Blue warning of severe convective weather

　　The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue warning of severe convective weather at 06: 00 on April 5:

　　It is estimated that there will be short-term heavy precipitation in some areas of southern Anhui, northwestern Jiangxi, southeastern Hubei, northeastern and southwestern Hunan, southern Guizhou and northwestern Guangxi from 08: 00 on April 5 to 08: 00 on April 6. It is estimated that the hourly rainfall intensity can reach 30-50 mm, and the local area will reach more than 50 mm. There are hail or thunderstorms and strong winds in parts of southern Anhui, southeastern Hubei, northwestern Jiangxi, southern Hunan, south-central Guizhou and northwestern Guangxi.

　　

　　

　　　　Defense guide:

　　　　1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, prepare for short-term rainstorm prevention, lightning protection and gale prevention, and the meteorological department shall prepare for artificial hail suppression;

　　　　2. Outdoor pedestrians and staff should reduce outdoor activities and pay attention to stay away from structures such as scaffolding billboards;

　　　　3. Drive poultry and livestock into places with roofs, and close doors and windows to reinforce sheds;

　　　　4. The water operations in relevant waters and passing ships shall take active measures such as returning to Hong Kong to avoid or detour navigation, pay attention to covering building materials at the construction site, and properly arrange outdoor items susceptible to heavy rain, wind and hail;

　　　　5. Check the drainage system of cities, farmland and fish ponds, and prepare for drainage and defense against disasters such as mountain torrents, landslides and mudslides.　　

---

　　Typhoon blue warning

　　The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a typhoon blue warning at 06: 00 on April 5:

　　This year’s No.4 typhoon "Mesak" (English name: Maysak；; Name source: Cambodia; Meaning of the name: a tree) was formed in the Pacific Northwest on March 28th, strengthened to super typhoon level on March 31st, and then weakened continuously. Today (5th) at 5 o’clock in the morning, its center is located on the northwest Pacific Ocean about 270 kilometers north-east of Manila, Philippines, which is 16.0 degrees north latitude and 123.0 degrees east longitude. The maximum wind force near the center is 9 (tropical storm level, 23 m/s), the lowest pressure in the center is 988 hectopascals, and the radius of the 7-level wind circle is 50-200 kilometers.

　　It is estimated that "Mesak" will move to the northwest at a speed of 20-25 kilometers per hour, and its intensity will gradually weaken. It will land in the coastal area of northeastern Luzon Island in the Philippines (8-9, 20-23 m/s), then pass through the northern part of Luzon Island, and will move into the northeastern South China Sea (7-8, 16-20 m/s) around the evening of the 5th.

　　From 08: 00 on the 5th to 08: 00 on the 6th, there will be strong winds of magnitude 7-8 in bashi channel and the northeastern part of the South China Sea, with gusts of magnitude 9 in some sea areas.

　　

　　

　　Defense guide:

　　1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in typhoon prevention and emergency rescue;

　　2. Take active measures for water operations and passing ships in relevant waters, strengthen port facilities, and prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision.

　　(Editor: Su Jessie)

　　Multiple social apps can still be used normally without "real-name authentication". Insiders suggest that the youth mode should be turned on by default.

　　Recently, many netizens found and reported that some dating software is not strict with the use of minors. The Beijing Youth Daily reporter found that when using multiple strangers’ dating software, there is no need for real-name authentication, and minors can use these strangers’ social software "unimpeded". It is particularly noteworthy that in terms of function, there is no difference between unauthenticated accounts and other accounts, and accounts without real-name authentication can also purchase adult products at will. In this regard, many people in the industry have suggested that the youth mode can be turned on by default when the user does not log in with an ID card.

　　find

　　Multiple social App users can also be rewarded without real-name authentication.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily recently found that many social apps, such as soul, Detective, Momo, etc., can be used normally by simply choosing to log in with WeChat or mobile phone number without "real-name authentication".

　　These platforms all suggest that users must be over 18 years old when registering. For example, after soul registers, users need to choose the date of birth, but users can enter the interface without hindrance by filling in a date over 18 years old at will. Among them, soul needs to use a virtual avatar, and exploration and Momo need to add a real and clear avatar.

　　In the process of use, the above App will send a pop-up window in teenager mode to the user. The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that the youth mode entering Soul needs real-name authentication, and people’s faces will be dynamically recognized during the authentication process. After the tester enters his real name information, he can’t enter the teenager mode again. The teenage mode of exploring and momo is to set the password directly.

　　In view of the fact that it can be used normally without real-name authentication, Momo customer service responded: "Some functions need real-name use." When asked which functions will be affected by not having a real name, the customer service did not give a positive answer. In addition, regarding whether the real name will restrict consumption, the customer service said: "No real name will not restrict consumption."

　　When using the live reward function of Detective and Momo, even the account without real-name authentication will automatically jump to WeChat or Alipay.

