eight times a year, and conducts a thorough analysis of the economic situation in the United States through regional reserve banks. This report is an important reference for the regular meeting of the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy.

　　Or will start to slow down the pace of interest rate hikes.

　　While acknowledging that rising interest rates have brought "side effects" to the economy, the Federal Reserve has also released a signal that it will slow down interest rate hikes. Speaking at the Brookings Institution on November 30th, Federal Reserve Chairman Powell said that the Federal Reserve will continue to raise the federal funds rate, but it may reduce the rate increase from December.

　　Powell said that the Fed "still has a long way to go" from the goal of restoring price stability. Policy measures such as raising interest rates and reducing bonds usually take some time to play a role in the entire economic system. In the future, the Fed will continue to maintain its restrictive monetary policy stance until substantial progress is made in reducing inflation.

　　He said that when the interest rate is close to "the restrictive level enough to reduce inflation", it is "reasonable" for the Fed to slow down the rate hike, and "it may be the time to slow down the rate hike at the December meeting at the earliest". However, at present, the Fed has not made significant progress in reducing inflation.

　　After Powell’s speech, the US stock market soared. As of the close of the day, the Standard & Poor’s 500-stock index rose 3.09%, ending three consecutive days of decline and closing at 4080.11 points; Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 2.18% to 34,589.77 points; The Nasdaq Composite Index rose 4.41% to close at 11,468.00. Affected by the performance of the US stock market and other good news, major stock markets in Asia also generally rose on December 1.

　　In addition, the yield of US Treasury bonds has fallen sharply. According to the Associated Press, the yield of 10-year US Treasury bonds dropped to 3.65% from 3.75% at the close of the previous day. The yield of two-year treasury bonds, which tends to track the market’s expectations of the Fed’s future actions, fell from 4.48% to 4.34%.

　　Greg Basuke, CEO of AXA Investment Company, said that Powell’s statement is the "certainty" that investors are looking for in the Fed’s interest rate hike expectations. It is expected that the Fed will probably raise interest rates by 50 basis points in December.

　　Since March this year, the Federal Reserve has raised interest rates six times in a row, including 75 basis points in the last four times. According to a tracking data of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, it is estimated that the possibility that the Fed will shrink the rate hike to 50 basis points by then is about 77%.

　　The uncertainty of economic prospects is rising.

　　Although the signal that the interest rate hike will slow down has boosted market confidence to some extent, in the context of high inflation and rising interest rates, the prospects for US economic growth are still uncertain. According to the Beige Book, looking forward to the future, all jurisdictions believe that the uncertainty of the economic outlook has increased, and the pessimism about the economic outlook has also intensified.

　　The latest economic data is mixed. According to the revised data released by the US Department of Commerce on November 30th, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States increased by 2.9% at an annual rate in the third quarter of this year, 0.3 percentage points higher than the initial data released at the end of October. However, personal consumption expenditure, which accounts for about 70% of the US economy, increased by 1.7%, still less than the 2% increase in the second quarter. In addition, residential investment contracted for the sixth consecutive quarter, the longest duration since 2006.

　　Data from the US Department of Commerce also showed that the US merchandise trade deficit surged by 7.7% to $99 billion in October due to the decline in exports. Reuters said that the sharp expansion of the trade deficit means that the trade performance may drag down the GDP data in the fourth quarter.

　　The inflation outlook is still facing uncertainty. According to the latest data from the US Department of Labor, the year-on-year increase of the consumer price index (CPI) in October was the smallest since January this year, and the year-on-year increase of the producer price index (PPI) in October has also continued to narrow since June. In this regard, Powell said that short-term data may be deceptive. At present, inflation is still at a high level, and more evidence is needed to prove that inflation is actually declining.

　　In addition, the tension in the labor market has not been significantly improved. The increase in economic uncertainty and the recent layoffs of large companies have made Americans even more reluctant to leave their current jobs. The turnover rate, which is regarded as an indicator of confidence in the job market, has dropped from the previous 2.7% to 2.6%. In November, the recruitment of American companies fell to the slowest pace in the past two years. The increase in the number of job vacancies also shows that the shortage of workers persists, which economists say is one of the reasons for the slowdown in employment growth.

　　Isfar Munir, an economist at Citigroup in new york, said that the data show that the labor market has hardly loosened up so far. Reuters reported that the tight labor market made the Federal Reserve continue to tighten monetary policy, which aggravated the risk of economic recession next year. However, most economists believe that the recession may be short and mild.

　　Powell believes that it is still possible for the US economy to achieve a "soft landing", but the possibility of achieving this result is declining. (Reporter Liao Bingqing comprehensive report)