Shenzhen： There is a set of waste sorting technology model produced and sold by itself.
Shenzhen Yantian District Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Science Education Base Yangcheng Evening News reporter Zhou Weishe
The staff of the Shenzhen Large-scale Garbage Sorting and Recycling Center is splitting large-scale furniture (data map). Yangcheng Evening News reporter Chloe Wang photo
Face recognition login system, throw garbage to get points. This is the daily life for residents in Yantian District of Shenzhen to use intelligent sorting facilities to throw garbage. Through the backstage big data system, intelligent sorting facilities can collect the number of participating households in each community, the composition and quantity of sorted garbage, residents’ garbage throwing habits and residential changes, etc., and provide a basis for the fine operation of local garbage sorting.
In Nanshan District, Shenzhen, every night at 7: 00, the "internet plus" garbage classification supervision system — — On the punching page of "E Du Online", the flashing blue icons are particularly eye-catching. Nanshan District has integrated Internet technology into the residential waste classification mode of "centralized classification and delivery+regular fixed-point supervision", and each blue icon represents a waste classification supervisor.
Shenzhen is one of the earliest cities in China to implement garbage sorting. In order to carry out garbage sorting, each district has made useful explorations based on reality and made unique moves. Nowadays, no matter whether it is garbage delivery or garbage disposal, all aspects of Shenzhen garbage sorting have high-tech assistance, which contributes valuable experience to the system to promote garbage sorting.
Garbage classification initiated in Shenzhen
● On July 1, 2013, Shenzhen Municipal Domestic Waste Classification Management Affairs Center was established. This is the first full-time institution for classified management of domestic waste in China.
● On August 1, 2015, after the implementation of the Measures for the Management of Domestic Waste Classification and Reduction in Shenzhen, Shenzhen successively issued the first special plan for domestic waste classification, three local standards and seven normative documents, forming a relatively complete normative standard system.
● On June 3, 2017, the first "Guidelines for the Classification and Delivery of Domestic Waste in Shenzhen" was issued, which explained in detail dozens of scenarios and treatment methods encountered in the classification of domestic waste.
● On March 26th, 2019, the first intelligent supervision platform for garbage classification was established in China — — "e du online" The platform can not only supervise the supervisor’s working status online, but also remotely guide residents on how to correctly classify garbage, and make data statistical analysis of the supervision work.
A delivery
Centralized classification, intelligent delivery, regular and fixed-point supervision and appointment
The data shows that the daily average domestic garbage removal in Shenzhen was 7.5 tons in 1979, and it has increased to 19,000 tons in 2018, with an increase of more than 2,500 times and an annual growth rate of 6%. Like many cities, "garbage besieged city" once plagued Shenzhen.
In 2015, Shenzhen began to fully implement garbage sorting. "How to divide" is the first step to solve the garbage classification in Shenzhen. Different from the current classification mode of dry and wet garbage in Shanghai, Shenzhen adopts the "quartering method" to classify garbage into four categories: recyclables, kitchen waste, harmful waste and other garbage.
In order to carefully guide the citizens to effectively classify the garbage in their lives, Shenzhen has also compiled a special "Guidelines for the Classification of Domestic Waste in Shenzhen", such as glass, metal, disposable lunch boxes and so on. At present, the latest version of the guideline 2018 has been printed and distributed to households in all districts of Shenzhen, and posted at the elevator entrance on the first floor of the unit building. This is also the first guideline for waste sorting in China.
For garbage classification, Shenzhen has made many explorations. At present, in Yantian District, more than 350 sets of intelligent garbage sorting and collecting equipment have been put into use, covering all property communities, villages in cities, schools, military camps, hospitals and other institutions and institutions in the district. The intelligent device uses "black technology" such as face recognition, automatic acquisition, touch operation and voice broadcast. Residents can log in to the system first every time they throw garbage, and the system will guide them on how to put it in categories, and they can also get points to redeem gifts after putting it in.
In Futian Street, Futian District, residents produce more than 300 tons of domestic garbage every day, of which nearly 100 tons can be recycled. In order to eliminate the city appearance impact and potential safety hazards caused by unlicensed tricycles, electric cars and small cargo ships moving to buy waste in streets and lanes, Futian District has set up a mobile convenience waste purchase point with "fixed time, fixed location, fixed car and fixed person" in places with few pedestrians and vehicles and relatively remote locations.