　　In terms of recharge, none of the above three softwares has relevant restrictions or secondary verification for minors. And there is no real name account and unlimited consumption, which can recharge the highest amount of soul coins, exploration coins, momo coins and VIP recharge.

　　experience

　　Push content is undifferentiated, making friends and shopping are not affected.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily used an account without real-name authentication on a dating software, and marked "the second day" in the introduction. After searching for keywords such as "making friends in junior high school", "sexy underwear" and "adult products" on the home page, a lot of related push content appeared. The purchase of goods can automatically jump to WeChat or Alipay. In other words, if minors are not authenticated in this platform, it will not affect their use.

　　After several keyword searches, Beiqing Daily reporter used the test account to open the above-mentioned dating software again, and the homepage push also became the corresponding content related to keywords, in which minor dating also appeared directly and many times. In the shopping column, most of the products pushed also meet the previous keywords.

　　In the actual measurement, the reporter of Beiqing Daily also found that there are multiple video platforms in the youth protection mode, and the platforms will impose restrictions on young users in terms of content, usage duration and consumption.

　　For example, the daily use time should not exceed 40 minutes, and it is forbidden to use the software from the evening to the next morning, and it is impossible to open or watch the live broadcast, reward, recharge, cash withdrawal and so on. For example, a survey shows that in the youth mode, except for the functions of mobile phone recharge and city service, other functions of life service, transportation and shopping consumption are all disabled, while the functions of financial management are directly hidden. Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok, short video applications, banned teenagers from watching live broadcasts, which fundamentally prevented the risk of teenagers’ recharge and reward. Tik Tok also closed Tik Tok Mall. Video platforms Iqiyi, Tencent, Youku and Mango TV have closed the membership center and all other consumption channels such as financial welfare and games. Bilibili has also closed consumer operations such as membership purchase and top-up rewards.

　　suggestion

　　Directly open the youth mode for the unauthenticated netizen platform.

　　In response to the measured results of the reporter of Beiqing Daily, Professor Shang Jianhui, deputy dean of the School of Journalism and Communication of Hebei University, believes that the platform practice that has not yet imposed restrictions on young users does not conform to the norms. "According to the explicit requirements of the Regulations on the Protection of Minors’ Network (Draft for Comment) and the Regulations on the Protection of Children’s Personal Information Network, the network platform should formulate special rules and user agreements for the protection of children’s personal information. Therefore, this practice of the platform should be improved, otherwise it may cause harm such as premature maturity of children and deception of the network. "

　　Professor Shang suggested how to improve the platform’s protection measures for minors. "At present, there are some voices in academic circles. The index system of minors’ network protection includes 19 indicators in six dimensions, including information prompt, technical protection, anti-addiction (comprehensive) management, emergency complaint and reporting mechanism, privacy and personal information protection system, scientific popularization and publicity and education."

　　"Technical protection, information tips, scientific popularization and publicity and education are the weak links in the protection of minors on the Internet platform. The platform should first strengthen technical security protection and realize standardized management of the platform; Secondly, construct an omni-directional information prompt matrix to optimize the use environment of minors; Furthermore, practice the concept of multi-knowledge inclusiveness and do a good job in popular science and publicity and education; Finally, improve the youth model and enrich the content pool for minors. " Professor Shang said.

　　Some operators who did not want to be named told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that "registering with a mobile phone number does not mean real-name authentication. Operators will not synchronize all users’ personal information to all platforms at will. It is not excluded that operators cooperate with some larger platforms to authorize the platforms to identify information through mobile phone numbers, but only if both parties sign an agreement to ensure the other party’s safe storage and standardized use of personal information. Therefore, it cannot be said that registering with a real-name mobile phone number is equivalent to real-name authentication. "

　　Earlier, Jiang Yaodong, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and former vice president of China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), also suggested that "for users who have not been authenticated, the platform can default the user to enter the youth mode, which can protect minors from browsing age-appropriate content to the greatest extent."

　　interlinkage

　　According to public data, in 2021, the number of underage netizens in China reached 191 million, and the Internet penetration rate of minors reached 96.8%. According to a survey released by Beijing Internet Court, from June 2022 to May 2023, Beijing Internet Court accepted a total of 143 civil disputes involving minors, and the number of cases increased year by year, with game recharge and live rewards accounting for the largest proportion. Among them, the phenomenon that minors involved in litigation evade family supervision and anti-addiction measures is more prominent, and most minors evade family supervision and platform authentication measures. At the same time, minors are easily influenced by bad information. Some minors use the Internet to browse pornographic, bloody and violent bad content, and some minors are influenced by the online war and the "network water army" and learn to imitate bad online behavior.

　　Text/reporter Wen Wei Intern Li Yujie

　　At the age of 30, Serina Liu became the head of a research team at the Institute of Neuroscience, China Academy of Sciences.

　　It is the dream of young people doing scientific research to set up their own research groups. Serina Liu himself had never thought that this day would come so quickly.

　　In 2018, the news that the world’s first somatic cloned monkey was born in the Institute of Neurology, Chinese Academy of Sciences was released, which was one of the most remarkable developments in the global scientific community that year. Behind this major breakthrough is a young team of "Dr. Tu", and Liu is really one of them.

