If you open the column,　Great ideas lead great practice. In the process of continuous innovation and development of the supreme leader’s thought of rule of law, the the Supreme People’s Procuratorate Party Group has always aligned the supreme leader’s thought of rule of law with the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, and gradually formed a series of new concepts of procuratorial work in the new era, guiding the continuous innovation and development of procuratorial work in the new era. This newspaper will launch "Learning the Supreme Leader’s Thought of Rule of Law   Strengthening legal supervision in the new era "column, reporting the positive practice and achievements of procuratorial organs at all levels in implementing the supreme leader’s rule of law thought in an all-round and multi-angle way.

Looking back on the development history of procuratorial suggestions in the past 66 years, procuratorial suggestions have been closely related to social governance in the name of legal supervision since its birth.

● After retiring for many years, the Procurator-General of Huang Huoqing left a poem: "The communist ideal has been sworn, how can it stand by?" This is the values of the older generation of prosecutors, and it is also the original intention of the procuratorial suggestions to be reborn. When we find problems in handling cases, we should point them out. We cannot and should not turn a blind eye and keep silent.

● Wang Guiwu, an expert in procuratorial theory, thinks: "Because of the combination of handling cases and procuratorial suggestions, the energy of handling cases has been spread to all aspects within our power, and the social and political effects of handling cases have been brought into full play, which has found a good way to overcome the change of style of handling cases in isolation."

● the Supreme People’s Procuratorate sent the "No.1 Procuratorial Proposal" to the Ministry of Education for the first time, which aroused great concern in the society and opened a new period in the development history of procuratorial suggestions.

● The "legal dividend" brought by the improvement of the legal system in the fields of civil, administrative and public interest litigation to the development of procuratorial suggestions is amazing.

In the summer of 2020, the sun is passionate. Liaoning Anshan passenger station, the sea of people fluctuates, even heavy luggage can disappear into the crowd in an instant, and the sign of eliminating evil is still hanging in the corner, which is peaceful and harmonious. More than a year ago, it was like an absurd story novel: the "black boss" was bullying, the "underground law enforcement team" was parading through the city, and passengers and drivers were miserable.

On June 4, 2019, Anshan City Procuratorate discovered the problem of "black order" in the passenger station when examining the case of Luo Moumou and other 23 people suspected of organizing, leading and participating in underworld organizations, seeking trouble and extortion, and then issued procuratorial suggestions to the transportation department on passenger traffic management, and a vigorous passenger traffic rectification began. In August 2020, this procuratorial proposal was selected as "2019 Excellent Procuratorial Proposal for Social Governance of National Procuratorial Organs".

At that time, Liu Zhong, the head of the comprehensive management team of Anshan Procuratorate and an expert in procuratorial business in Liaoning Province, witnessed the introduction, promotion and follow-up supervision of this excellent procuratorial proposal. The senior prosecutor holds a 67-page PPT courseware of "Development and Practice of Procuratorial Suggestions", which contains a lot of historical content.

Looking back on the development history of procuratorial suggestions in the past 66 years, procuratorial suggestions have been closely related to social governance in the name of legal supervision since its birth. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, procuratorial organs have thoroughly implemented a series of important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the construction of the rule of law, always adhered to the people-centered principle in procuratorial suggestions, focused on solving outstanding problems in the field of the rule of law, and promoted the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity on the track of the rule of law, which has always shown a vigorous and endless vitality.

How did all this happen?

Introduction: late relief cotton-padded clothes and the death of Wang fool

How was the death of fool Wang discovered? No one remembers it, but it caused a stir in Tianjinwei in 1955.

Fool Wang is a bachelor in Shuangkou Township, a northern suburb. He doesn’t even have a formal name and lives on government relief. The village has heard that relief cotton-padded clothes will be distributed since half a month ago, but it has never been distributed. Near the winter solstice, it’s freezing, and Wang Fool wears thin clothes. Sometimes he stays at the door, and sometimes he sleeps on the floor in the house. On December 17th, the fourth day of the 11th lunar month, there was no reed in the heavy snow. Fool Wang finally got the relief cotton-padded clothes from the township government, but he failed to survive this winter and was frozen to death.

The death of Wang Fool attracted many rumors, which attracted the attention of Tianjin Procuratorate. On September 29, 1956, the Municipal Procuratorate instructed the Northern Suburb Procuratorate to investigate the cause of Wang Shazi’s death due to freezing. A prosecutor named Jin Bingqi accepted this task. After going to the countryside for investigation, he wrote a "Proposal of Tianjin Northern Suburb People’s Procuratorate" and sent it to the Civil Affairs Section of the Northern Suburb People’s Committee:

According to the Civil Affairs Bureau’s 1955 plan to strengthen the winter relief work, the relief cotton-padded clothes were required to be basically delivered to the rescued people by the end of November, but your department delivered them to the rescued people on December 17th, with a delay of about 20 days. After the delivery, you did not carefully check and lacked serious and responsible education for rural cadres. Although the relief was delivered, it lacked relief effect from the perspective of Wang Fool’s problem. I hope you can implement the policy instructions issued by your superiors in a timely and effective manner.

A week after the proposal was issued, Jin Bingqi got the Inspection of Freezing to Death by replying to the letter from the People’s Committee of the North Suburb. Firstly, the paper explained the distribution of relief cotton-padded clothes and said:

We think that Shuangkou Township failed to implement the superior policy in time to solve the problem of cotton-padded clothes for relief households, so it does not meet the requirements of the city and district, which is worth checking and correcting.

In addition, we think that the areas pointed out in your college’s proposal have not been carefully inspected after distribution, and there is a lack of serious and responsible education for townships and village cadres. For the lack of inspection below, our subjective attention to relief work is not enough. It is very poor to urge and help townships to do this work in time, which has caused losses, which should be taken as a warning. In addition to the in-depth inspection of this work, we have dispatched cadres to the townships to inspect the relevant relief work, and focused on helping and urging township cadres to do this work well to ensure that this kind of situation will not happen again.

Time flies, prosecutor Jin Bingqi has passed away, and the file of Wang Fool’s freezing death case has been sleeping, and no one has disturbed it.

However, the wheel of history is rolling forward, and every neglected footprint has promoted the pace of social progress. Sixty-four years later, these two yellowed handwritten documents were discovered by Beichen District Procuratorate (changed to Beichen District after the northern suburb) and reported to Tianjin Procuratorate.

Everyone who has read this yellowed handwritten file is amazed. This procuratorial proposal shows the concept of rule of law, humanistic care and legal supervision beyond the times.

According to Min Zhong, director of the People’s Procuratorate Museum, this is a typical case in which procuratorial organs used proposals to correct violations, safeguard the rights and interests of the masses, and safeguard the unified implementation of the Constitution and laws in the 1950s. "In this case, the procuratorial organ investigated the reasons behind Wang Fool’s abnormal death, found out that the relevant departments violated policies and laws in relief work, made a proposal, and urged the relevant departments to perform their duties according to law and improve their work. In 1950s, Tianjin was the largest and most prosperous industrial and commercial city in the north, and the procuratorial system and business construction were also carried out earlier, which gained good experience. This case can be seen. "

Through the wall of time, we can still see a lot of work content about procuratorial suggestions by browsing the website of Beichen District Procuratorate today. In order to serve the overall situation and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, procuratorial suggestions have consistently contributed to procuratorial wisdom.

Then, why did the procuratorate intervene in the incident that Wang Fool died of freezing 64 years ago? What is the legal basis for the Northern Suburb Procuratorate to issue this proposal to the Civil Affairs Section of the Northern Suburb People’s Committee?

Germination: distinctive characteristics of the times

The origin of every legal system stems from the internal social needs, is based on the normative legal text, and is attributed to the practice of legal organs.

In 2019, the 70th anniversary of the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Supreme People’s Procuratorate Information Office began to mobilize procuratorates at all levels to look for outstanding procuratorial suggestions in the past 70 years. However, the pursuit of history is too difficult.

In the early days of the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), except for some preliminary explorations in judicial practice in the revolutionary base areas, the procuratorial work was poor. Luo Ronghuan, the first Procurator-General of the Republic, pointed out at the beginning of his tenure: "The work of the Public Prosecutor’s Office (which was changed into a hospital in 1954) is a brand-new work. First of all, we should formulate an outline of the work organization of the Public Prosecutor’s Office, set up an organization as soon as possible and start work." In this case, drawing lessons from the Soviet procuratorial system, which has similarities in ideology and national conditions, has become the mainstream view.

The historical origin of procuratorial proposal can be traced back to the end of 1954. A document issued by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate stipulated three forms of supervision, namely, proposal, petition and protest. Among them, the proposal is used to put forward corrective opinions to the state organs or departments at the same level.

Looking back on the proposals made in the 1950s, they are all very exploratory, covering a wide range of fields, and have quite distinct characteristics of the times.

For example, on January 27, 1955, the staff of the Procuratorate of Hebei Province went to Dingxian County and heard people complain that "the food supply is insufficient, it is not enough to eat, and the supply standards are different."……",Ding County Procuratorate sent inspector Wang Yunshan to investigate, and put forward a proposal to Ding County Finance Committee in the name of Attorney General Han Linsan and Deputy Attorney General Li Hanzhang and Xue Baoshu. This is in line with the background of the times when it was necessary to ensure the normal operation of people’s production and life in the early days of the founding of the Republic. Its purpose is to ensure the realization of the policy of unified purchase and marketing of grain and to fight against illegal acts that undermine the grain policy.

It is an important duty of procuratorial organs to supervise the relevant organs and state functionaries to act according to law and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the people. Procuratorial organs, in combination with handling cases, will also put forward supervision and correction opinions in the form of proposals for illegal problems found in handling cases.

For example, in March 1956, the procuratorate of Huinong County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region found that rural cadres used their powers to arrest and detain citizens indiscriminately, and issued a proposal to the county people’s committee. The County People’s Committee attached great importance to it, and issued the proposal and the regulations on arrest and detention to the township governments in all districts to correct the illegal acts of rural cadres. This attitude of resolutely fighting against violations of law and discipline has undoubtedly played an important role in consolidating the party’s new political power.

Procuratorial supervision is also an early business area that used the proposal to carry out supervision work, and many provinces have related cases. For example, in 1957, the Procuratorate of Shiquan County, Shaanxi Province sent a proposal to the Public Security Bureau of Shiquan County, which aimed at the outstanding problems in the management of detention centers, such as lax discipline and chaotic management, especially in the protection of human rights, and actively urged rectification.

……

Not only is it rich in content, but also there are some bright spots in the proposal of the 1950s.

Yan Xiaodong, Propaganda Department of Liaoning Provincial Procuratorate, organized the work of searching for procuratorial suggestions in the history of the province, and they unearthed four proposals during the exploration period of socialist construction road in Liaoning Provincial Archives. Compared with the handwritten proposals of grass-roots institutes, the four proposals issued in 1955 and 1956 were printed in type, and three of them were vertical versions, which had a unified format specification. The title of all proposals is "Proposal of the People’s Procuratorate of Liaoning Province", the title is "Proposal to Correct the Reasons for the Illegal Activities of a certain person", and the document number is indicated below. The text details the reasons for the issuance of the proposal and the specific content of the proposal. The text is more than 2,000 words long, ending with "From this to a certain person", and finally the date of issuance and issuance is stamped with the seal of "People’s Procuratorate of Liaoning Province".

A noteworthy detail is that in the two procuratorial suggestions issued by the Liaoning Provincial Procuratorate in 1955, the signatures were directly signed by Attorney General Ruan Tu and Deputy Attorney General Wang Lie. Ruantu and Wang Lie were both old revolutionaries who joined the Party in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Liberation War in the late 1930s. As the first and second leaders of the procuratorial organs in Liaoning Province at that time, they were able to directly sign and issue proposals, which shows the importance attached to this work at that time.

Touch these signatures and cross a tunnel. In 2018, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate sent the "No.1 Procuratorial Proposal" to the Ministry of Education for the first time, which aroused great concern in the society and opened a new period in the development history of prosecutorial suggestions.

Perhaps, history always confirms each other inadvertently. The so-called "Do not forget your initiative mind" has never been an empty talk, but has been deeply imprinted in the bone marrow veins of prosecutors from generation to generation.

Dust-laden: twists and turns in special times

From 1955 to the first half of 1957, the procuratorial system in New China flourished.

Min Zhong told reporters: "In the procuratorial work in the 1950s, proposals and petitions were widely used. For example, in the first half of 1956, the People’s Procuratorate of Shaanxi Province issued 371 proposals, 300 petitions and 107 reports to the Party Committee. Applicable situations include cases in which industrial and mining enterprises and capital construction units violate labor laws and operating rules, cases in which agricultural cooperatives violate agricultural demonstration articles of association, cases in which forest protection laws and farm animals are protected, cases in which public-private joint ventures violate tax laws and capitalist transformation policies, and cases in which cadres violate laws and regulations. "

"Proposals and petitions constitute the predecessor of today’s procuratorial suggestions on social governance, and proposals and petitions for correcting illegal activities in criminal investigation activities and labor reform work constitute the predecessor of today’s procuratorial suggestions for correcting illegal activities." Min Zhong concluded.

"Since the second half of 1957, under the guidance of’ Left’ ideology and legal nihilism, the development of procuratorial organs has been tortuous." "When the well-known catastrophe came, the procuratorial organs were revoked and the personnel were dismissed, and the procuratorial work, including the proposal, completely lost its soil and space." Liu Zhong told reporters.

"The development of anything is not smooth sailing." This famous saying of Marxism-Leninism has been verified in the development history of procuratorial suggestions.

Restart: How can we just sit on the sidelines?

Proposal No.3 of Cangxian Procuratorate in Hebei Province describes a surprising rape case.