In Dapeng New District, a tourist area with many beaches, the garbage sorting mode of "fixed time and fixed point, metering and charging collection and transportation" has been implemented in Jiaochangwei Scenic Area. It is understood that there are more than 370 homestays and catering units in this area, and the farthest distance of the merchants from the garbage transfer station is more than 1 km. These homestays and catering units are mainly small and medium-sized, with few staff and complicated affairs, so it is difficult to arrange special staff to clear and transport garbage every day. After the implementation of the mode of "fixed time and fixed point, metering and charging for collection and transportation", there is no charge for the collection and transportation of "glass plastic paper" and kitchen waste in Jiaochang tail area, and the more other garbage is generated, the higher the charge. Now, the homestays and catering units at the end of the competition have formed a habit. Every two or three days, they will pack "glass plastic paper" to the collection point for recycling, and the amount of other garbage is getting less and less.
At present, Shenzhen is vigorously promoting the residential garbage sorting mode of "centralized classified delivery+regular fixed-point supervision", that is, there is no trash can on the floor, and centralized classified delivery points are set downstairs. Relevant departments arrange supervisors to supervise at the centralized waste sorting point in the community from 7: 00 to 9: 00 every night. The centralized delivery mechanism established in the campus of Luohu District has also set up a student supervision team of not less than 100 people and set up relevant reward mechanisms to promote garbage sorting.
B collection and transportation
Real-time record of digital monitoring of classified collection and transportation of more than 100 enterprises
I have separated the garbage. Will the garbage truck be mixed and taken away when it is transported? This myth of "dividing before mixing" has troubled many people. But in Shenzhen, the answer is obvious: no!
By opening up the whole chain of garbage sorting, Shenzhen has established a separate and classified collection and transportation system covering the whole city, set up an online platform in the collection and transportation link, and established a special clearing and recycling system for bidding enterprises in various districts. "The operating projects of different enterprises are different, and collecting garbage collected and transported by non-own enterprises will not generate benefits, and there is no interest drive." Huang Zhibin, director of the comprehensive department of Shenzhen Municipal Domestic Waste Classification Management Affairs Center, introduced that the garbage removal units in Shenzhen are tendered by the district governments and have certain qualifications. All kinds of garbage are removed by different removal companies. According to the contract, the types of garbage cleaned by each removal company are different, and the mixed collection and transportation of garbage is eliminated from the system.
According to statistics, at present, more than 100 enterprises in Shenzhen are responsible for the classified transportation, classified treatment and recycling of garbage in the city. Among them, there are more than 10 enterprises responsible for the collection, transportation and treatment of waste furniture, waste battery lamps, waste glass plastic paper, annual oranges, waste fabrics, green garbage, fruit and vegetable garbage and kitchen garbage in Futian District, more than 20 in Luohu District, more than 50 in Baoan District and 10 in Longgang District.
For garbage removal, Shenzhen also uses Internet technology to monitor the whole process of all kinds of garbage transportation. For example, Yantian District adopts video camera, vehicle weighing, RFID radio frequency identification, GPS positioning, 4G wireless transmission, GIS geographic information system and other technical means to give digital information to all facilities, equipment and vehicles involved in domestic waste classification in the whole district, and monitor and record the garbage collection and transportation process in real time. When the reporter visited Yantian District, he saw on the background monitoring screen of the domestic waste sorting and treatment base in the district that the information such as the state of the garbage collection and transportation vehicle and the garbage delivered at which delivery point was clear at a glance.
C treatment
Building a garden-style treatment base to help the efficient use of garbage
The data show that there are more than 20 million people living in less than 2,000 square kilometers of land in Shenzhen, and about 28,500 tons of domestic garbage are generated every day, of which 8,500 tons (accounting for nearly 30%) are recycled, and the remaining 20,000 tons are treated by incineration and landfill.