　　Serina Liu stood out from the crowd thanks to the innovative mechanism and system of Institute of Neurology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. After years of follow-up interviews with the Institute of Neurology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the reporter found that the best scientific research soil is accumulating here. After 20 years of exploring the reform of scientific research system, this young research institute is moving towards the ideal of becoming the world’s top scientific research institution. Aiming at the forefront of the world’s science and technology, a lean and efficient research team is marching forward bravely, striving to lead and promote the upgrading of strategic industries with major breakthroughs in basic scientific research, and make contributions to building an innovative country and building a world science and technology power.

　　To grow up "lining", not talent "hat"

　　In 2010, Serina Liu was admitted to the Institute of Neurology of Chinese Academy of Sciences from Shandong Normal University to study for a master’s degree, and joined the macaque platform hosted by her tutor Sun Qiang. In 2016, Dr. Serina Liu graduated and published a research paper on genetically modified monkeys with autism in the top international academic magazine Nature. With his academic achievements during his doctoral period, there is no problem in applying for top foreign laboratories. Serina Liu finally decided to stay and continue his postdoctoral research in the institute.

　　Go to a good foreign laboratory as a postdoctoral researcher, and after publishing one or two good articles, apply to return to China to be a "thousand young people" — — This is the ideal growth track for most doctors in the field of life sciences after graduation. Moreover, with the "hat" of talents, the support of research funds, preferential policies for settling down and so on can follow. However, if you choose to go abroad, most of you can’t continue the project of "making cloned monkeys", and you can only do "short, flat and fast" projects in other directions.

　　The purpose of Serina Liu’s stay is to continue to work on making monkey models of brain diseases. He knows that this is the breakthrough direction of the key layout of the Institute of Neurology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and he is eager to join in it. One of the main reasons why most brain diseases can’t be effectively treated is that the current mouse model for developing drugs is far from that of humans, and most of the drugs developed are ineffective or have side effects when tested in humans. The production of disease model monkeys will bring unprecedented bright prospects for the mechanism research, intervention, diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases.

　　Muming Poo, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the Institute of Neurology, also convinced Serina Liu that only by breaking through the somatic cell cloning technology of nonhuman primates can we truly solve a series of shortcomings faced by macaques as experimental animals, establish a competitive advantage in brain science research in China and become an international leader.

　　"The domestic scientific research conditions are different, and the state pays more attention to personnel training. It is an inevitable trend to make more and more world-leading achievements in China." Serina Liu said, "In my opinion, no place can provide me with better opportunities and support than the nerve center."

　　"For a young scientific research talent who gives up studying abroad and is willing to stay at home to challenge major scientific problems, if the challenge fails, can we correctly evaluate his ability and let him still have a good development prospect?" When Sun Qiang led the team led by Serina Liu to experience numerous failures and achieved the first major breakthrough in the world’s somatic cloning of monkeys, Muming Poo raised a question worth pondering.

　　In July 2018, more than eight months after the birth of the cloned monkey, Serina Liu left the station early after only one year of postdoctoral work in the Institute of Neurology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and was officially hired as a researcher and became a research team leader of the Institute of Neurology.

　　In the past year, Serina Liu has obtained the same research start-up funds and operation funds as other researchers in the institute. His laboratory is 130 square meters, equipped with five employees, and recruits one or two students every year. "This is enough for a research group that has just started." Serina Liu said that he intends to complete the optimization and efficiency improvement of somatic cloning monkey technology in three to five years, and at the same time, open some interesting topics step by step, such as the neurobiological mechanism of puberty initiation in primates.

　　Serina Liu’s growth trajectory is just one of the cases in which the nervous system does not take the usual path and innovates the system and mechanism.

　　Speak by skill, not by title.

　　"The research team leader recruited by the Institute of Neurology only looks at whether there is a good job, not whether there is experience in studying abroad." When Serina Liu hesitated to go abroad, Muming Poo’s words reassured him.

　　This is not an exception, but a performance-centered talent use and evaluation system that the Institute of Neurology has been insisting on for many years.

　　In 1998, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made a major decision to build a national innovation system, and decided that the Chinese Academy of Sciences would launch a pilot project of knowledge innovation. As one of the important strategic arrangements of the pilot project, Chinese Academy of Sciences established the Institute of Neuroscience in November 1999, with Muming Poo as its director. At that time, the situation could be called "being ordered at a critical moment", and Muming Poo became the first foreign director of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

　　"Only by establishing a brand-new institute of modern scientific research system and using a new system and mechanism can we attract talents." At the beginning of its establishment, Muming Poo made up his mind to innovate the operation and management of scientific research institutes and vigorously reform the traditional scientific research evaluation and incentive system. His goal is to establish a top scientific research institution which is recognized by international peers and whose operation mode can be replicated and popularized in China.

　　Since 2003, the Institute of Neurology has taken the lead in introducing an international scientific research evaluation system among national scientific research institutes. Here, heroes don’t ask the source, talents don’t have the distinction of "foreign soil", and researchers should speak by skill, not by title. Even well-known experts should abide by the strict assessment requirements of the institute, and even without a diploma, they can be hired as deputy senior professional and technical posts. All work is to create a good ecological environment for scientific and technological innovation.