On the evening of April 11th, 1986, Guo Fengqin, a woman, plugged in the door and went to bed early because of power failure in Tuncun village, Li Long. At about 10 o’clock, she suddenly heard a noise at the outside door in the gloom, and then a black shadow jumped into the back room and came at her. At this point, she was ready to "fight" ideologically. When the gangster just jumped down, she fought with the gangster.……The next day, according to the physical characteristics provided by Guo Fengqin, the public security organs caught the criminal suspect "Black Hammer". He learned that Guo’s husband had gone out and didn’t come home, which gave birth to evil thoughts. As a result, he attempted rape and fell into the French Open.

What is intriguing is that the description of the case process in this proposal is very vivid, and the part of the proposal seems to be chatting with ordinary people:

A peasant woman can resist the attack of a middle-aged strong man. Why did Guo Fengqin defeat the rapist?

We believe that there are several main reasons: First, when the gangsters came at her, she didn’t panic, didn’t fear, and dared to fight to the death. This makes up for the lack of physical strength and makes the attempt to commit a crime unsuccessful. Secondly, she skillfully used psychological tactics, that is, while fighting gangsters, she called for help, which not only attracted the attention of the surrounding areas and obtained support, but also posed a certain psychological threat to criminals. Because any crime is guilty and timid, afraid of the masses. Third, she dared to attack the deadly parts of the enemy decisively in the case of insufficient physical strength and unfavorable situation, and turned defeat into victory.

In order to further improve the consciousness of the broad masses of women comrades in fighting criminals, more powerful people have emerged to defeat criminals. We suggest that:

First, we should widely publicize the typical case of Guo Fengqin. Vigorously advocate the tenacious spirit of fighting criminals, and the majority of women learn to use legal weapons to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, self-esteem, and strive to be the strong one to defeat criminals.

Two, to enable the majority of women to master some basic knowledge of defense and know how to defend against the weak links of criminals.……

Third, it is necessary to educate women to enhance their sense of social responsibility. Once they are bullied or infringed, they should report the case in time and actively assist the political and legal departments in catching criminals.……

Fourth, extensive legal education should be conducted on Women’s Day, so that women can understand that when public interests, personal and other rights of themselves or others are illegally violated, it is a legitimate right given to citizens by the Constitution to prevent, resist and fight back defensively. Only by actively fighting criminals can we be respected and respected by society.

This vivid and well-founded narrative style is not only a procuratorial proposal, but also a propaganda book on the rule of law. What is even more amazing is that the spirit of "the law can’t give in to lawlessness" reflected in the analysis of the causes of the case in the proposal and the concept of "encouraging citizens to defend themselves" highlighted in the proposal are completely consistent with the rule of law concept of activating the legitimate defense system in recent years.

How can the procuratorial proposal be reborn and release such fresh vitality?

"After the restoration and reconstruction of procuratorial organs in 1978, in order to realize the practical needs of comprehensive management of social security in cracking down on criminal cases that seriously endanger social security and economic crimes that undermine the socialist economic order, procuratorial organs began to use the form of procuratorial suggestions to put forward suggestions for improvement on the problems existing in the implementation of policies, laws, rules and regulations of the case-making units, plug loopholes and prevent the occurrence of illegal and criminal acts." Min Zhong introduced.

In fact, after ten years of turmoil, people’s desire for rational rules and stable order made the rule of law become an important way of comprehensive social governance again. Chen Guoqing, Deputy Procurator-General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, once talked about the background and value of the rebirth of procuratorial suggestions in his paper: "In 1981, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the policy of comprehensive management of social security, requiring local party committees, governments and judicial organs to take political, legal, economic, administrative and educational comprehensive measures to prevent and reduce the occurrence of crimes. Procuratorial suggestions are one of the important measures. "

Under such circumstances, on December 6, 1982, Huang Huoqing, the third procurator-general of the Republic, made a report on the Supreme People’s Procuratorate’s work at the fifth plenary session of the Fifth National People’s Congress, saying:

In the process of rectifying social order, many grass-roots procuratorates have also cooperated with public security and judicial departments to strengthen grass-roots organizations and work, and supported the broad masses of cadres and people in their struggle against illegal crimes. Moreover, extensive publicity on the legal system has been carried out to help the masses establish public security conventions and village rules and regulations, so that cadres and the masses can consciously abide by state laws and social ethics. Procuratorial organs at all levels have also handled cases, made timely suggestions on the loopholes in the management of some organs, enterprises and institutions, and helped the case-causing units to take measures, improve the system and strengthen management, which has played a certain role in preventing illegal crimes.

This is the first time that the procuratorial proposal has been written into the work report of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and submitted to the highest organ of state power.

After retiring for many years, the Procurator-General of Huang Huoqing once wrote a poem: "The communist ideal has been sworn, so how can we just sit on the sidelines?" This is the values of the older generation of prosecutors, and it is also the original intention of the procuratorial suggestions to be reborn. When we find problems in handling cases, we should point them out. We cannot and should not turn a blind eye and keep silent.

In 1983, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate issued a document stipulating the basic format of procuratorial suggestions, indicating that the application of procuratorial suggestions at that time was quite common and needed unified norms.

Wang Guiwu, a pioneer of procuratorial theory, pointed out in his book On Procuration that "procuratorial suggestions have achieved good social effects and promoted the’ comprehensive management’ of social security, which has been widely recognized and praised by the society and attracted the attention of state power organs."

Chen Pixian, then vice chairman of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), pointed out in the report of the National Political and Legal Conference on January 21, 1985: "Procuratorates and courts should find problems in the work and system of relevant units through handling cases, actively put forward judicial suggestions, promote rectification, improve the system and plug loopholes. For units that do not pay attention to judicial advice, some should use public opinion to criticize and cause serious consequences, and the relevant leaders should be held accountable. " Some local people’s congresses have even formulated local legal documents to strengthen procuratorial suggestions. For example, in 1985, the First People’s Congress of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province issued the Decision on Attaching Importance to the Role of Procuratorial and Judicial Suggestions, requiring relevant departments to give a written reply to procuratorial suggestions within one month.

From then on to 2002, procuratorial suggestions entered a relatively stable development period and quietly entered the category of social governance.

Development: It comes from individual cases and returns to the public interest.

In the whole development history of procuratorial suggestions, there is always a question: government departments and social institutions have their own duties, why do you have more suggestions from procuratorial organs?

It comes from individual cases and returns to the public interest, which is one of the answers that can be summarized by looking at the procuratorial proposals from the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century.

Procuratorial organs, when performing the function of legal supervision, especially when prosecutors examine and prosecute cases, can deeply understand various gray or even black areas of society and their hidden rules, and can put forward rectification suggestions to the crime unit and relevant departments accordingly. Therefore, for quite some time, procuratorial suggestions were regarded as an expansion of procuratorial functions, and the problems found in handling cases were promptly fed back and informed to relevant government departments and social institutions.

For example, Wang Guiwu, an expert in procuratorial theory, thinks: "Because of the combination of handling cases and procuratorial suggestions, the energy of handling cases has been spread to all aspects within our power, and the social and political effects of handling cases have been brought into full play, which has found a good way to overcome the work style of handling cases in isolation."

Learning from the past, the role of procuratorial organs has also been recognized by the central authorities. For example, in August, 1998, the Central Committee for Comprehensive Management of Social Security "Notice on the Responsibilities and Tasks of Member Units Participating in Comprehensive Management" will put forward suggestions on crime prevention in combination with "analyzing and mastering the characteristics of duty crimes, economic crimes and other criminal crimes in various periods and industries"; Promote relevant departments to establish and improve rules and regulations, plug loopholes, and improve preventive mechanisms "as a task to deploy and arrange for procuratorial organs.

"Procuratorial suggestions are rooted in the judicial functions of procuratorial organs, and the contents involved are of public interest and produced through legal procedures. They are serious and authoritative and should be effective in a wider range of fields." Zhang Jianwei, a professor at Tsinghua University Law School, said in an interview.

Under the background of China’s rapid economic development and social development, this kind of observation and suggestion from the perspective of procuratorial work not only has long-term focus areas, but also shows distinct characteristics of keeping pace with the times.

One: escort economic development

Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, "taking economic construction as the center" has penetrated into every corner of social life. China’s economy is always running in the fast lane, and people’s desire for material and money is unprecedented, but various social management systems are still being established.

Since 1980s, there have been more and more criminal cases related to economic development, such as tax evasion and major liability accidents, and there are often loopholes in the system behind extreme criminal cases.

For example, in 1988, when handling a tax evasion case, the Procuratorate of Kunming City, Yunnan Province found that the local policy was inconsistent with the national policy, so it asked the provincial and municipal tax bureaus to clearly explain the procuratorial suggestions on the demarcation of the policy of levying or exempting construction tax in sanatoriums. In the view of the Yunnan Provincial Procuratorate, "this expansion from case prevention to advising tax authorities to clean up similar phenomena is a typical case of maintaining the unity of the national legal system. The procuratorial suggestions are fluent, detailed, reasoned and accurate, fully demonstrating the value of legal supervision by procuratorial organs in the overall situation of social governance."

Major liability accident is a concern of many procuratorates.

For example, in 1986, a fire broke out in Tangqiao Theater in Shazhou County, Jiangsu Province. After the case, Shazhou County Procuratorate (the predecessor of Zhangjiagang Procuratorate) issued procuratorial suggestions to Tangqiao Township Government, electrical installation team and theater.

In 1995, a "5.13" catastrophic fire accident occurred in the timber storage plant of Ganhe Forestry Company in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. After the investigation of the case ended, the Oroqen Autonomous Banner Procuratorate issued a procuratorial proposal, suggesting that Ganhe Forestry Company should give disciplinary sanctions to eight people respectively.

On December 23, 2003, a serious blowout accident occurred in Luojia 16H well in Kaixian County (now Kaizhou District), Chongqing, which killed 243 people, injured more than 4,000 people, and evacuated nearly 100,000 people in the disaster area overnight, causing huge economic losses to the country. On the basis of investigating and dealing with related crimes according to law, Chongqing Procuratorate put forward suggestions to Sichuan Petroleum Administration Bureau, the competent authority, such as further enhancing safety awareness, improving various rules and regulations, and strengthening the qualification examination and training assessment of technicians.

……

Looking through the original text of these procuratorial suggestions, the reporter found that there were not only issues, but also feedback. For example, after receiving the procuratorial suggestions, Sichuan Petroleum Administration Bureau organized the theme safety education activities in time, cleared out more than 200 standards, systems and norms that did not meet the needs of the development situation, revised and improved 30 systems and norms, and conducted training for front-line staff.

The person in charge of the Legal and Policy Research Office of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate believes that the procuratorial organs’ high attention to major liability accidents reflects that "putting people’s lives and property safety first" is not an empty talk. The procuratorial organs not only punish crimes, but also strive to prevent crimes and reduce the occurrence of safety liability accidents.

Second: Prevention of duty crimes

On September 12, 1987, People’s Daily published a communication report entitled "The Arrest of Jiang Zhengguo, a Great Corrupt Person".

Jiang Zhengguo is the chief of the Finance Department of Wujin County (now Wujin District) Fertilizer Plant in Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province. He used more than 20 methods, such as falsely listing special funds and special project expenditures, falsely increasing bank deposits and expenditures, falsely reducing bank deposit income and altering forged bills, to commit more than 200 crimes, and the amount of corruption was nearly 1.3 million yuan, which was a figure that shocked the whole country 30 years ago.

When Wujin County Procuratorate handled the case, it issued a procuratorial suggestion to Wujin Fertilizer Plant, suggesting that the plant establish relevant rules and regulations to plug the criminal loopholes. It is worth mentioning that the reporter found that the original file of this procuratorial proposal includes not only the original proposal, but also the 20 pages related to the subsequent whole chapter establishment process.

In the 1980s and 1990s, corruption gradually became the focus of society, and procuratorial suggestions became an important starting point for the prevention of duty crimes by procuratorial organs.

In particular, on October 30, 1992, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate issued the Notice on Strengthening the Prevention of Corruption and Bribery Crimes, demanding that "in combination with handling cases, targeted procuratorial suggestions be put forward to help the crime-causing units sum up experiences and lessons, improve management and strengthen prevention, especially to take measures to promote the establishment of an effective restraint mechanism for preventing corruption and bribery crimes in law enforcement departments and positions that directly control people, money and materials".

In this context, at that time, procuratorial organs all over the country attached great importance to feeding back the problems found in handling corruption cases to the case-issuing units in the form of procuratorial suggestions.

For example, in 2012, the First Branch of Beijing Procuratorate first issued a procuratorial suggestion to the Ministry of Health on the problems found in the process of handling the bribery case of Zhang Minyuan, former deputy director of the Personnel Department of the Ministry of Health. The Ministry of Health attached great importance to this, and three ministerial leaders of the Ministry of Health at that time gave special instructions on this procuratorial suggestion. In the same period, the hospital also issued similar case procuratorial suggestions to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on the problems found in eight cases involving job-related crimes in the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, such as Yuxin Liu, deputy director of the Department of Construction Market Supervision of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and put forward rectification suggestions on the problems existing in business management, industry management, cadre management and work style construction, especially the qualification certification of construction enterprises.

Third: Keep an eye on the safety of the supervision place.

Life in the "big wall" has always been very mysterious to the general public. For prison prosecutors, this is their daily battlefield, and everything needs to be transparent and open. In order to supervise the safety of places, they even have to adopt the tactics of "urgent marking", and the content of "marking" is varied.

As small as what prisoners eat. For example, in 1992, the Xinhua District Procuratorate in Yichun, Jiangxi Province found that there were loopholes and hidden dangers in the management of financial files and canteen procurement in the fourth reform-through-labour detachment of Jiangxi Province when handling the corruption case of Zhang Shaohong, the cashier of the fourth reform-through-labour detachment of Jiangxi Province, so it issued a comprehensive management procuratorial proposal to the detachment to strengthen the management of financial files and material procurement and to transfer the parties involved in the case from their financial posts. The proposal was personally signed by Zhou Xiaolin, then the chief procurator of the hospital, and Yuan Jiali, the detachment leader of the Fourth Reform-through-Labor Detachment of Jiangxi Province, personally signed the reply.