Before 2018, Shenzhen has not yet built nine separate treatment terminals in the city, and there are some problems in the classification and treatment of waste after classification and distribution. In some areas, different garbage disposal terminals are scattered in different positions in the area, and some areas can’t even find the disposal terminals, which leads to the need for cross-regional collaborative treatment after garbage diversion. In this way, it is not conducive to the traceability of garbage, nor to the whole chain monitoring.
In this regard, Nanshan District has built a "garden+garden" domestic waste environmental ecological park — — Tanglangshan Waste Classification Environmental Ecological Park. This ecological park used to be a number of parking lots, repair shops, waste dumps, etc., which illegally occupied the site. After being cleared, it became the first garden-style and garden-style integrated waste sorting environmental ecological park in Shenzhen. This ecological park can be integrated with six separation systems, namely, annual orange, waste furniture, glass plastic paper, fruit and vegetable waste, kitchen waste, waste batteries and lamps. This also makes Nanshan District the first district in Shenzhen to realize the "self-production and self-sale" of domestic waste.
In Bao ‘an District, Bao ‘an Energy Ecological Park (Phase III) is also in commissioning operation. It is estimated that after the official operation of the third phase, the daily garbage disposal capacity of the entire ecological park will reach 8,000 tons and the daily power generation capacity will reach 3.2 million kWh, making it the largest garbage power plant in the world. In addition, about 20% of the slag left after garbage incineration will be transported to the treatment plant for crushing, and the metal in it will be sorted out and used to make environmentally friendly paving bricks with strong water permeability.
Version 3.0 classifies and recycles kitchen waste regularly and at fixed points.
Shenzhen model of garbage classification
"Version 3.0" is synonymous with Shenzhen’s continuous exploration and upgrading of garbage sorting.
In 2015, Shenzhen began to fully implement garbage sorting. Since then, around the goal of "transforming residents’ awareness of waste classification into action", about 3,500 residential areas and villages in Shenzhen have been equipped with more than 7,000 sets of waste classification facilities, and at the same time, waste classification publicity has been carried out throughout the city, forming the 1.0 version of residential waste classification.
Since 2018, by establishing centralized waste sorting points in residential areas and arranging volunteers for on-site supervision, the participation rate and accuracy of residents in residential areas have been continuously improved, and the residential waste sorting version 2.0 of "floor removal and regular fixed-point supervision" has been formed in Qiaoxiang Village and other communities in Shenzhen.
At present, Shenzhen has started to implement version 3.0 of waste classification, adding regular and fixed-point classification to recycle kitchen waste. After the trial of this model is mature, it will be extended to residential areas in the city.
In the future, Shenzhen also plans to implement the 4.0 version of garbage disposal fee with bags, and continuously improve the participation rate of residents in garbage sorting.
The three-level force classification work is included in the government performance appraisal.
Nowadays, Shenzhen garbage classification has formed a three-level joint force model of "city, district and street". At the municipal level, the top-level design of overall planning and the establishment of specialized institutions will be carried out to gradually promote the establishment of a city-wide diversion and classification collection and transportation processing system and cultivate the industrial chain of the diversion and classification system.
In order to clarify the responsibilities at all levels, Shenzhen has established a responsibility implementation system to compact the garbage disposal and classified collection and transportation responsibilities of six types of institutions: districts, streets, communities, government agencies, enterprises and institutions, property service enterprises, catering enterprises, bazaars and collection, transportation and disposal enterprises, so as to ensure the implementation of garbage classification at all levels from the system; At the same time, the classification of domestic waste will be included in the performance appraisal of district governments, as well as the assessment of people’s livelihood, pollution control and cleaning, and ecological civilization, and the whole process of domestic waste classification will be supervised by means of information technology.
In terms of punishment, since last year, Shenzhen has carried out law enforcement actions for the first time in the whole city. The Urban Management Bureau and the Public Credit Center publicized eight cases of illegal information on garbage classification on the credit network for the first time, of which the maximum fine was 50,000 yuan, which forced the responsible person and related enterprises to carry out garbage classification, delivery and disposal in strict accordance with relevant laws and regulations.
The effect of garbage sorting in Shenzhen is gradually emerging. In the second, third and fourth quarters of 2018, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development inspected and assessed the classification of domestic waste in 46 key cities nationwide, and Shenzhen ranked second in a row. In the investigation in the first quarter of this year, Shenzhen’s garbage sorting work was also among the best.