　　When receiving the olive branch from the nerve, Sun Qiang was still a little-known university lecturer. He graduated from Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities with no overseas study experience. At the age of 36, he had just been awarded the deputy senior title and experienced the failure of developing transgenic monkeys. He once considered whether to give up the research on nonhuman primates. At an academic conference, I learned about Sun Qiang’s practical foundation and technical level for many years. Muming Poo introduced him as a full-time senior engineer and entrusted him with the task of building a research platform for nonhuman primates.

　　To work here, Sun Qiang only made one condition to Muming Poo: to bring two veterinarians with only junior college education. Although their education is not high, they are a very important part of the scientific research team and need spirituality and concentration to achieve the ultimate.

　　At the beginning of 2018, the world’s first cloned monkey "Zhong Zhong" and "Hua Hua" cultivated by Sun Qiang’s team appeared in Cell magazine. This achievement, independently completed by scientists in China, is known as "a milestone breakthrough in the field of biotechnology in the world". The birth of the cloned monkey also proves that China has reached a stage from gradual and incremental innovation to a major breakthrough.

　　Are "Dr. Tu" and "Dr. Tu" not as good as those who have drunk "foreign ink"? Obviously not. Major breakthroughs, such as synthetic insulin, have been made by local scientists in China, most of whom are young scientists. In Muming Poo’s eyes, young people are the most innovative when they are 25 to 35 years old, but many excellent students go abroad as postdoctoral fellows, and devote the time that they can do experiments wholeheartedly to foreign laboratories in order to become "foreign talents" and get the talent "hat" smoothly.

　　"It seems that if you don’t go abroad, you can’t find a good job, and you don’t pay enough attention to the local talents you cultivate. This kind of employment orientation must be changed." Muming Poo regrets, "truly successful people don’t necessarily have to go abroad. It is very important to keep excellent doctoral and postdoctoral students in domestic first-class scientific research units and give them opportunities for innovation. There must be various mechanisms to encourage such talents. "

　　This is what the nerve has been trying to do. Under the leadership of Muming Poo, the Institute of Neurology has continuously deepened the reform of mechanism and system, and made in-depth and extensive explorations and attempts in the innovation of system and mechanism such as postgraduate training, team research to promote cross-integration, selection and promotion, and evaluation.

　　Yan Wang, secretary of the Party Committee of the Institute of Neurology, summed up the basic principles of talent work in the Institute of Neurology — — Provide a relatively stable scientific research environment, so that scientists can focus on research work; Carry out strict international assessment and implement a benign flow mechanism; Guide researchers to resist pressure and temptation, so that young scientists can work in a down-to-earth manner.

　　With these three rules, the breakthrough is ahead, and all it takes is time. Of course, it is very important to delve into major issues.

　　Stick to "big problems" instead of "short-term" topics.

　　"Big problem" is a key word deeply rooted in the culture of the Institute of Neurology.

　　It is precisely because of aiming at major scientific problems that the non-human primate research platform is built and perfected. In fact, since 2002, many research institutions in the world have started the research on somatic cell cloning of nonhuman primates. In 2010, Mitalipov, a scientist from Oregon Primate Research Center, led a team to successfully transplant cloned monkey embryos, but unfortunately, the success failed, and the embryos ended in abortion after 81 days of development.

　　However, due to the high investment cost and long output cycle of primate research, at first, many researchers who took mice as experimental objects inside and outside the Institute of Neurology were not optimistic about the investment in somatic cloned monkeys. In 2009, Muming Poo made a public opinion, and used the director’s fund layout to build a non-human primate research platform. That year, the Chinese Academy of Sciences tried out the only stable support policy for the whole hospital system, including the director’s fund. Since 2012, the non-human primate research platform project has been supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences. The background is that the Chinese Academy of Sciences, as a national strategic scientific and technological force, launched the strategic pilot science and technology project (Class B) "Study on Brain Function Linkage Map" in this year. This special project is one of the first five Class B pilot projects initiated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which is earlier than the start time of related "brain projects" in the United States, Japan and the European Union.

　　In 2014, the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the "First Action" plan, which outlined the reform of the classification of research institutes and comprehensively promoted the reform of institutional mechanisms. In the same year, based on the Institute of Neurology, the Center for Excellence and Innovation in Brain Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences was established, becoming one of the first four centers for Excellence and innovation established by Chinese Academy of Sciences.

　　In 2015, during the planning of "China Brain Project", scientists in China put forward a "one body and two wings" architecture, that is, the neural principle of brain cognition as the "main body" and the new means of diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases and the new brain-like intelligent technology as the "two wings". The Chinese Academy of Sciences responded quickly and planned the coordinated development of brain science and brain-like research. The Center for Excellence and Innovation in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology, jointly planned by Institute of Neurology and Institute of Automation, was formally established in this year.