It involves the safety of prisons and other places of supervision. For example, at the beginning of 2014, the procurator of the supervision office of Luzhai District Procuratorate in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region found in the supervision and inspection of the daily supervision activities of the supervision places that prisoners in individual prison areas of Guizhong Prison carried their mobile phones into the prison through migrant workers outside the prison. After investigation and verification, the Luzhai District Procuratorate issued procuratorial suggestions to Guizhong Prison in combination with two cases of joint corruption of prison staff and prisoners handled by the hospital in 2013. After the procuratorial suggestion was issued, Guizhong Prison quickly carried out a major investigation of potential safety hazards, timely "filled in leaks", improved the regulations on the management of foreign personnel, strengthened the supervision of detainees, strengthened the duty education and preventive education for prison staff, and ensured the safety of prison supervision places.

Fourth: Respond to the examination questions of the times and pay attention to the new economic form.

In 1999, Ma Huateng began to launch QQ chat software. In 2003, Ma Yun established Taobao. In 2013, Meituan’s takeaway brother was born. In 2018, China’s express delivery industry exceeded 50 billion.……In the first 20 years of the new century, the Internet swept through every detail of China people’s lives with lightning speed, and the new economic form with the Internet as the carrier constantly tested the country’s economic management and social governance level.

How do procuratorial organs respond to the examination questions of the times?

In 2014, the Procuratorate of Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province found that criminal cases involving guns and explosions, selling fake and inferior products, selling drugs and so on, which were derived from the regulatory defects of express logistics industry, increased year by year, and the possibility of using express logistics as a transportation channel for terror tools was rising.

The institute sent procuratorial suggestions on social governance to seven units, including local logistics office and e-commerce office, assisted the Party committee and government to set up the Postal Administration, the first express logistics supervision department in county-level cities in China, and urged the gradual establishment of a strict inspection system for express delivery and real-name registration system. Relevant suggestions were absorbed by the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Public Security Prevention and Control System issued by the State Council of China, and were transformed into 100% express delivery inspection, express delivery real-name registration system and X-ray machine security inspection system, which played an important role in G20 Summit and world internet conference security work.

The new economic model also has an important impact on the judiciary itself, such as electronic evidence. At the beginning of 2018, the Procuratorate of Jinshan District of Shanghai carried out special inspections on cases involving electronic evidence transferred by public security organs in the district in the past two years, sorted out and analyzed the problems existing in the collection, extraction, transfer and display of electronic evidence, and made a list of problems, combing more than 30 problems in five categories in combination with specific cases. For the problems found, we will analyze the causes of the problems together with the Legislative Affairs Office of the District Public Security Bureau, and jointly study the solutions. On this basis, we will put forward feasible and operational solutions.

Predictably, in the context of the Internet, the emerging process of new economic forms is bound to be accompanied by various problems, and procuratorial suggestions can also reflect more of their own value.

Fifth: Pay attention to minors.

On February 4th, 2015, the first civil affairs department in China applied to revoke the judgment of the custody case, thus the concept of national custody of minors was the first in judicial practice, and it was a procuratorial suggestion from the tongshan district Procuratorate in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province that promoted this case.

It turned out that the tongshan district Procuratorate accepted a rape case in 2013. A little girl under the age of ten was sexually assaulted, molested and beaten by her biological father.……In the end, the court sentenced the father to 11 years in prison for rape and deprived him of political rights for one year. Zhang Hong, the case handler, was thinking: "Can the law only do this? This problem has always been like a stone in my heart. " On January 5, 2015, tongshan district Procuratorate issued a procuratorial proposal to the District Civil Affairs Bureau, suggesting that the District Civil Affairs Bureau, as the applicant, file a lawsuit to the court to revoke the custody of the little girl’s parents. Two days later, the District Civil Affairs Bureau filed a complaint with the District Court, applying to revoke the custody of her parents according to law and appoint another suitable guardian.

This case successfully activated the "zombie clause" of revoking custody, and was written into the white paper "Progress of Human Rights in China in 2014" by the State Council Information Office. It was successively awarded the Top Ten Cases of Judicial Protection of Minors in China and the Top Ten Cases of Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women and Children in China according to law, which was called a "milestone" event in the process of protecting minors in China.

In fact, the protection of minors’ rights and interests has always been an important part of the work of criminal prosecution departments, and many typical representatives such as "unchecked sisters" and "unchecked mothers" have emerged. Before the Supreme People’s Procuratorate set up a separate juvenile procuratorate office, many grass-roots procuratorates tried to set up a "juvenile crime handling team" in the public prosecution department to judge the phenomenon of juvenile crime.

For example, when the Procuratorate of Ding ‘an County of Hainan Province handled a criminal case of 11 evil gangs headed by Du Moumou, the unchecked department found that the suspects in the case were all teenagers born after 1990 and 00 except Du Moumou, and 8 of them were under 18 years old when they committed the crime. The procuratorate made a statistical analysis of juvenile delinquency in Ding ‘an County since 2017, and issued procuratorial suggestions to the Education Bureau of Ding ‘an County, in order to comprehensively improve the legal awareness of primary and secondary school students in Ding ‘an County, strengthen campus safety and prevent juvenile delinquency.

Sixthly: incarnate as a public interest spokesman.

In the procuratorial system, to measure the success of a case, prosecutors usually have a mantra: to achieve "organic unity of political effect, legal effect and social effect."

Where is the social effect? Who will judge? The answer is only the masses. The judgment of the masses has never been based on "mouth", but on the details of life in food, clothing, housing and transportation.

There are thousands of roads, and safety comes first. In 2014, the Procuratorate of Taoshan District, qitaihe city City, Heilongjiang Province, found that among the drug addicts who were being forcibly isolated by the Anti-drug Detachment of the Municipal Public Security Bureau according to law, three of them held the motor vehicle driver’s license issued by the traffic police detachment of the Municipal Public Security Bureau but did not cancel it, and then issued a procuratorial proposal to the traffic police detachment of the qitaihe city Public Security Bureau, suggesting to perform the administrative duty of canceling the driver’s license of "three types of drug addicts". In 2015, the case was rated as a top-quality civil administrative procuratorial case by the national procuratorial organs. The procuratorial organs eliminated the hidden danger of "drug driving" by carrying out administrative law enforcement supervision, which provided a strong guarantee for the people to create a safe road traffic environment.

Health is the well-being of the people. In 2014, the Chongqing Municipal Procuratorate comprehensively summarized 107 cases of crimes endangering drug safety prosecuted by the city’s procuratorial organs from January 2012 to December 2013, issued procuratorial suggestions to the Chongqing Food and Drug Administration, and deeply analyzed the purchase and sale of counterfeit drugs in different places through mail order, telephone, television, online shopping and other channels, and provided cover for the sale of counterfeit drugs by contracting hospital departments, calling pharmaceutical companies, renting counters of chain pharmacies, etc. In rural areas, pharmacies and traveling doctors produce and sell counterfeit drugs and pass health care products off as drugs, which endanger drug safety. Four specific suggestions are put forward, such as strengthening daily supervision, strengthening rural drug supervision, doing a good job in special rectification and strengthening supervision capacity building.

Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. In 2018, the central government’s "Special Supervision on Environmental Protection of Urban Black and Odor Water Remediation" work, the Shanghai Chongming District Procuratorate found that three township governments in this district failed to perform their duties in river management, and 10 rivers in the three towns were seriously polluted by oil and black water. The indicators such as ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen and transparency in water bodies were obviously not up to standard, and social public interests continued to be infringed. Chongming District Court initiated public interest litigation procedures according to law and established the "8.06" black and odorous river handling group. The procurator-general will lead the public interest litigation procurator to find out the responsibilities of villages and towns in river regulation in time, determine the main body of performing their duties, carry out related work, and make pre-litigation procuratorial suggestions to the three towns. Supervise the administrative organs to perform their duties by means of pre-litigation procuratorial suggestions, and promote the ecological environment management of the Yangtze River.

One by one, in the past two years, from ecological environment protection to food and drug safety, cultural heritage and national dignity protection, people’s food, clothing, housing and transportation have become the business areas of procuratorial organs.

Broadening: the "legal dividend" of realization

From the above types of development of procuratorial suggestions, it can be found that the contents of traditional procuratorial suggestions are mostly to prevent illegal crimes and remind relevant departments to strengthen the whole chapter system in handling criminal cases. The cases after 2010 involve a much broader scope.

In fact, although procuratorial suggestions were established as a way of civil and administrative litigation supervision in the Rules for Handling Civil Administrative Protest Cases of People’s Procuratorates promulgated by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate in 2001, they are always in a cautious exploration state because of the lack of national legal support.

This situation was completely changed in 2012.

The revised Civil Procedure Law in 2012 formally defined "procuratorial suggestions" as a statutory supervision method, which means that the supervision form of procuratorial suggestions in civil litigation supervision has changed from practical exploration to legal system. In terms of data performance, the number of civil procuratorial suggestions has exploded since 2013. In that year, the national procuratorial organs issued 64,351 civil procuratorial suggestions, compared with 36,531 criminal procuratorial suggestions and 4,636 administrative procuratorial suggestions in the same year.

In June 2017, the newly revised Administrative Procedure Law established the important position of procuratorial suggestions in administrative public interest litigation, which marked that procuratorial suggestions ushered in a new development opportunity. The number of administrative procuratorial suggestions has increased explosively from 3,167 in 2016 to 35,923 in 2017, the highest in the past years. In 2018, procuratorial suggestions before administrative public interest litigation began to be counted separately, reaching 23,356 in that year and 103,076 in 2019.

Looking at the leopard in the tube, the data speaks, and the improvement of the legal system in the fields of civil, administrative and public interest litigation brings the "legal dividend" to the development of procuratorial suggestions, which is amazing. Since then, procuratorial suggestions have been widely expanded in the application field, ending the history of "walking on one leg". In 2018, more than 250,000 procuratorial suggestions were issued nationwide, almost twice as many as in 2017, and the number of criminal, civil and administrative procuratorial suggestions was almost equal.

2020, a new historical intersection. Standing on the new era coordinates, procuratorial organs thoroughly implement the supreme leader’s thought of rule of law, give full play to the function of legal supervision, cast their vision into a broader space, discover more plasticity and possibility of procuratorial suggestions, and bring more "legal dividends" to the broader people.

(Reporter Zhang Yu of Fiona Fang)

Image source: the idea of the worm

Many times, we don’t know exactly what the strict definitions of foreign trade and cross-border are, because we won’t make a detailed distinction between them without touching the actual sea business. Foreign trade and cross-border e-commerce are actually very similar, but if you list them, you can still find out the relevant differences. First of all, for foreign trade, it covers a wide range, and the goods suspected of trading are not limited to physical objects, and foreign trade tends to be wholesale, just like B2B trading, and it is more complicated in tax declaration. Compared with foreign trade, cross-border e-commerce has not developed for a long time, mainly for individual overseas consumers. To sum up, it belongs to a trading model with small quantity, many types and large batches.

According to the differences between cross-border and foreign trade, we can sum up the following points:

1, the main body is different:

In the foreign trade market, enterprises expand overseas markets by promoting their own goods and services through information channels to attract foreign merchants. Therefore, from the perspective of communication methods, foreign trade belongs to information flow.

From the perspective of cross-border platforms, merchants directly publish commodity information through platforms or self-built stations, in order to complete commodity transactions. From this point of view, cross-border e-commerce takes the commodity flow.

2. Different links:In the foreign trade market, because they are all commodities, time and cost enterprises will not obviously consider optimization in import and export links and other places.

In cross-border e-commerce, both the time and cost of transportation will affect the final transaction and profit of goods, so merchants should compliment these links, try to reduce costs and improve efficiency as much as possible.

3. Different trading methods:In foreign trade, the double-sending transaction mode is offline, or the transaction is not connected to the third-party payment platform. In cross-border e-commerce, both parties to the transaction and the transaction mode are generated by the platform, and the payment also needs the intervention of a third-party payment platform.

4. Different taxes:Because foreign trade often involves large-scale transactions, it is complicated to make tax declaration in customs examination, which involves not only value-added tax but also consumption tax. Cross-border e-commerce, as a business-to-individual transaction, is simpler in terms of taxation. Sometimes you may only involve a postal tax.

5. Different modes:The basic mode of foreign trade is B2B direction, which is the product of the initial stage of global trade development. The mainstream trade model of cross-border e-commerce is B2C, which is the inevitable result of the development of global trade. Cross-border e-commerce has broken the operation mode of traditional foreign trade e-commerce, but now the boundary between cross-border e-commerce and foreign trade is becoming more and more blurred.

The advantages of To C to ToB are as follows:

Advantages of product selection:C-end sellers are more skilled than traditional B-end sellers in product selection and testing, and get market feedback earlier.

Operational advantages:C-side sellers are much better than traditional B-side sellers in operation and promotion, especially in advertising material planning, crowd positioning and data optimization.

Service advantages:A large number of overseas buyers turn online, and small and medium-sized sellers are small orders and multiple batches (less than 500 pieces), so C-end sellers can provide better service.

Therefore, at this stage, for many enterprises, especially when the C-side cross-border operation is relatively mature, it is still very advantageous and full of opportunities to consider cutting into the ToB market!

(Source: Michael talks about cross-border)

The above content belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hugo’s cross-border position! This article is reproduced with the authorization of the original author, and it needs the authorization and consent of the original author. ?

County (city, district) people’s governments and units directly under the municipal government:

The reconstruction of villages in Lishui city is the key work of our city in 2020. Under the strong leadership of the municipal party committee and municipal government, liandu and all units directly under the municipal government unite and cooperate, and the urban cadres at the two levels who participated in the transformation of urban villages vigorously promoted and practiced the revolutionary spirit in southwest Zhejiang, fully implemented the "Lishui Dry", focused on the goal of "clean land", and fought day and night to win the urban village transformation, from which a large number of advanced collectives and individuals emerged.