Combined with the actual demand and current situation in Shenzhen, we will explore a charging model suitable for Shenzhen’s garbage collection and transportation, and Shenzhen’s garbage classification will continue to be deepened. The "Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Domestic Waste Classified Release Regulations" (draft) is expected to be promulgated and implemented within this year, and the "charge by quantity" of domestic waste may be written into this regulation. In the near future, Shenzhen will gradually establish a charging system for domestic waste treatment with classified pricing and metering charges in accordance with the principle of "whoever produces pays, pays more for more" and differentiated charging.
Barrel withdrawal plan: 3,600 communities will complete barrel withdrawal by the end of the year.
Removing barrels from floors can effectively ensure the hygiene between floors in the community and avoid mosquito breeding. In the first half of 2019, the garbage sorting mode of "centralized classified delivery+fixed-point supervision" was built in 805 communities in Shenzhen, and the kitchen waste was classified and delivered at a fixed time (from 7: 00 pm to 9: 00 pm every day), and party member, volunteers, enthusiastic residents and property managers were recruited as supervisors. A total of 2,671 supervisors in the city conducted on-site supervision at 2,630 centralized delivery points in 805 communities, covering 452,000 households and 1.53 million residents, and each centralized delivery point served about 172 households on average.
At present, the highest completion rate of floor barrel removal in Shenzhen is Baoan District. As early as 2013, Baoan District withdrew barrels from the pilot floor of the residential area in the central area. At present, the process of floor barrel removal in Baoan District has entered a white-hot stage. The reporter learned from Baoan District Urban Management Bureau that as of July 16, 160 of the 192 residential quarters with floor barrels in Baoan District have achieved floor barrel removal, with a completion rate of 83.33%.
Shenzhen Urban Management and Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau said that it is expected that by the end of this year, this model will be extended to 3,600 residential areas with property management in the city. This means that many communities that have placed trash cans on the floors have to "remove the buckets" and re-select points in the communities to set up garbage sorting and dropping points.
The reward mechanism community can receive a maximum subsidy of 300,000 yuan.
In order to encourage citizens to actively participate in garbage sorting, various districts in Shenzhen are exploring incentive mechanisms according to the actual situation. In 2016, Yantian District took the lead in exploring the construction of an ecological civilization "carbon coin" system. Through the "carbon coin" service platform, citizens can get "carbon coins" for renting public bicycles, saving water and electricity, and answering environmental protection questions. "Carbon coins" can be used to redeem offline coupons and prizes. At present, the household waste classification in Yantian District is also connected to the "carbon coin" system.
In Nanshan District, the urban management department takes the community as a unit to give certain material encouragement to the property communities that support the garbage sorting work, while the communities that do not support the garbage sorting work are included in the warning list of street city management work.
It is understood that Shenzhen also plans to spend 62.5 million yuan each year as an incentive subsidy fund for domestic waste classification, totaling 187.5 million yuan in three years. Encourage and subsidize 5,000 families, 1,000 individuals, 500 residential areas and unlimited units to promote waste sorting more effectively. Among them, the financial subsidy for "family with good domestic waste classification" is 2000 yuan; The financial subsidy for "Active Individual of Domestic Waste Classification" is 1000 yuan; The financial subsidy for the "Green Community of Domestic Waste Classification" is 100,000 yuan/1,000 households, and the maximum subsidy for the community does not exceed 300,000 yuan.
In view of the issuance of incentive subsidy funds, Shenzhen has also issued a plan to formulate specific evaluation criteria: families who accurately classify and put garbage into the site for no less than 120 days each year and participate in on-site supervision, home visits or publicity activities in residential areas for no less than 6 times each year can be rated as "good families"; Supervisors and volunteers who supervise and serve for no less than 200 hours throughout the year, as well as teachers who have made outstanding achievements in promoting the classification of domestic waste in schools, can be rated as "active individuals". For the evaluation of "green community" and "green unit", the scheme lists multi-level indicators including centralized delivery point and resource recycling station. (Text/Yangcheng Evening News reporter Lin Yuan Cartography/Huang Guodong)