　　Major changes have spawned major outputs. Perhaps coincidentally, on November 27th, 2017, the 18th anniversary of the establishment of the Institute of Neurology, the somatic cloned monkey "Zhongzhong" was born. In Muming Poo’s view: "The reason for our success is that we saw that this problem can be solved and stuck to it, while most foreign laboratories gave up. Our success is due to the cohesion of a group of cutting-edge talents. "

　　"If you want to make a breakthrough scientific discovery, you must do important problems. I hope that the teachers and students of the Institute of Neurology have the confidence to do the best work, have the confidence and courage to do important problems, and eventually make breakthrough scientific discoveries. " Muming Poo is convinced. The "baton" of evaluation is also guiding everyone to explore innovative major scientific issues in line with the direction of national strategic development, rather than simply doing the topic of "fast, safe and easy to publish articles".

　　At the end of November every year, it is the "big gathering" of the Institute of Neurology. After the establishment of the Center for Excellence and Innovation in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology, this tradition continued and became the "big gathering" of the whole center, and the performance evaluation of the year was carried out at the same time as academic exchanges. The evaluation results are the basis for researchers to apply for annual research funds and adjust performance allowances, and directly affect their funding and promotion opportunities.

　　The results of performance evaluation are divided into three grades: A, B and C. Members who have been rated as C for two consecutive years will be required to make rectification, and the annual performance allowance will be stopped during the rectification period; Members who have been rated as C for three consecutive years will be asked to withdraw; Members who have been rated as A for two consecutive years will be given priority in promotion assessment.

　　Yan Wang remembers that when it was first implemented, the impact was great. Some researchers can’t figure out: why did they get a C in the evaluation because they have sent so many papers with high impact factors? Because the evaluation criteria are different, the "paper-only" evaluation system has been broken since the end of 2015, focusing on the contribution to the team’s key projects, excluding the results unrelated to the team’s projects; There are significant innovative achievements in the key areas of the center layout; The investment in interdisciplinary communication includes multi-unit "squatting" teaching and research, and guiding dual-tutor graduate students.

　　What are good results and big results? What kind of achievement is a major breakthrough? "It is a major breakthrough to open up new scientific research fields and achieve milestones in the original scientific research fields. Looking around the world, the world’s top scientific research institutions have such achievements. Every scientific research field has well-known major unsolved problems, and it is the real leader in this field to continuously make major breakthroughs in one field. " Muming Poo said.

　　It is necessary to "explore freely" and "tackle key problems by team"

　　"It has been 5 years since I returned to China. Let’s see when I can get the first clinical approval." On July 8, Yang Hui, a researcher at the Institute of Neurology, wrote this sentence in a circle of friends, with a smiling expression of high morale.

　　In 2014, 29-year-old Yang Hui became the youngest researcher in the Institute of Neurology, and served as the leader of the primate disease model research group and doctoral supervisor. "90% of rare diseases are incurable. Can we do something with gene editing?" Yang Hui said that rare diseases are actually not rare. There are more than 7,000 rare diseases found in the world, with more than 300 million patients, more than cancer patients. The goal of him and his team is to develop more efficient and safer gene editing tools and build a research and development platform for treating rare diseases. "The first gene drug in China will not be too far away".

　　In the first half of this year, Yang Hui’s research group had a bumper harvest, and published two papers in Science and Nature. It was the first time in the world to confirm the off-target effect of single-base gene editing, and then further repaired the off-target "loophole" and established a new generation of single-base gene editing tools. The young researcher said frankly: "I’m still very uneasy, and I’m most worried about disappointing the students’ efforts day and night. Teacher Pu is still helping us to change articles over and over again during the Spring Festival holiday. Thank you for your efforts and hope that the results will benefit China patients as soon as possible. "

　　The birth of somatic cloned monkeys undoubtedly brought Yang Hui closer to her dream. Starting from 2018, a monthly seminar on cloned monkeys will be held. In addition to the main personnel of the primate platform, many research groups of the Institute of Neurology will participate, expecting to bear more innovative fruits in deep cross-integration. Sun Qiang said that on the basis of successfully constructing the world’s first batch of somaclonal monkeys with dysrhythmia, more efforts are being organized, and the efforts of the Institute, the Center of Excellence and even the whole country are gathered to develop a variety of disease model monkeys and tool monkeys developed by somaclonal monkey technology as soon as possible. "Many research groups in the Institute have cooperated with us."

　　In Muming Poo’s view, at present, breakthroughs in most fields require cooperative research, and establishing a concise and efficient research team is the key to a major breakthrough. "The biggest challenge in the biological science community at present is to establish an effective research team." The molecular mechanism and variety design of synthetic bovine insulin with full activity, high yield and high quality rice are not the results of individual combat. To make breakthrough work on major issues requires the team spirit of sincere cooperation, hard work and perseverance of each member, and puts the task and goal of team research above personal gains and losses.

　　This is also the first-class scientific research culture that Muming Poo has always advocated, and the first-class scientific research institutions should have. "Looking for the development direction of the frontier of science must be free to explore. However, with the development of science and technology, it is difficult to make a real breakthrough only by individual’s free exploration. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend for young and middle-aged scientists to abandon the limitations of fame and fortune, cooperate with each other and jointly answer important scientific questions. "

　　At the beginning of its establishment, the Institute of Neurology insisted on joint team research as the core way to solve major problems, and actively explored the establishment of scientific research systems and mechanisms that take into account collective goals and personal interests, demand orientation and free exploration. Here, most of the personal interests of scientific researchers are respected, most of their personal expertise is found, and valuable and distinctive frontier research fields are basically covered.