In order to commend the advanced and set a good example, the municipal government decided to give administrative rewards to 20 collectives such as liandu People’s Government and 150 individuals such as Zhang Dong, who were outstanding in promoting the urban village reconstruction in liandu and directly under the municipal government, according to the Interim Measures for Administrative Awards in Zhejiang Province and the Assessment Measures for Urban Village Reconstruction in 2020.

I hope that the collectives and individuals who are rewarded will guard against arrogance and rashness, make persistent efforts and create new achievements. All localities, departments and the broad masses of cadres and the masses in the city should take the advanced as an example, take Do not forget your initiative mind as an example, keep in mind the mission, make positive progress and strive hard, carry forward and practice the "revolutionary spirit in southwest Zhejiang", take the "dry of Lishui" as the main task, and make new and greater contributions to the high-quality green development of the city.

Attachment: List of Collective and Individual Administrative Awards for Reconstruction of Villages in Lishui City in 2020

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　Lishui Municipal People’s Government

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　June 24, 2021

(This piece is publicly released)

attachment

Reconstruction of Villages in Lishui City in 2020

List of administrative reward collectives and individuals

I. Collective Awards (20 in total)

1. Class II (1).

Liandu Municipal People’s Government

2. Class III (4).

Lishui housing and urban construction bureau

Lishui comprehensive administration law enforcement bureau

Lishui natural resources and planning bureau

Lishui labor resources social security bureau

3. Awards (15).

Lishui land and house levy research guidance center

Lishui bureau of finance

Lishui urban construction investment co., ltd

Lishui auditing bureau

Lishui Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government Bureau for Letters and Calls

Lishui daily newspaper

Lishui radio & TV reception desk

Lishui Municipal People’s Government State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission

Lishui Bureau of Public Security liandu Branch Bureau

Liandu people’s court

Liandu Yanquan sub-district office

Liandu Zijin sub-district office

Liandu Baiyun sub-district office

Liandu wanxiang sub-district office

Liandu Liancheng sub-district office

II. Individual Award (150 persons in total)

1. Class II (8 persons).

Zhang Dong, Deputy Director of Lishui Finance Bureau

Chen Yuebo, Vice Chairman of liandu CPPCC

Ye Zhaojun Director of Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau Office

Li Xinhua Member of the Party Group and Director of the Office of Lishui Civil Affairs Bureau

Cai Zhubin Director, Real Estate Market Supervision Department, Lishui Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau

Pan Jingjie Senior Engineer of Lishui Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau

Wu Changping Director of Resettlement Management Department of Lishui Land and Housing Expropriation Research Guidance Center

Bu Guangfu Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Wanxiang Street, liandu

2. Class III (42 people).

Fu Daixing, Second Investigator of Lishui Audit Bureau

Ye Jianguang Deputy Secretary-General of Lishui Municipal Government

Wei Rongkun, Deputy Director of Lishui Municipal Committee Network Office

Deputy Director, Research and Guidance Center for Land and Housing Expropriation, Lishui City, Zhang Xiaohong (presiding)

Yu Haixiong, Vice Chairman of liandu CPPCC

Rao Junfei, Grade 4 Investigator of directly under the authority Working Committee of Lishui Municipal Committee.

Zheng Jinkang, Grade IV Investigator of Lishui Emergency Management Bureau

Fan Guanman, Grade 4 Investigator, Lishui Natural Resources and Planning Bureau

Cai Linhai, Vice President of Lishui Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Land Survey, Surveying and Mapping Planning Institute

Liying Lishui Agriculture and Rural Bureau Breeding and Agricultural Mechanization Department (Animal Health

Director (director) of supervision office

Chen Lisen, second-level director of Lishui Construction Bureau

Zhou Miaosen, second-level director of Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Tao Rongmin, deputy captain and second-level director of Yanquan Law Enforcement Team of Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Wu Songsong Minister of Economic Security Legal Work Department of Lishui City Federation of Trade Unions

First-class member of Audit Department of Lishui Financial Treasury Payment Center, Xu Lingling

Wu Wei, Senior Director of Lishui Social and Economic Investigation Team.

Wang Pinwei, Director of liandu Municipal People’s Congress Law Committee

Lan Weiyan, Deputy Director of the Office of the Standing Committee of liandu Municipal People’s Congress

Ma Yimin, Deputy Director of liandu Municipal People’s Congress Financial and Economic Committee

Lan Linyu, Deputy Director of liandu Municipal People’s Congress Social Construction Committee

Wang Weirong, Vice Chairman of the Financial and Economic Committee of liandu Municipal People’s Congress

Ye Guanjun, Deputy Director of liandu Government Office

Li Hao Director of Baiyun Police Station, liandu Branch of Lishui Public Security Bureau

Fan Xiujuan, Deputy Director of the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres of Liandu District Committee

Jiang Jianwei, Director of Health Testing and Evaluation Center of liandu Health Bureau.

Liang Congnv, second-level director of liandu Women’s Federation

Ye Xiaoli Deputy Chief, Public Administration Section, liandu Administrative Service Center

Ye Liu Jun, Party Secretary and Director of liandu Collection Guidance Center

Wang Fengyuan, Chief of Land Expropriation Management Section, liandu Expropriation Guidance Center

Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Yanquan Street, liandu City, Zhou Yajun

Jin Yilin Deputy Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Yanquan Street, liandu

Deputy Secretary and Director of the Office of the Party Working Committee of Zijin Street, liandu City, Li Weijun

Shu Lihong Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Baiyun Street, liandu

Deputy Director, Baiyun Sub-district Office, liandu City, Liu Jinping

Fu Hua, Director of liandu Wanxiang Sub-district Office

Wang Yongjian, Deputy Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Vientiane Street, liandu, and the third-level director.

Guo Yuwei, Deputy Director of liandu Wanxiang Sub-district Office

Zhao Ji Director of the People’s Congress Working Committee of Liancheng Street, liandu

Wu Chaoyong, Executive Deputy Director of liandu Liancheng Sub-district Office

Ying Yongsheng, Chairman of the People’s Congress of Laozhu Shezu Town, liandu

Yang Yaowu, Chairman of People’s Congress of Yaxi Town, liandu

Yang Weili liandu Ecological Forestry Development Center Liancheng Forestry Work Central Station Cadre

3. Awards (100 persons).

Blue Party B is a cadre of the Development Research Office of Lishui Municipal Committee

Chen Gang, Director of Comprehensive Seventh Division of Lishui Municipal Government Office

Ye Dong Deputy Director of Lishui Land and Housing Expropriation Research and Guidance Center

He Yuewu Director, Political and Legal Teaching and Research Section, Lishui Municipal Party School

Wu Jinhua, Vice President of Administrative Court of Lishui Intermediate People’s Court

Ding Jiawei, the third-level director of Lishui Municipal Bureau of Justice

Wang Songshan, the third-level director of the Administrative Law Enforcement Supervision Department of Lishui Municipal Bureau of Justice

Houlinlin Lishui Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau Termite Prevention and Treatment Station Cadres

Luo Qiwen, Senior Investigator of Yanquan Law Enforcement Team, Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Deputy captain and second-level director of Baiyun Law Enforcement Team of Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau, Zhou Zhikai

Ji Wei Captain of Vientiane Law Enforcement Team of Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Huang Yinghua, second-level director of Vientiane Law Enforcement Team, Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Yao Rongli, second-level director of Vientiane Law Enforcement Team, Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Ye Qingyou, Captain of Liancheng Law Enforcement Team of Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Director, Use Control Division, Lishui Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Liu Zhenhai

Chen Yongchun Deputy Director of Real Estate Registration Center of Lishui Natural Resources and Planning Bureau

Lan Chengyong, deputy captain and second-level director of Lishui Natural Resources Administrative Law Enforcement Team

Director of Liancheng Institute of Natural Resources, Liandu Branch of Lishui Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Liu Zhihui

Hu Zhengyuan, Chief Financial Officer of Lishui Financial Supervision and Management Center

Shi Jianlu, a retired cadre of Lishui Municipal Committee of Zhejiang Province, China Education Union.

Liu Bijun, Deputy Director, Market Contract Department, Lishui Municipal Market Supervision Administration

Li Yi, Deputy Director of Lishui Market Development Service Center

Huang Yifan Director, Financial Development Division, Lishui Financial Office

Ying Xiaoli Director of Lishui International Investment Promotion Center

He Aimei, second-level director of Lishui Medical Insurance Service Center

Li Haifeng, section chief and second-level chief of supervision department of Lishui labor security supervision detachment

He Jinxun Senior Engineer, Lishui Ecological Forestry Development Center

Jie Deming, second-level director of Lishui Water Conservancy Bureau

Cadres of Lishui Transportation Bureau, Wang Xiaojun

Fu Peiwu, second-level director of Lishui Traffic and Transportation Law Enforcement Team

Cadres of Lishui Disabled Persons’ Federation in Liu Jianyong

Liu Junguang Deputy Chief, Dispatching Section, Official Car Service Center, Lishui Municipal Authority

Lei Dongrong, cadre and chief editor of the editorial office of Lishui Radio and Television General Station

Lan Wu Peng Lishui Daily Staff

Ye Hanming, engineer of Lishui City Construction Investment Co., Ltd.

Zhu Yinyou Employees of Lishui Agricultural Investment Development Co., Ltd.

Peng Cong Deputy Director of Landscaping Department of Lishui Water Conservancy Project Operation Management Co., Ltd.

Sang Xiaoming, Deputy Director of the Working Committee of CPPCC members in liandu (retain the official level)

Lin Zhengke, deputy head of the liandu Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision in the sixth group.

Ye Yongwei Director of Zijin Police Station, liandu Branch of Lishui Public Security Bureau

Zhu Zhihua Instructor of Wanxiang Police Station of liandu Branch of Lishui Public Security Bureau

Ding Feijun Director of Liancheng Police Station of liandu Branch of Lishui Public Security Bureau

Weng Wenhui First-class Sheriff of Tianning Police Station, liandu Branch of Lishui Public Security Bureau

Zeng Zhaojun Lishui City Public Security Bureau liandu Branch Yanquan Police Station

Lu Tufa, the first-level director of liandu Justice Bureau.

Zheng Lin Tu liandu Civil Affairs Bureau level 4 researcher.

Zhang Xiaojing, Principal of Social Affairs Section of liandu Civil Affairs Bureau

Liang Bo, Chief, Policy and Regulation Section, liandu Human Resources and Social Security Bureau

Xie Chunlian, cadre of liandu Human Resources and Social Security Bureau

Huangfei Liandu District Committee Organizing Cadres

Yu Yonghong, cadre of liandu Education Bureau

Zhu Feng, cadre of liandu Education Bureau

Liu Xudong, cadre of liandu Education Safety Management Guidance Center

Hu Aijun, the first-level director of liandu Finance Bureau

Lin Yishu, first-class clerk of liandu Finance Treasury Payment Center.

Pan Linming, cadre of liandu Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau

Shang Yawei, Chief of Cadastral Management Section and Second-level Chief of liandu Natural Resources and Planning Branch.

Xu Huanhua, Chief, Housing Expropriation Management Section, liandu Land and Housing Expropriation Guidance Center

Ye Xin, Chief, Comprehensive Section, liandu Land and House Expropriation Guidance Center

Gao Heping liandu Land and House Expropriation Work Guidance Center Cadres

Cadre of Zhang Liping liandu Land and House Expropriation Work Guidance Center

Wu Jianmei, Senior Engineer, liandu Agriculture and Rural Bureau

Yinglinhuo Senior Agronomist, liandu Agriculture and Rural Bureau

Zhao Yulian, Senior Agronomist, liandu Agriculture and Rural Bureau

Hong Qiangxiong, engineer of Liandu Forest Farm, liandu Ecological Forestry Development Center.

Yong Tao Engineer of liandu Chengdong Water Conservancy Service Center Station

Zhu Jianyong, Deputy Director of liandu Veterans Affairs Bureau

Zeng Zhaoyong, First-level Director of liandu Immigration Work Center

Cadres of Wenguang Tourism and Sports Bureau in liandu City, Zhang Wenjun

Mao Yougen, the staff of Wenguang Central Station in liandu Wenguang Tourism and Sports Bureau.

Jin Tao, first-class director of liandu Municipal Market Supervision Administration.

Liang Lianping, First-level Director of liandu Municipal Market Supervision Administration

Hong Wansheng, the first-level director of liandu Federation of Trade Unions.

Mei Dongbo, First Class Member of Zhejiang Lishui Industrial Park Management Committee

Staff of Wu Weijun liandu Community Work Guidance Center

Liu Yinjing, staff of liandu Jiantou Company

Xu Xufen, Director of liandu Yanquan Sub-district Office

Tang Jian Director of the People’s Congress Working Committee of Yanquan Street, liandu

Xia Genping Member of the Party Working Committee of Zijin Street, liandu (United Front)

He Zhuo, Principal of Party and Government Office of Zijin Sub-district Office in liandu, and Chairman of Women’s Federation.

Xia Haiwei Deputy Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Baiyun Street, liandu

Executive Deputy Director of Shadi liandu Baiyun Sub-district Office

Lan Lixin Member of the Party Working Committee of Baiyun Street, liandu (United Front)

Cai Jianhui Secretary of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Baiyun Street, liandu

Zhu Minghai liandu Vientiane Street Zhengke Organizer

Ren Wenwei, Deputy Director of liandu Wanxiang Sub-district Office

He Weifang Member of the Party Working Committee of Wanxiang Street, liandu (Organization)

Chen Linwei, Deputy Section Organizer of Wanxiang Street, liandu

Wang Yongcai is the main person in charge of the Urban Management Office of liandu Wanxiang Sub-district Office.

Li Huihui is the main person in charge of the comprehensive information command room of liandu Liancheng Sub-district Office.