　　Muming Poo has a profound understanding of the training methods of Chinese and Western scientists, and he hopes to promote the establishment of a new scientific culture in the nerve center and cultivate intellectuals who inherit China’s traditional values. In his view, Chinese researchers should have the spirit of selflessness, and more importantly, they should have the feeling of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" of China traditional intellectuals, so as to serve the country with scientific and technological achievements.

　　"Please don’t buy things you don’t need in the near future. I am very seriously opposed to the idea of spending all the unspent funds before the end of the year. If we can’t use up the money, it means that we don’t need it. We must return it to the Chinese Academy of Sciences or other sources. This is the correct attitude of a scientist with social responsibility. " Muming Poo once sent an email to the research group leader in the institute.

　　In his view, it is a basic social conscience that researchers should use research funds cautiously. The level of scientists is expressed by ideas and innovation, not by the latest models of instruments they have. The wind of "grabbing" resources once appeared in academic circles is a waste to society. The practice of the Institute of Neurology also proves this point. The rapid development depends not on the input of resources, but on the ideal of building a world-class scientific research institution and persisting in promoting the reform of the system and mechanism.

　　At the beginning of his tenure as director of the Institute of Neurology, Muming Poo once put down his grandiloquence: "I have never been so confident in successfully establishing a world-class research institute on the land of China. This will be a research institute that will be recorded in the history of science in China. As the first director of the Institute of Neurology, I am determined to do my best to turn the Institute of Neurology into a fertile soil where the seeds of scientific invention will sprout, take root and blossom. "

　　This year, 71-year-old Muming Poo will soon witness the 20th year of this research institute, which has devoted countless efforts to it, and complete another major turn. In the near future, it will continue to complete its mission and responsibility under the name of "Center for Excellence in Innovation of Brain Science and Intelligent Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences".

　　Innovation, innovation, and innovation.

　　Fusion, fusion, re-fusion.

　　This is the result of the times and the general trend. At present, the research of brain science and intelligent technology is facing unprecedented development opportunities. After 20 years of intensive cultivation, a research team led by outstanding scientists and with outstanding young scientists as the main body has become increasingly mature and has become a main force in the research of brain science and intelligent technology in China. After 20 years of reform and innovation, the rivers crossed, the bridges crossed and the roads traversed have been integrated into the great process of China’s scientific and technological innovation to overcome difficulties and become a cornerstone to consolidate the innovation-driven development strategy. (Reporter Yan Weiqi)

Image source: the idea of the worm

Many times, we don’t know exactly what the strict definitions of foreign trade and cross-border are, because we won’t make a detailed distinction between them without touching the actual sea business. Foreign trade and cross-border e-commerce are actually very similar, but if you list them, you can still find out the relevant differences. First of all, for foreign trade, it covers a wide range, and the goods suspected of trading are not limited to physical objects, and foreign trade tends to be wholesale, just like B2B trading, and it is more complicated in tax declaration. Compared with foreign trade, cross-border e-commerce has not developed for a long time, mainly for individual overseas consumers. To sum up, it belongs to a trading model with small quantity, many types and large batches.

According to the differences between cross-border and foreign trade, we can sum up the following points:

1, the main body is different:

In the foreign trade market, enterprises expand overseas markets by promoting their own goods and services through information channels to attract foreign merchants. Therefore, from the perspective of communication methods, foreign trade belongs to information flow.

From the perspective of cross-border platforms, merchants directly publish commodity information through platforms or self-built stations, in order to complete commodity transactions. From this point of view, cross-border e-commerce takes the commodity flow.

2. Different links:In the foreign trade market, because they are all commodities, time and cost enterprises will not obviously consider optimization in import and export links and other places.

In cross-border e-commerce, both the time and cost of transportation will affect the final transaction and profit of goods, so merchants should compliment these links, try to reduce costs and improve efficiency as much as possible.

3. Different trading methods:In foreign trade, the double-sending transaction mode is offline, or the transaction is not connected to the third-party payment platform. In cross-border e-commerce, both parties to the transaction and the transaction mode are generated by the platform, and the payment also needs the intervention of a third-party payment platform.

4. Different taxes:Because foreign trade often involves large-scale transactions, it is complicated to make tax declaration in customs examination, which involves not only value-added tax but also consumption tax. Cross-border e-commerce, as a business-to-individual transaction, is simpler in terms of taxation. Sometimes you may only involve a postal tax.

5. Different modes:The basic mode of foreign trade is B2B direction, which is the product of the initial stage of global trade development. The mainstream trade model of cross-border e-commerce is B2C, which is the inevitable result of the development of global trade. Cross-border e-commerce has broken the operation mode of traditional foreign trade e-commerce, but now the boundary between cross-border e-commerce and foreign trade is becoming more and more blurred.

The advantages of To C to ToB are as follows:

Advantages of product selection:C-end sellers are more skilled than traditional B-end sellers in product selection and testing, and get market feedback earlier.

Operational advantages:C-side sellers are much better than traditional B-side sellers in operation and promotion, especially in advertising material planning, crowd positioning and data optimization.

Service advantages:A large number of overseas buyers turn online, and small and medium-sized sellers are small orders and multiple batches (less than 500 pieces), so C-end sellers can provide better service.

Therefore, at this stage, for many enterprises, especially when the C-side cross-border operation is relatively mature, it is still very advantageous and full of opportunities to consider cutting into the ToB market!

(Source: Michael talks about cross-border)

The above content belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hugo’s cross-border position! This article is reproduced with the authorization of the original author, and it needs the authorization and consent of the original author. ?

　The writer of this article is @ North of Xiaowan family.

Find everyone’s spiritual corner in the movie.

When it comes to science fiction films, the first thing that comes to mind is always the magnificent war scenes and the beautiful Ad Astra. Although it is eye-catching, it always feels a little less human.

Seeing the convergence of science fiction films, French director jean pierre jeunet, who is good at romance, can’t sit still.

Therefore, with the investment of Netflix, the new film "Giant Hole" directed by him has brought the audience a unique journey in the future with its own signature film style.

Jean pierre jeunet, a 69-year-old director, may not be a top-notch director, but every one of his works can make fans shine.

From Alien 4, which changed the direction of the series, to the most famous romantic comedy "Angels Love Beauty" in France, and then to the strange travel of young Spavey, which is extremely comfortable.

It can be said that each of his works has a beautiful, highly recognizable color style and a superb narrative technique of multi-line parallelism.

No matter what kind of works, jean pierre jeunet can be handy, and under those gorgeous appearances, there are all kinds of thought-provoking themes.

After eight years, jean pierre jeunet turned his attention to the future world.

He dreamt back to the original intention of his debut novel "Rhapsody in a Black Shop", and used the story style of absurdity and metaphor to construct a world where people and robots coexist.

"Giant Vulnerability" tells that in 2046, smart home robots and emotional robots have been legally used, and they are everywhere in life, taking care of all human diets.

Even when we need to seek comfort psychologically and physically, there are AI robots to solve problems for human beings.

Such a comfortable life not only makes human beings more stupid and lazy, but also attracts the dissatisfaction of the robot army.

So, led by the Eunex robot, AI launched a counterattack against human beings. They blocked the road and scared them with advertisements that enslaved human beings.

However, the director did not focus on the big scene of the war between man and machine, but used an almost closed space to tell the relationship between man and robot.

When a group of chattering human beings are locked in the house by their own domestic robots for the sake of "protection", people and machines begin to think about each other’s meaning again. ……

Although the relationship between man and artificial intelligence is a very old-fashioned theme, the director still adds a lot of sense of humor to the film through some very stylized angles.

For example, in peacetime, human beings are proud of their literary accomplishment and artistic accomplishment, but when the crisis of artificial intelligence comes, the ugliness of human beings trapped in the house who are bent on burning books for self-protection exposes their hypocrisy.

It can be said that no matter how advanced the development of science and technology is in the future, the true feelings and hypocrisy, emotion and indifference that generate showed in the crisis will always be the theme that the film author wants to discuss.

Jean pierre jeunet, the director, puts the audience in a world with "huge loopholes" through her remarkable future world design and her unique aesthetic style. This kind of sci-fi film similar to social experiment provides us with a new sci-fi idea.

Compared with last year’s fantastic work Don’t Look Up, The Giant Hole seems to arouse us to think more about ourselves. When stupidity and arrogance occupy our brains, the developed world will also go to destruction.

Although this film is not the director’s best work, the actor’s grandiose performance and generate’s little humor from time to time make the whole movie-watching process look relaxed and interesting.

As a sci-fi sketch, this film combines entertainment perspective with profound issues, and I believe the audience can gain some new feelings after watching it.

Note: Some pictures in this article are from Douban and the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact us actively.

North’s previous articles

Click to read

Will Altman vs Godzilla come true in his lifetime?

A week ahead of North America, the biggest explosion in April came.

After waiting for four years, Aquaman 2’s highlights are the first to watch.

Special feature of 1905 film network The teenage girl was killed, but the real murderer was actually three minors?

They are demons who are numb to evil, cruel thugs, and "snakes and rats" who refuse to resist and fall. In the face of three unrepentant underage murderers, will the girl’s father punish the real murderer by law or in his own way?

The suspense crime film adapted from the novel of the same name was officially released on May 17th. This film focuses on the topic of "juvenile delinquency" and discusses where the sharp edge of justice should point in the hesitation between love and law.

In the movie: the emotional ups and downs caused by three kinds of hesitation

As early as during the screening of the film, many viewers expressed their feelings of "worrying and really hesitating" after the screening. Wandering from the title of the film to the film itself runs through.