Xiang Youming, Deputy Director of DangZhengBan, Liancheng Sub-district Office, liandu

Stationmaster of Liancheng Culture, Radio and Television Tourism and Sports Center Station, liandu City, Chen Yingjun

Liu Lihua Director, Social Affairs Comprehensive Service Center, Dagangtou Town, liandu

Member of the Standing Committee of liandu People’s Congress in Liu Liming and Chairman of Xiandu Township People’s Congress.

Fu Yuntao liandu Xiandu Township Government Staff

Huangchuangsong Longquan State-owned Forest Farm Workers

Ma Yongli Deputy Chief, Business Section, Liancheng Notary Office, Lishui City

Wang Weibin, lawyer of Zhejiang Boxiang Law Firm, director of regulatory examination committee.

Lu Weilong, Secretary of the Party Branch of Lubu Village, Zijin Street, liandu

Chen Qingqi, Secretary of Phoenix Community, Wanxiang Street, liandu

Decision of Lishui Municipal People’s Government on Giving Outstanding Collective and Individual Administrative Awards to the Reconstruction of Villages in Lishui City in 2020. pdf

In the banking field, the transaction limit of bank cards can be adjusted.The feasibility and specific way of this adjustment depends on many factors, including bank policies, card types, customer needs and authentication.

First of all, different types of bank cards, such as debit cards and credit cards, may have different adjustment rules and ranges of transaction limits. For debit cards, usually the transaction limit mainly includes daily withdrawal limit, transfer limit and so on. The transaction limit of credit card may include consumption limit, cash withdrawal limit and so on.

The original intention of the bank to set the transaction limit is mainly to ensure the safety of customers’ funds and prevent large capital losses caused by stolen bank cards or misoperation. However, when customers have special needs, such as large transactions, they can apply for adjusting the limit.

There are several ways to adjust the transaction limit of bank cards:

1. Online banking: Many banks provide online banking services. Customers can log in to their online banking accounts and find the function of adjusting the trading limit in the relevant setting options. In this way, customers can operate according to the prompts, and usually need to input some verification information, such as SMS verification code and dynamic password.

2. Mobile banking: Similar to online banking, mobile banking applications usually have the function of adjusting transaction limits. Customers only need to open the bank’s application on their mobile phones and follow the instructions.

3. Bank counter: This is a more traditional but direct and effective way. Customers can bring their valid identity documents and bank cards to the bank counter and apply to the staff for adjusting the transaction limit. The staff will handle it according to the needs of customers and the regulations of the bank.

It should be noted that no matter which way the transaction limit is adjusted, the bank may strictly verify the identity of the customer to ensure that it is the true will of the customer. In addition, the adjusted trading limit is not unlimited, and the bank will set it reasonably according to the customer’s credit status, source of funds and other factors.

Take the adjustment of debit card and credit card transaction limit of a bank as an example to provide you with a simple comparison table:

In short, the transaction limit of bank cards can be adjusted, but customers should make reasonable choices according to their actual needs and risk tolerance when applying for adjustment, and at the same time abide by the relevant regulations and procedures of banks.

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

　The writer of this article is @ North of Xiaowan family.

Find everyone’s spiritual corner in the movie.

When it comes to science fiction films, the first thing that comes to mind is always the magnificent war scenes and the beautiful Ad Astra. Although it is eye-catching, it always feels a little less human.

Seeing the convergence of science fiction films, French director jean pierre jeunet, who is good at romance, can’t sit still.

Therefore, with the investment of Netflix, the new film "Giant Hole" directed by him has brought the audience a unique journey in the future with its own signature film style.

Jean pierre jeunet, a 69-year-old director, may not be a top-notch director, but every one of his works can make fans shine.

From Alien 4, which changed the direction of the series, to the most famous romantic comedy "Angels Love Beauty" in France, and then to the strange travel of young Spavey, which is extremely comfortable.

It can be said that each of his works has a beautiful, highly recognizable color style and a superb narrative technique of multi-line parallelism.

No matter what kind of works, jean pierre jeunet can be handy, and under those gorgeous appearances, there are all kinds of thought-provoking themes.

After eight years, jean pierre jeunet turned his attention to the future world.

He dreamt back to the original intention of his debut novel "Rhapsody in a Black Shop", and used the story style of absurdity and metaphor to construct a world where people and robots coexist.

"Giant Vulnerability" tells that in 2046, smart home robots and emotional robots have been legally used, and they are everywhere in life, taking care of all human diets.

Even when we need to seek comfort psychologically and physically, there are AI robots to solve problems for human beings.

Such a comfortable life not only makes human beings more stupid and lazy, but also attracts the dissatisfaction of the robot army.

So, led by the Eunex robot, AI launched a counterattack against human beings. They blocked the road and scared them with advertisements that enslaved human beings.

However, the director did not focus on the big scene of the war between man and machine, but used an almost closed space to tell the relationship between man and robot.

When a group of chattering human beings are locked in the house by their own domestic robots for the sake of "protection", people and machines begin to think about each other’s meaning again. ……

Although the relationship between man and artificial intelligence is a very old-fashioned theme, the director still adds a lot of sense of humor to the film through some very stylized angles.

For example, in peacetime, human beings are proud of their literary accomplishment and artistic accomplishment, but when the crisis of artificial intelligence comes, the ugliness of human beings trapped in the house who are bent on burning books for self-protection exposes their hypocrisy.

It can be said that no matter how advanced the development of science and technology is in the future, the true feelings and hypocrisy, emotion and indifference that generate showed in the crisis will always be the theme that the film author wants to discuss.

Jean pierre jeunet, the director, puts the audience in a world with "huge loopholes" through her remarkable future world design and her unique aesthetic style. This kind of sci-fi film similar to social experiment provides us with a new sci-fi idea.

Compared with last year’s fantastic work Don’t Look Up, The Giant Hole seems to arouse us to think more about ourselves. When stupidity and arrogance occupy our brains, the developed world will also go to destruction.

Although this film is not the director’s best work, the actor’s grandiose performance and generate’s little humor from time to time make the whole movie-watching process look relaxed and interesting.

As a sci-fi sketch, this film combines entertainment perspective with profound issues, and I believe the audience can gain some new feelings after watching it.

Note: Some pictures in this article are from Douban and the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact us actively.

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　　Xinhuanet Beijing, October 23 rd (Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporters Zhou Tingyu, Zhang Jingyang, Zou Shengwen) People eat for the sky. Sanlu brand infant milk powder incident shocked the world, and also made the draft food safety law in the third trial in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) more concerned. People are saddened by the "Sanlu incident" and can’t help but ask: What can we use to ensure our most basic need-food safety? Can food safety legislation prevent the "Sanlu incident" from happening again?

　　Liu Xirong, vice chairman of the Law Committee of the National People’s Congress, pointed out on the 23rd that in view of the Sanlu incident, the draft food safety law was revised in eight aspects, so as to prevent and deal with such major food safety accidents from the legal system.

　　Highlight the whole process of supervision and emphasize the responsibilities and communication and cooperation of local governments and departments.

　　The investigation of "Sanlu incident" found that the problem milk powder was caused by the addition of melamine by criminals during the purchase of raw milk. However, after the incident, the "milk station" in the raw milk purchase process was not clearly regulated by which department, and the supervision of the source of milk powder production was a blank.

　　In some places, there are some problems in subsection supervision, such as lax division of labor, multiple law enforcement, unclear responsibilities, and "broken" supervision chain. Therefore, the third draft of the draft food safety law emphasizes the responsibilities of local governments and relevant departments and highlights "full supervision and management", that is, there can be no gaps from the source to the table.

　　The draft stipulates that the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall organize and coordinate the food safety supervision and management in their respective administrative areas, establish and improve the coordination mechanism for food safety supervision and management, and implement the whole process of food safety supervision and management.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with this Law and the provisions of the State Council, determine the food safety supervision and management responsibilities of the health administration, agricultural administration, quality supervision, industrial and commercial administration and food and drug supervision and management departments at the corresponding level. The relevant departments shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of food safety within their respective functions and duties.

　　At the same time, the draft also adds provisions that the above departments should strengthen communication and close cooperation, exercise their functions and powers according to law and assume responsibilities according to their respective division of responsibilities.

　　The person in charge of relevant departments in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) said that during the second trial of the draft, Committee member the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) suggested that the supervision responsibilities of some local departments were unclear and the cooperation was insufficient, and the system of food safety supervision should be further clarified. After the "Sanlu incident", the whole society has higher requirements for establishing a supervision system that can truly ensure food safety and ensure public health.

　　"In order to truly realize effective supervision and prevent such serious food safety accidents from happening again, we should plug the loopholes in supervision from the legal system and establish a supervision system that is administrative according to law, coordinated and efficient, consistent with powers and responsibilities and clear in accountability." The person in charge said.

　　Control the spread of accidents as soon as possible and strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of food safety risks.

　　According to media reports, as early as March this year, consumers reported the quality problems of Sanlu brand infant milk powder to the relevant departments, but they did not pay enough attention to it. It was not until September that they began to deal with it as a problem. The failure of the early warning mechanism is one of the major problems exposed by the Sanlu incident.

　　Liu Xirong said that in order to facilitate the timely detection of potential safety hazards in food and take corresponding management measures to deal with them, the third draft of the Food Safety Law added provisions to strengthen food safety risk monitoring and assessment:

　　-the State Council agricultural administration, quality supervision, industrial and commercial administration and the State Food and Drug Administration and other relevant departments shall immediately notify the health administrative department of the State Council after learning the information about food safety risks. After verifying the information, the health administrative department of the State Council shall timely adjust the food safety risk monitoring plan.

　　—— If the health administrative department of the State Council City finds that there may be potential safety hazards in food through food safety risk monitoring or receiving reports, it shall immediately conduct inspection according to law and conduct food safety risk assessment.

　　Relevant persons pointed out that in food safety supervision, the risk monitoring and evaluation of food safety is a front-end system, which is a technical and basic system to prevent food safety accidents. This is also a relatively common system in the world.

　　This draft emphasizes in particular that, after learning the information of food safety risks, the health department should adjust the risk monitoring plan in time to monitor the signs of risks; At the same time, it emphasizes the seamless connection between risk monitoring, risk assessment and follow-up inspection system.

　　According to the requirements of the draft, once food hidden dangers are discovered, measures should be taken immediately, and they cannot be left unchecked. "If the early warning system can play an effective role, the food safety problem in Sanlu will not spread to such a serious extent and cause such a big loss." The person concerned said.

　　Strengthen the revision and use supervision of food additive standards

　　Melamine is a slightly toxic chemical raw material, not a food additive, but it has been added to dairy products by criminals. Inadequate monitoring of illegal use of additives and the addition of illegal substances is one of the important reasons leading to the Sanlu incident.

　　In order to prevent the irregular use and abuse of food additives and ensure the safety of food sources, the third draft of the Food Safety Law has made corresponding provisions on the production and operation, catalogue scope, use and label of food additives. Among them, two special provisions have been added:

　　-The administrative department of health of the State Council shall, according to the results of food safety risk assessment, revise the standards of varieties, scope of use and dosage of food additives in a timely manner, and only those that have been proved to be safe and reliable and technically necessary after risk assessment can be included in the permitted range of food additives.

　　-Food producers shall use food additives in accordance with the provisions of food safety standards on the varieties, application scope and dosage of food additives, and shall not use chemicals other than food additives or other substances harmful to human health in food production.

　　Relevant persons believe that the supervision of food additives is an important aspect of the revision of the draft food safety law. According to the new regulations, even harmless substances are not listed in the catalogue and are not allowed to be added to food.

　　Perfecting the food recall system and emphasizing the responsibility of the government in the recall

　　Since March this year, Sanlu Group has received some complaints from consumers suffering from urolithiasis, and the group has also carried out some investigations, but failed to take effective measures in time, which led to the expansion of the situation. It was not until September that Sanlu Group recalled some market products and sealed the products that had not yet left the warehouse.

　　According to the provisions of the second draft of the Food Safety Law, food recall is an independent behavior of enterprises, and enterprises should take the initiative to recall their own food when they find something wrong. When a sales operator finds a problem, he shall immediately notify the producer to recall it.

　　In this regard, some members of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) suggested that the implementation of the food recall system should not only rely on enterprises’ consciousness, but also emphasize the responsibility of the government. In the case that enterprises do not take the initiative to recall, the government should order enterprises to recall unqualified food.

　　To this end, on the basis of stipulating that enterprises should take the initiative to recall and deal with the problem products, the third draft of the draft has added the stipulation that enterprises should report the food recall and treatment to the quality supervision department at or above the county level.

　　The draft also emphasizes the responsibility of the government in the recall. The draft stipulates that if food producers and business operators fail to recall or stop operating foods that do not meet food safety standards in accordance with the provisions of this law, the quality supervision and industrial and commercial administrative departments at or above the county level may order them to recall or stop operating.

　　The draft also makes relevant provisions on the recall system in the chapter on the handling of food safety accidents, requiring the health administrative department at or above the county level to promptly investigate and deal with the relevant agricultural administration, quality supervision, industrial and commercial administration and food and drug supervision and management departments after receiving the report of food safety accidents, and order food producers and operators to recall, stop business and destroy the food and its raw materials that are confirmed to be contaminated according to regulations.

　　Bio-agriculture refers to a new industry formed by using modern biotechnology to carry out subversive technological breakthroughs, develop core products with market competitiveness, integrate technologies and products, and provide technical and material support for agricultural production around the key links of the whole industrial chain, such as animal and plant variety breeding, health protection and high-efficiency nutrition. Bio-agriculture is divided into animal and plant seed industry, animal and plant health industry and animal and plant nutrition industry, which is a strategic and basic core industry of the country.

　　During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, significant breakthroughs were made in the research and development of high-efficiency large-scale genetic transformation technologies such as cotton, rice, corn, soybeans, wheat, cows and pigs. The market value of crop seed industry reached 111.3 billion yuan, and the market value of livestock and poultry aquaculture seed industry reached 322.6 billion yuan, ranking second in the world. Leading enterprises in seed industry have begun to appear, and a number of leading enterprises in crop seed industry and leading enterprises in livestock and poultry seed industry have been formed, and the market share of the top 50 crop seed industries has increased to over 30%. The amount and output of livestock and poultry aquaculture are among the highest in the world. At present, the average annual output value of feed enzyme preparation reaches 2 billion yuan, and more than 150 excellent functional strains of bio-fertilizer have been used, making it the highest in the world. China can produce more than 500 kinds of pesticides. The total market value of biological feed industry reaches 18 billion yuan per year, and it is increasing at an average annual rate of 20%.

　　First, the two-line method has made a major breakthrough in the utilization technology of crop heterosis, ranking the international leading level.

　　Breeding techniques such as heterosis utilization, molecular breeding, distant hybridization, somatic cell culture, ploidy breeding and mutation breeding of main crops in China have been continuously upgraded, integrated and innovated, forming a relatively complete breeding technology system. Great progress has been made in the breeding technology of mid-season indica hybrid rice in the Yangtze River valley, which has overcome the technical problem of narrow genetic basis for the utilization of traditional heterosis of rice, and the yield per mu of the cultivated hybrid rice "Y Liangyou No.2" has reached 926.6 kg. A new type of Honglian cytoplasmic male sterile rice was created by early distant hybridization between Honglian wild rice and farmer variety Liantang, and the mechanism of Honglian cytoplasmic male sterility was found out, which solved the important scientific problem of fertility restoration of Honglian strong dominant sterile line, established the breeding technology system of Honglian hybrid rice and created a number of Honglian strong dominant hybrid rice. After more than 40 years of success in three-line hybrid rice, China’s original "Research and Application of Two-line Hybrid Rice Technology" won the National Science and Technology Progress Award in 2013. The technical system of China two-line hybrid wheat has realized the material discovery, theoretical establishment, technical breakthrough and industrial application, laying a foundation for the large-scale popularization of hybrid wheat. A number of strong heterosis rice hybrids Liaoyou 9906 and Luxiang 658, strong heterosis wheat hybrid Chuanmai 59, strong heterosis cotton hybrids Zhongmiansuo 86 and Zhongmiansuo 84, and strong heterosis corn Longdan 62 increased their yield by more than 15% in the regional test. The research and application of heterosis of main crops in China is generally in the leading position in the world.Especially, rice, rape, cotton and wheat are the most prominent in the utilization of heterosis in large areas and the creation of hybrid breeding system.

　　Two, to create a number of breakthrough varieties, to ensure national food security and effective supply of agricultural products to provide effective support.

　　During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, more than 3,100 new varieties have been selected and approved in China, and 1.5 billion mu have been extended to the main producing areas. In 2014, Y Liangyou 900, a hybrid rice with strong dominance, set a world record with a large area yield of 1,026.7 kg, and achieved the breeding goal of 1,000 kg per mu in the fourth phase of super rice in China. Longjing 31, a new super rice variety, has high yield, high rice yield, outstanding large-scale production performance and great development potential, and has been popularized for 7.66 million mu. The soybean variety Zhonghuang 13 set a high yield record of 312.4 kg per mu in Huang-Huai-Hai area. Thirty-seven excellent varieties were newly bred by molecular breeding technology, including new rice varieties Wufengyou 615, Guangliangyou 272, Ningjing 3, Zhongdao No.1, F You 498, and new wheat variety Zhongmai 175. The breeding of Jingfen No.2, Dawufen No.1 and grain-saving laying hens has greatly increased the market share of domestic laying hens, and the market share of domestic laying hens has exceeded 50%. The lean Z-type Peking Duck has been transferred to leading enterprises such as Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group and Inner Mongolia Safiya Group, with a direct economic benefit of 8 million yuan, accounting for about 40% of the national large-scale meat ducks.

　　Third, an efficient breeding technology system was constructed, which improved the overall breeding level of agriculture, forestry, animals and plants in China.

　　The combination of new breeding technology and traditional breeding methods has accelerated the breeding process of agriculture, forestry, animals and plants and achieved remarkable results. The creation of high-frequency maize induction lines and the establishment of haploid automatic identification technology have achieved the breakthrough and large-scale application of the core technology of haploid breeding of strong heterosis maize hybrids in China. A new "rod-shaped" mutant germplasm suitable for high-density planting and mechanical harvesting was found in rapeseed, which provided material support for rape breeding and mechanized production with strong heterosis and plant type, and had a breakthrough significance for rape plant type breeding and planting system reform. Important progress has been made in the development of crop molecular breeding technology. 137 genes with great breeding value such as insect resistance, disease resistance, stress resistance, herbicide resistance, ideal plant type and high yield have been cloned and applied to variety molecular improvement. It is worth pointing out that scientists in China have cloned a number of functional genes with important application prospects in rice breeding, including yield trait genes GS3, GW2, GW8, GS5, Ghd7, GN4, indica-japonica wide compatibility gene S5, photosensitive sterile gene pms3, tillering control gene TE, dwarf gene D53, drought-resistant and salt-tolerant genes SKC1, SNAC1, and pest-resistant genes Xa13, SnaC1.A number of functional genes with important breeding value, such as Bph14, Bph27, Pigm, EPSP synthase, IPA1 and DEP1, have been widely used, and the research on rice gene cloning is leading in the world. In 2014-2015, there were 16 important rice gene cloning papers published in top international journals, including 11 in China, accounting for 69%. 628 functional molecular markers were obtained, and 57 new materials were resistant to diseases and insect pests. Efficient molecular marker-assisted breeding technology was established, in which the efficiency of molecular breeding for chronic diseases of wheat was improved by three times. The 6K and 60K rice genome-wide breeding chips invested and developed by Zhongzhong Group are the first rice genome-wide breeding chips in the world, which have three advantages: covering the whole genome with marker sites, accurately selecting intermediate materials and shortening the breeding cycle, and will lead a revolutionary upgrade in the field of rice variety cultivation and quality inspection in China. A number of maize haploid induction lines with an induction rate of more than 8% were developed, the doubling technique was optimized, and a practical and efficient maize haploid breeding technology system was established and applied to breeding practice. The mechanism and mode of mutation induced by space environment and ground simulated space environment elements are expounded, and a new system of space engineering breeding technology of "continuous selection and directional tracking screening of multi-generation mixed lines" is established. The design of ground simulated space mutation target room and sample processing procedures such as high-energy mixed particle irradiation and physical field treatment were optimized, and the technical methods of ground simulated space environment mutation breeding were improved.Continue to improve the microspore culture technology of cabbage and Chinese cabbage, the somatic cell fusion technology of cabbage and mustard, and the anther culture technology system of pepper, and establish the microspore culture, somatic cell fusion and anther culture technology system. Haploid induction, space mutation breeding, conventional breeding and heterosis utilization were combined to create 210 specific new germplasm on corn, rice, wheat, cotton, vegetables and other crops. Important progress has been made in the construction of high-generation breeding parents and polyploid breeding technology for forest and fruit trees, which has significantly shortened the breeding cycle. In animal breeding, a fast and accurate new method for estimating the breeding value of TA-BLUP genome and a strategy for genome selection of low-density SNP chip are proposed. A high-density SNP chip genotyping data analysis platform with independent intellectual property rights was established, in which the accuracy of marine biological typing was improved by 20% compared with the international level. A molecular and cell breeding technology system based on genome-wide selection and embryo engineering technology has been established, which has been initially applied to the breeding of dairy cows and breeding pigs, marking that China dairy cattle breeding technology ranks among the world’s breeding powers.

　　Fourth, the innovation ability of germplasm resources has been significantly improved, providing an important genetic basis for variety breeding.

　　Through collaborative research, China has more than 470,000 agricultural germplasm resources, ranking second in the world, and 15,000 excellent germplasm resources have been identified and screened. The innovation of rice germplasm is leading in the world, the innovation of wheat germplasm with high yield and disease resistance is advanced in the world, and the innovation of maize germplasm has been significantly improved. A database of "molecular identity cards" for crop germplasm has been initially established, including about 30,000 copies of rice, wheat and corn, ranking among the top in the world. The technical regulations, data standards and data control norms for the identification of more than 150 crop germplasm resources were formulated, and the basic agronomic traits of 100% germplasm resources preserved in germplasm banks, nurseries and test-tube seedling banks were identified, and the resistance, stress resistance and quality characteristics of more than 30% stock resources were evaluated. Aiming at the main crops such as rice, wheat, corn, soybean, cotton and rape, a phenotypic accurate identification model with multi-point and efficient data collection has been established for many years, and the identification methods and standards of urgently needed breeding traits such as disease and insect resistance, stress resistance, quality, high nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency and suitability for mechanized operation have been developed, and a few traits have been accurately identified for about 2,000 germplasm resources. An accurate genotyping model based on SNP chip and resequencing technology was established, and the technique of mining important trait genes in germplasm resources by using association analysis technology was gradually popularized and applied in rice, wheat and corn. The description specification, data standard and data quality control specification of main crop germplasm resources were developed, and the database group of crop germplasm resources in China with a total data of 300GB was establishedA series of crop germplasm resources application software systems, such as "China Crop Germplasm Resources Information System (CGRIS)", have realized the information management of crop germplasm resources and the service of sharing materials and information.

　　By means of distant hybridization and induced mutation, the genetic basis of crops will be broadened, and a number of wheat germplasm resources will be created, including new excellent materials with common ice, many flowers and many fruits, new materials for transferring local varieties with high pre-harvest sprouting resistance in Sichuan, new materials for solid lodging-resistant wheat, innovation of parents with resistance to big spike and early maturity, creation and identification of dwarf wheat/Elytrigia elongata translocation lines, creation and identification of new powdery mildew-resistant wheat/rye translocation lines, and dwarf wheat. A number of backbone parent materials Zhou 8425B, Lumai 14, common wheat-tufted wheat 6VS/6AL translocation line and common ice line were created and effectively utilized. It has played an important role in national wheat breeding and become a new backbone parent; 6VS/6AL translocation line, a distant disease-resistant parent of common wheat, is highly resistant to powdery mildew and stripe rust, and has good agronomic characters. Fifteen varieties such as Shimai 14 and Young Mai 18 have been bred as parents. Chuanmai 42 and Chuanmai 47 bred from synthetic wheat have been widely popularized in southwest China. Pubing 3504 and Pubing 3228, new germplasm with many flowers and grains, began to play a role in the cultivation of new wheat varieties.

　　Through cell engineering, transgenic technology and other technologies, fish germplasm innovation ranks in the forefront of the world. Genetic resources with disease resistance, rapid growth and high quality have been obtained. At present, there are only a few families of genetically modified economic fish with stable inheritance in the world. China has successfully bred homozygotes and their families with completely independent intellectual property rights, with fast growth and high feed conversion efficiency. Disease-resistant grass carp was produced on a large scale by crossing gynogenetic grass carp with common grass carp. From 2011 to 2015, 600 million disease-resistant grass carp fry were demonstrated and popularized, which produced remarkable economic and social benefits.

　　Five, a major breakthrough was made in the research of functional genes of animals and plants, which effectively supported the development of animal and plant breeding technology.

　　China took the lead in constructing the whole genome sequence frame map of rice, wheat A and D chromosomes, cotton, rape, cucumber, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, watermelon, etc., and resequenced many crops, identified a number of important genome segments and developed related molecular markers, constructed the ultra-high density genetic map of major crops, and promoted the exploration of important genes such as pest resistance, stress resistance, high quality and high yield of major crops such as rice and wheat. Based on the research platforms of functional genomics, proteomics and metabonomics, the molecular basis of yield, plant type, quality, resistance and fertility of rice, wheat, corn, cotton, rape and cucumber was preliminarily analyzed, and the method and theoretical basis of variety improvement were innovated. A stable and efficient TILLING molecular mutation breeding platform for rice and wheat was established. Using the new generation DNA sequencing technology, the method of Qualcomm quantitative genotype identification was first developed, and the rapid location of quantitative trait QTLs of Qualcomm quantity based on sequencing was realized. Compared with the molecular marker widely used at present, it is 20 times faster and 35 times more accurate. A new breakthrough has been made in gene expression regulation technology, and the technical system of CRISPR/Cas9 genome fixed-point editing of plants and animals has been established for the first time, and it has been successfully applied to rice and wheat.

　　In the field of agricultural animals, the genome sequencing of oysters, carp, grass carp, Beijing duck and other animals was completed, and the first fine sequence map and high-density variation map of oysters, carp, grass carp, duck and cashmere goat were constructed, which promoted the evolution and functional genome research of shellfish, fish and waterfowl; The revelation of duck immune genetic mechanism laid a theoretical foundation for poultry disease-resistant breeding. Complete the comparative genome sequencing of Tibetan pigs and Rongchang pigs, establish a joint analysis platform of agricultural animal transcriptomics and proteomics, and a platform for disease resistance gene mining and molecular marker selection and evaluation, and identify a number of functional genes of important economic traits of pigs, cattle and sheep. Breaking through the bottleneck of sequencing technology with high complexity of marine invertebrate genome, the oyster genome sequence was obtained, which initially revealed the molecular mechanism of network regulation for oyster to maintain homeostasis in vivo. In the field of fruits and flowers, the world’s first genome sequence splicing and annotation of Dangshan crisp pear, sweet orange and Phyllostachys pubescens was completed, and the first fine genome map of plum blossom was constructed. These research results have been published in the top international journals Nature and Nature Genetics, which indicates that China has made a major breakthrough in gene resource mining and reached the international advanced level.

　　Six, the development of bio-agriculture Industry-University-Research tube combination mode runs efficiently.

　　During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, we will further improve and establish a variety of fruitful bio-agricultural collaborative research development models that closely combine the "Industry-University-Research Management". In the past five years, the top 15 varieties of food crops have been almost all the results of joint research by major superior scientific research units, universities and enterprises. The research, development and popularization of maize variety Zhengdan 958 and wheat variety Aikang 58 are successful models. The wheat variety Bainong Aikang 58, which won the first prize of national scientific and technological progress in 2013, was jointly developed by Henan Institute of Science and Technology and five companies, including Henan Zhongzhong Lianfeng Seed Industry, and built a "chief+core" achievement popularization model. The breeder and variety right unit are the "chief experts and chief extension units" for achievement transformation, responsible for ensuring the original seed and supporting technologies, and five major companies, including Henan Zhongzhong Lianfeng Seed Industry and Henan Huafeng Seed Industry, are the "core extension enterprises". Regional responsibility has increased the popularization speed by 8-10 times compared with the traditional model, and the annual maximum planting area has reached more than 43 million mu, which has become a successful example of rapid transformation of wheat scientific research results. In animals, a commercial breeding model combining Industry-University-Research was initially formed. For example, the cultivation of high-quality layers "Jingfen, Jinghong" is a long-term cooperation between Beijing Yukou Poultry Industry Co., Ltd. and China Agricultural University. South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Wenshi Food Group have successfully cultivated and popularized Huanong Wenshi No.1 pig mating line, with a scale of more than 10 million pigs.

　　Seven, the innovation ability of bio-agricultural enterprises has improved significantly.

　　The application of new frontier technologies in biological breeding, the construction of variety test system and the application of information management system of breeding data have greatly improved the commercial breeding ability of seed enterprises, and the cultivation ability of breakthrough new varieties has been significantly improved. Driven by the scientific and technological innovation of global seed industry, the development mode of biological seed industry in China has undergone revolutionary changes, and the standardization and specialization of seed production and the commercialization rate of seeds have been greatly improved; The independent innovation ability of enterprises has been significantly enhanced, and a number of leading enterprises and scientific and technological enterprises with integrated education, reproduction and promotion have developed rapidly; The concentration of seed industry has been continuously improved. At present, the market share of the top 50 enterprises in crop seed industry has increased to 32.8%. The market value of crop seed industry in China reached 111.3 billion yuan, livestock and poultry seed industry reached 322.6 billion yuan, both ranking second in the world, and the market value of forest seed industry was estimated to reach 200 billion yuan. Longping Hi-Tech Seed Industry established Longping Hi-Tech Seed Industry Science Research Institute on the basis of Hunan Yahua Seed Industry Science Research Institute, and established an enterprise-oriented and market-oriented group independent research and development system. Relying on the two-line hybrid rice variety breeding technology developed by Academician Yuan Longping and other teams, a number of hybrid rice varieties with independent intellectual property rights, such as Fengliangyou No.1 and Xinliangyou No.6, with a cumulative promotion area of more than 10 million mu, have been successfully bred through the extensive application of the joint research mode of science and enterprise. At the same time, a number of leading enterprises with integrated breeding, breeding and promotion with strong independent research and development capabilities, such as Longping Hi-Tech, Fengle Seed Industry and Golden Nonghua, have also been cultivated.

　　Enterprises such as Zhongzhong Group and Denghai Seed Industry take the research and industrialization of excellent new varieties such as Jingke 968 as the common interest point, and the research and development consortium of new corn varieties in Beijing National Modern Agricultural Science and Technology City, which is jointly established by superior scientific research units, not only promotes the rapid popularization of varieties, but also ensures the stable performance growth of enterprises. Shandong Luyan Company cooperated with Crop Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences to promote the wheat variety Jimai 22, which not only created huge economic benefits, but also made Shandong Luyan develop into one of the largest professional wheat seed enterprises in China.

　　The agglomeration effect of seed industry innovation elements in biological seed industry enterprises is prominent, and the independent innovation and biological service capabilities of enterprises are rapidly improved. For example, Huada Gene has integrated a large platform from genome to gene mining to molecular breeding, and has accumulated more than 20,000 genome data of agricultural species, with more than 80% of global agricultural genome data; In the aspect of gene mining, relying on the Qualcomm genotyping platform of Huada Gene, more than 300 important agronomic/economic trait control sites have been obtained, and the annual throughput of the platform has reached more than 1000 genes; In molecular breeding, it has been possible to obtain new varieties quickly in two years and five generations, and more than 15 new strains and varieties have been obtained. Based on Qualcomm quantitative genome sequencing and information analysis, BGI genome-wide molecular breeding technology platform uses high-density genetic map rapid construction and trait-related gene location, uses conventional breeding methods of hybridization and backcross, and uses genome-wide high-density molecular markers to carry out precise selection breeding of excellent individual plants, which will break through the bottleneck of long period, poor predictability and low selection efficiency of traditional breeding, and make rapid, efficient and controllable precise breeding methods possible, with great potential for popularization and application.

　　In addition, Zhongyu Jinbiao (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., which was jointly established by eight corn enterprises with the core of Beidahuang Kenfeng Seed Industry Co., Ltd. and Chinese jade enterprises, and Huazhi Rice Biotechnology Co., Ltd., which was jointly founded by 12 influential seed companies in China rice seed industry, including Longping Hi-Tech, Shennong Dafeng, Fengle Seed Industry and Zhongzhong Group, applied molecular breeding to serve seed enterprises to create the market in the shortest time.

　　Eight, the rapid development of bio-agricultural industrialization has improved the ability of food security in China.

　　Driven by the strategic emerging industry policy and a series of special projects, the national biological seed industry enterprises have achieved initial results in integrating the existing regional seed resources, innovating the seed industry development model, promoting the integration of breeding, reproduction and promotion, and enhancing the sustainable development capability of China biological breeding industry. The corn varieties Demeiya No.1 and No.3, which were bred and approved by the Northern Wilderness Kenfeng Seed Industry and the superior science and education units, have the characteristics of early maturity, high quality, high yield, disease resistance, density tolerance, lodging resistance and suitability for mechanized harvesting, and have created new breakthroughs in corn planting in cold, high latitude and cold areas, in planting density, in the yield of early-maturing varieties and in cultivation measures. The industrialization of these varieties is 100 billion Jin of grain in Heilongjiang Province. Shandong Luyan Company planted 42 million mu of wheat varieties in and out of the province with this special promotion, increasing production by 840 million kg and increasing social benefit by 1.76 billion yuan. While promoting farmers to increase production and income, it is of great significance to improve the national wheat production capacity, break the threat of foreign seed industry to China’s domestic market and ensure national food security.

　　Modern biological seed industry is a complete industrial chain, including germplasm innovation, variety breeding, seed production, seed processing and seed marketing. The essence of seed industry competition is the competition of scientific and technological innovation strength, and the focus of competition has expanded from varieties to genetic resources and patented technology. First of all, how to combine traditional biological breeding with modern biotechnology has become the key to establish the scientific and technological innovation system of seed industry. It is necessary to persistently promote the project of improving biological breeding ability, accelerate the creation of new breeding materials and the improvement of existing breeding resources, and realize the industrial upgrading and transformation of crop breeding from traditional empirical breeding to scientific and precise breeding. Secondly, continue to promote the upgrading project of R&D infrastructure, further supplement and improve the facilities and equipment of commercial breeding system, strengthen the scientific and information construction of variety testing points, build and form a crop breeding system in the whole ecological region, and support the rapid development of commercial breeding R&D; Third, we should further explore new ideas of utilizing and integrating the superior resources of existing scientific and educational institutions, promote the creation and industrialization of major new varieties, speed up the creation of new varieties and popularize the research of key technologies, enhance the innovation and industrialization capabilities of major varieties of enterprises, accelerate the upgrading of new varieties of national biological breeding and the upgrading of modern seed industry, and continuously enhance the driving force of bio-agricultural industry to support national economic and social development.

　　Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)

　　Liu luxiang

　　Heilongjiang Daily, June 15th Qiqihar people are famous for their sharp mouths, and the meaty feeling in their mouths is not good at all. To this end, the major barbecue shops in Qiqihar have racked their brains to "practice hard work", the stores have been continuously upgraded, and the dishes have been iteratively innovated … But no matter how they are changed or changed, the TOP-rated famous shops on the top list of barbecue rivers and lakes have always been red for decades. These owners of Qiqihar Treasure Barbecue Store say that high standards, high quality and high service are the foundation of their career, and they have won the trust of more and more repeat customers, repeat customers and permanent customers.

　　The meat is so selective. Choose that piece of meat.

　　Good meat is the greatest strength of all Qiqihar barbecue shops. Beef cattle such as Holstein and Angus, which grew up eating natural grass, have no smell at all.

　　"When we served meat, we had to queue up at the wholesale point in the early hours of the morning, just to wait for the good meat that we were thinking about. Now the quality of beef in Qiqihar has been greatly improved, and there are more meat shops, which can be more selective. I called the meat shop the night before to tell me to leave the meat and specify the tender part in the middle. " Cao Hongli, the owner of Hanyuan’s large piece of meat, said that the standard of her meat selection is to choose the fat as much as possible. Cut it from the middle to see if the snowflakes are seeping from the inside out. If there are no snowflakes inside, it will definitely not be fragrant when baked. "The ratio of fat to thin is best to open in 37 or 46."

　　Meris’s large piece of meat is a unique barbecue food in Qiqihar, and Zhao Xingjia’s large piece of meat is a well-known local old shop, and its boss is also the founder of Meris Village’s original large piece of meat. Gao Ying, the person in charge of the store, told the reporter that this store has been open for 18 years, and the biggest secret is the good meat. "The boss personally chooses the meat every day, and every piece of meat has to pass through his hand. He said that this meat can only be used." The four or five suppliers we cooperated with all knew that Zhao Xingjia’s boss was "too busy" to be fooled, and the meat he sent was also carefully selected Angus pure anhydrous prime beef. "I don’t care about the cost of meat at home. One kind of meat never uses the second kind, and the expensive one never uses the cheap one. Our philosophy is to give consumers the best meat." Gao Ying said that she must use the first seven rib fans at home, and the upper brain is to remove the essence at both ends. "It is never too troublesome to pick it every day."

　　How to choose meat? Boss Zhao Changzhi smiled and told the reporter that he didn’t understand it when he first opened the barbecue shop. He learned a lot of meat-watching skills from others. "Put the meat on the plate to see if there is water, whether it will fall off when picked up, and then look at the texture and color. The texture of good meat is particularly beautiful like a landscape painting." Zhao Changzhi said that high-quality beef feels sticky, elastic, greasy and thick, and it won’t come loose. Now he has been doing it for almost 20 years, and he has trained a pair of "eagle" eyes. You can tell whether the meat is good or not as soon as you take a look.

　　These experts told reporters that before choosing meat, they usually have to "smell and ask" in the butcher shop, smell the smell of milk in the house, and ask the cows about the number of days of grain feeding. "If the cows don’t reach the number of days, the meat is not fat enough and the taste is not fragrant." Zhao Changzhi said. It is generally acknowledged that veal that has been slaughtered for more than 900 days is the best. It feels tight and not soft, like human muscles have a sense of resilience.

　　Famous shops and big stores use good meat, and this business philosophy inspires and drives all barbecue shops in the region. Because good meat has a passenger flow, repeat customers and a long-lasting fire.

　　The sauce is good and the dip is secret.

　　Hanyuan meat is one of the oldest treasures in Qiqihar. It has been opened for more than 20 years and has always been famous for its special Korean sauce and homemade dip. "The peers are competing to imitate, but it is either salty or light, and Hanyuan sauce has never been surpassed."

　　Cao Hongli, the boss, said that she had run a fish pot for some time before opening a large piece of meat in Hanyuan. "My mother and sister-in-law are both Koreans. I have been exposed to many traditional Korean foods since I was a child, and the hot sauce used when opening a fish pot is very popular." On one occasion, she ate at a barbecue shop opened by a Korean in Dalian, and watched people roast with raw meat dipped in sauce. When she came back, she thought about it and developed her own sauce with the memory of the tip of her tongue, which was used in the operation of the barbecue shop. "The sauces were all cooked by ourselves. In Qiqihar, only my family dared to soak and dip the raw meat in the sauce before roasting."

　　How can Korean barbecue get less hot sauce dip! In the seasoning area of the store, there are no less than 20 kinds of boiled wet materials and fried dry materials, which fill the whole display table. "We cooked twenty-seven or eight kinds of dip at most, and there are still several kinds that haven’t come up yet!" Cao Hongli said that Koreans are born to be masters of pickles, and there are chefs who specialize in making sauces and dipping materials once every two or three days for all branches to use.

　　When eating barbecue, did you mix all the spices with the experience? Cao Hongli grasped the diners’ love for ingredients but bad habits, and developed very popular sweet and spicy sauces, Korean garden sauces, sesame barbecue sauces, dry materials, crispy materials, spicy materials, etc., which just met the tastes of diners. Among them, the most popular wet ingredients are sweet and sour spicy sauce and salty Hanyuan sauce. "Sweet and spicy sauce is made of Chili and white sugar. All peppers are artificially hammered out with a stick. It is pure and ancient. It is fragrant but not spicy." Cao Hongli said that the sweet and sour sesame barbecue sauce is especially suitable for traditional family meat mixing, which contains nearly 20 kinds of seasonings such as sesame, peanuts, cumin, sesame sauce and sugar. Spicy seasoning is a perfect match for large pieces of meat, which is fried with sesame and cumin. There is also a distinctive fresh pepper sauce, "with garlic sprouts inside, it tastes very fresh."

　　Charcoal looks good, fire looks good, and charcoal says more.

　　There is actually a lot to say here about how to roast the meat so that the diners can stay fragrant.

　　In the traditional barbecue shop of Sasami on Dongsidao Street, the figure of Master Tan Changmiao is busy going in and out, constantly calculating the amount of carbon used, the amount of carbon left and the amount of carbon needed according to the change of passenger flow. Every day from 9 o’clock to work, he has to deal with 100 kilograms of charcoal. In his operation room, a 1.8-meter-high charcoal stove keeps releasing heat and energy. In Master Miao’s view, guests can only eat well if the charcoal is well raised. "My household uses bamboo charcoal, which has less smoke, is resistant to burning and is environmentally friendly." Master Miao said that if the charcoal fire would be tender during lunch time, he would pinch the time to burn charcoal, a little earlier than serving. If at dinner time, most of the charcoal fires are re-melted charcoal, and the fire is stronger, he will hold down the serving and serve charcoal one minute later.

　　Zhao Xingjia’s large pieces of meat are charred according to different roasted products. For ordinary natural roasting, machine-made charcoal is used, and fruit charcoal is used for roasting large pieces of meat, because it can fully roast the sweet smell of fruit wood, continue the original flavor of Qiqihar barbecue and taste better.

　　In Yang Xiaojia’s barbecue bistro, it is normal to be packed. The waiters were so busy that they didn’t touch the ground. Even so, they insisted on barbecue for each table. "In a barbecue shop, giving guests a live barbecue is the process of cooking food, and customers say that we are the real chefs here." A waiter said.

　　Chen Zhaoyi, the operator, said that the consumer group targeted by this store is young people, and the dishes have added the roast meat that young people like at present. "Most guests drink while chatting, so it is difficult to take care of the heat of the roast meat. If too much water evaporates, the meat will send firewood, so we launched a roast service."

　　"Hello, I’m Chen Xiaochun, the barbecuer, and I’m at your service now. First of all, the explosive snowflake meat of our family must be roasted with a net, so that it is close to the charcoal fire, which can quickly lock in the moisture and the roasted meat is fragrant and tender. " After that, Master Chen put a large piece of meat with a thickness of 2 mm on the baking net and snorted. This primitive and violent cooking method repeatedly asked the diners in the summer night, "Are you greedy? Still jealous! " After the juice on the meat was fully poured out and slightly bulged, Master Chen turned the large piece of meat to the other side. After turning it over two or three times repeatedly, the surface of the large piece of meat was brown and cooked. "Enjoy your meal. Call me when you eat mixed meat at home. I’ll help you change the baking tray."

　　"When the charcoal first came up, it was very prosperous. Inexperienced customers sometimes didn’t barbecue first. At this time, the barbecue chef can help customers adjust the baking order so that customers can eat well and have fun. Therefore, the experience of the barbecue chef is very important. " Chen Zhaoyi reminded that barbecue should not always turn over or press the meat with a clip. "Originally, our purpose was to lock the water and make the meat tender. If we always turn over or press the meat, it is easy to press out the original juice, and the roasted meat will be very firewood and hard."

On the afternoon of June 24th, the College Admissions Committee of Jiangsu Province held a meeting, which reviewed and approved the provincial admission control score line for the first stage of college enrollment in our province in 2021. Subsequently, the Provincial Department of Education held a press conference to inform about the admission control scores of each batch of colleges and universities in our province in the first phase of enrollment this year and the voluntary reporting of the college entrance examination this year.

In the first stage, the provincial admission control scores mainly include special types of admission control lines for subjects such as history and physics, general undergraduate lines, sports undergraduate lines and art undergraduate lines. In order to facilitate the selection of talents in colleges and universities, and at the same time reduce the number of online candidates from the list as much as possible, comprehensive consideration is given to delineating the admission control scores of each batch of provinces.

Specifically, there are 533 points in special types of enrollment history, 501 points in physics and other subjects, 476 points in general undergraduate history and 417 points in physics and other subjects. Physical education undergraduate course history and other subject cultures 366 points/major 110 points, physical education undergraduate course physics and other subject cultures 313 points/major 110 points. Art undergraduate students take a unified examination of subject culture such as art history 335 points/major 170 points, art physics 313 points/major 170 points, music (vocal music, instrumental music) history 310 points/major 145 points, music (vocal music, instrumental music) physics 260 points/major 145 points, and choreographing history 380 points/major.

Approved by the Ministry of Education, some independent undergraduate art colleges (including a few colleges and universities that refer to the implementation of some art undergraduate majors) have their own admission control scores. The scores of provincial admission control for undergraduate examination majors in other colleges and universities are 260 points for history and other subject cultures/qualified majors, and 260 points for physics and other subject cultures/qualified majors. Among them, Obtain music performance, musicology, composition and composition technology theory, pop music, music therapy, radio and television director, fine arts, painting, sculpture, Chinese painting, experimental art, cross-media art, cultural relics protection and restoration, comics, art design, visual communication design, environmental design, product design, clothing and costume design, public art, arts and crafts, digital media art, art and technology, and so on. Candidates who have passed the school examination of packaging design and other majors must also take the corresponding provincial unified examination, and the score of the provincial unified examination of fine arts must reach 160 points, the score of the provincial unified examination of music must reach 120 points, and the score of the provincial unified examination of director must reach 130 points.

After learning the results of college entrance examination, academic level test, admission control scores of each batch, and the number of candidates by segment, candidates will voluntarily fill in online in two stages on the portal website of the Provincial Education Examinations Institute (www.jseea.cn) or a special website (gkzy.jseea.cn).

The first stage is to fill in the professional group volunteers of undergraduate colleges. Among them, the pre-filing is from June 27th to 28th, and the formal filing is from June 29th to July 2nd (the deadline is 17:00 on July 2nd). Including general undergraduate volunteers in advance (including military, public security, politics and law, navigation, local special programs, rural teacher programs, rural order-oriented medical students free training programs, other institutions, etc.), sports undergraduate volunteers in advance, art undergraduate volunteers in advance, and general undergraduate volunteers in advance. In addition, our province has also set up special types of enrollment volunteer columns such as special colleges and universities, comprehensive evaluation (B-type colleges and universities), high-level art troupes and high-level sports teams, for candidates with corresponding qualifications to fill in their volunteers.

In the second stage, fill in the volunteers of professional groups in colleges and universities in batches. Among them, it will be pre-filled from July 25th to 26th and officially filled from July 27th to 28th (the deadline is 17:00 on July 28th). Including general, sports, and art specialties.

After the admission of each batch of parallel volunteer (including traditional (sequential) arts volunteers) is completed, the Provincial Education Examinations Institute will promptly announce the number of professional groups, majors (classes) and plans of colleges and universities that have not completed the enrollment plan. Candidates who have not been admitted will fill in their own online forms for volunteering within the specified time. Please refer to the back of the candidate’s admission ticket for the specific time schedule.

Candidates are required to fill in the volunteers of parallel colleges (including traditional volunteers in art) and solicit volunteers from (parallel colleges) online with their examination number, ID number, password and dynamic password card within the specified time, and be responsible for the accuracy and safety of the information they fill in, without signing on site to confirm the volunteer information.

The Provincial Education Examinations Institute should remind the majority of candidates that this year’s voluntary reporting is divided into two parts: pre-reporting and formal reporting. Candidates who have completed the pre-filling of volunteers can directly import the pre-filling of volunteers into the formal filling system. It is particularly important to note that the pre-filled volunteers do not take effect, and only the officially filled volunteers are the basis for admission.

The admission time has also been determined. General admission time: July 8-14, the Japanese department will be admitted to colleges and universities in advance; July 17-25, admitted to Japanese universities; College admission from August 1st to 8th. Admission time for sports and art classes: July 8-16, Japanese classes are admitted to colleges and universities in advance (among which art classes are divided into 3 small batches); College admission from July 29th to 31st.

Linking > > >

What are the special types of enrollment?

The "special type enrollment" in Jiangsu college entrance examination refers to the enrollment projects with strong foundation plan, comprehensive evaluation, college special projects, local special projects, high-level art troupe, military academy enrollment and other special requirements.

According to the enrollment regulations of the Ministry of Education, the provinces that implement the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination and merge undergraduate batches must draw special enrollment control scores with reference to the proportion of enrollment plans of liberal arts and sciences in previous years. The "Opinions on Enrollment of Ordinary Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province in 2021" clearly stipulates that special types of enrollment control scores are divided according to the general category (history and other subjects) and the general category (physics and other subjects), with reference to the proportion of enrollment plans of the liberal arts and sciences in previous years.

The statistics of college entrance examination in our province are released one by one

On the 24th, the Provincial Education Examinations Institute announced the statistical table of the general college entrance examination in Jiangsu Province in 2021.

According to the statistics, there are 101 people with a score of 632 or above in the general category (history and other subjects), 1,651 people with a score of 600 or above, 10,193 people with a score of 562 or above, and 55,510 people with a score of 476 or above. There are 101 general subjects (such as physics) with a score of 661 or above, 1049 with a score of 636 or above, 10015 with a score of 595 or above, 86521 with a score of 500 or above, and 150598 with a score of 417 or above.

Piecewise statistics can let candidates know their grades, which is one of the important reference bases for candidates to fill in their volunteers. Experts in gaozhao remind candidates that before they fill in their volunteers, they must consult the enrollment policy of our province and the relevant contents of the special issue of the plan compiled by the Provincial Education Examinations Institute, carefully read the important materials in the special issue of the plan, such as Notes on Candidates’ Filling in Volunteers, Notes on parallel volunteer’s Filing, and the enrollment regulations of relevant colleges and universities, watch the guidance film on volunteering in the college entrance examination, and according to the requirements of the selected subjects of the subjects, professional groups and majors, as well as the candidates’ own college entrance examination scores and scores. Candidates should also be reasonably positioned, and should know their ranking according to their own achievements through subsection statistics.

Summer is coming, and a large number of fruits are on the market. Many office workers like to buy more at one time on weekends, keep them in the refrigerator, and take them out when they want to eat, which makes them feel cold. However, not all fruits are suitable to be stored in the refrigerator, and some fruits are naturally "cold-afraid". Putting them in the refrigerator will not only freeze the fruits, but also destroy their quality and flavor.

In general, the daily preservation of fruits can be divided into the following four categories:

1, can’t put it in the refrigerator, otherwise it will be frostbitten. Such as bananas, carambola, loquat and so on.

2. It can be put in the refrigerator, but it must be ripened first (that is, the unripe fruit cannot be put in the refrigerator). Such as durian, Sakyamuni, passion fruit, persimmon, etc.

3, it must be put into the refrigerator to last for a long time. Such as: peach, mulberry, plum, litchi, longan, rambutan, cherry, chestnut, guava, grape, pear, strawberry, mangosteen, pitaya, melon, grapefruit and so on.

4. It can be stored at room temperature or refrigerated in refrigerator. Such as: lemon, pineapple, grape, orange, olive, jujube, apple, watermelon, orange, coconut, grapefruit, sugarcane and so on.

There is a knack for storing fruit.

Because of different kinds of fruits, the optimum storage temperature is also different.

watermelon

Watermelon is stored at 10-12 degrees Celsius, and chilling injury will occur when the temperature is lower than 9.5 degrees Celsius.

Watermelons that have not been cut can be stored for more than 10 days at room temperature. Pay attention to placing watermelons in a cool, ventilated and dry place suitable for watermelon storage. If you want to eat some cold taste, you can put the watermelon in the refrigerator for two hours before eating, and the flavor is the best.

Watermelon itself has a high content of water and fermented sugar, which is easy to breed bacteria. After watermelon is cut, the internal fermented sugar is in direct contact with the outside world, which is easy to breed bacteria. Therefore, after watermelon is cut, it must be stored in the refrigerator, but it can only be stored for 12 to 24 hours at most.

mango

The best storage temperature of mango is about 10℃-13℃, and the peel will turn black when the temperature is lower than 8℃.

Therefore, it is best to store mango in a dark and cool place. If it must be placed in the refrigerator, it should be placed in a vegetable and fruit tank with higher temperature, and the storage time should not exceed two days.

banana

Bananas are most suitable for storage at 8℃-23℃. High temperature will easily lead to over-ripening and blackening, while temperature below 5℃ will easily lead to frostbite and blackening.

You can wash the bunches of bananas you bought with clean water, wipe the water with a clean cloth, put the bananas in a plastic bag, put an apple in it, exhaust the air from the bag as much as possible, tie the bag tightly, and put it in a ventilated and cool place at home.

grape

As soon as many people buy grapes home, they are used to washing them immediately and putting them in the refrigerator, which is very undesirable.

It’s best to wait until the grapes are ready to be eaten before washing them. It’s easy to go bad after washing and storing them.

The correct way is to sort out the bad grains and sundries in the grapes, then cut them off one by one and put them in a fresh-keeping box, but keep the pedicel and don’t expose the pulp to the air, otherwise it will not only attract insects, but also accelerate oxidation. After that, absorb the water with paper, seal it with plastic wrap and put it in the constant temperature room of the refrigerator.

mangosteen

Mangosteen is easy to deteriorate. If you want to keep it for a long time, you must ensure low temperature and less oxygen.

In general, tropical fruits can’t be stored in the refrigerator, but mangosteen is different. Because low temperature can reduce the loss of water in mangosteen, reduce the activity of pectinase and delay aging, mangosteen should be stored in refrigerator.

pawpaw

Mature papaya pulp is very soft and difficult to preserve, so you should eat it immediately after buying it back.

If you don’t intend to eat it immediately after buying it, it is recommended to choose papaya that is not completely yellow and slightly blue. It will be left for 1 to 2 days after you get home, and then wrapped in a fresh-keeping bag and put in the refrigerator for refrigeration. It can be kept for about 4 to 5 days at most. The optimum storage temperature of papaya is about 7℃.

Three points for attention when eating iced fruits.

(1) Note 1:

Eating time is particular. Try not to eat chilled fruit when you are just full or on an empty stomach. You can eat it after 1~2 hours after meals.

(2) Note 2:

It is advisable not to eat too much each time, so as not to cause gastrointestinal discomfort. For example, don’t eat more than 500 grams of watermelon at a time, about 15 grapes, no more than 1 peach and 10 ~ 15 strawberries.

(3) Note 3:

If the watermelon is not eaten at one time, the surface should be cut off before eating it next time, and other fruits stored in the refrigerator should be washed again before eating.