The first hesitation comes from the father of the victim girl. After his daughter was subjected to inhuman abuse by a minor murderer, he fell into the trap of "am I a hand-edged murderer, revenging my daughter, or taking legal channels and waiting for the day when the law punishes them?" The entanglement.

For Li Changfeng, the father of the victim girl, "the law will punish them, but it will also give them a chance, but my daughter has no chance anymore."

The second hesitation lies in the spectator’s perspective. As He Jia, on the one hand, her simple sense of justice supports her to help Li Changfeng punish the murderer. At the same time, she is also urging Li Changfeng to turn himself in, firmly believing that the police and the law will bring these murderers to justice.

The third hesitation in the film comes from Liang Jun, a policeman. In the movie, he once let Li Changfeng go after controlling him, but when Li Changfeng was really ready to kill Xie Yu, the "head of the devil", he came forward in time to stop him. Liang Jun’s hesitation lies in, on the one hand, discouraging Li Changfeng and convincing him that legal means can sanction the murderer, but when Li Changfeng himself commits a crime, he should also be arrested.

Outside the film: social thinking inspired by four key turning points

There was a stepped sign at the premiere of the film, with four key words written from top to bottom: "joke, bullying, addiction and forgetting", which just correspond to the four key turning points of the film story.

The first is "joking". Xie Yu, the first of the three juvenile offenders, said in the film, "You don’t have the courage to play, do you?" . Wang Tianxiao, the accomplice, said, "It’s okay before you reach the age of 18. If it’s a big deal, just let your dad pay more." Luo Zhicheng also said, "I didn’t know that girl would really die."

These words are full of self-righteous jokes and ignorance of the law. Because for them, they are under the age of 18 and think that they will not be punished by law, so they naturally think that this behavior is just a game and a "joke". It is in the case that the joke is getting bigger and bigger that "bullying" begins to emerge, which is what we often say — — Bullying.

The third key word is "addiction". Just as Li Changfeng indulged in the grief of losing his daughter, he cried to the police, "I only have my daughter. My daughter is dead, so I can only sit here and wait quietly, waiting for the police to tell me how my daughter died and waiting for a fair referee to do justice for my daughter." In fact, there is only one obsession in his heart, that is, to speak out for his daughter. This deep love also made him finally go to the road of revenge on the murderer.

The fourth keyword "forgetting" can be introduced from a detail in the film. Before leaving home to seek revenge, Li Changfeng clung to his daughter’s favorite doll until the end of the film. Explain that Li Changfeng doesn’t want to forget his daughter, but the criminal suspects, these underage murderers who take pleasure in bullying, have they forgotten their previous criminal acts? Liang Jun, a policeman, said, "These children are not the most terrible, the most terrible thing is forgetting".

Xie Yu, the "head of the devil", had committed two crimes before committing this crime. On the first two occasions, he insulted the victim, but this time he killed Li Qian directly after insulting him. It is in this process of constant connivance and forgetting that his criminal methods are escalating step by step, and he has gone to a more serious criminal path. Therefore, the last keyword "forgetting" is two-sided. It is precisely because the murderer forgot the pain caused by the crime that he became insensitive and committed greater guilt. However, the families of the victims who have been hurt by forgetting will never get rid of this whirlpool of pain.

Law and film are working hard.

Laws and movies have also made a lot of efforts not to "forget" these vivid realities and lives. In the past, the law did not pursue criminal responsibility for crimes committed by minors under the age of 14, but in recent years, the mental development of minors has become more and more precocious, and the means of carrying out behaviors that endanger society have become more cruel. The law responded to these acts.

The 11th Amendment to the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates in Article 17 that minors who have reached the age of 12 but have not reached the age of 14 can be investigated for criminal responsibility if they commit intentional homicide, intentional injury and cause death, or cause disability by particularly cruel means. If the circumstances are bad, they can be investigated for criminal responsibility with the approval of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate.

Some time ago, in the case of juvenile delinquency in Handan, Hebei, these minors were over 12 and under 14. With the approval of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, these three minors also entered the criminal proceedings, so what awaits them will be the investigation of criminal responsibility. Therefore, the law has chosen the strict side for minors in this respect, that is, not to "forget".

As a carrier of communication, movies sometimes play the role of spotlight and magnifying glass. At the beginning of this year, the film focused on the application of Article 20 of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). Similarly, the film "Blade of Wandering" will also arouse people’s reflection and realize the blade of justice through legal means.

Academic Scholar Li Weiwen: The Original Journal of Li Weiwen’s Architectural History from the Beginning to the End of the Reconstruction Plan of Beijing Ancestral Temple in Jiajing Dynasty of Ming Dynasty

In the tenth year of Jiajing (1531), Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty initiated a reform of the ancestral temple system in Beijing, aiming at transforming the pattern of different rooms in the same room into the pattern of different halls in the capital. As an engineering decision-maker, Ming Shizong personally formulated the planning principles, and his assistant team submitted several rounds of design schemes and accepted the examination and approval of the emperor, which finally deepened the design scheme and practice of Nine Temples, which was recorded in history. This process was recorded in detail by Xia Yan, a courtier, which not only helps to deepen the understanding of the evolution of the ancestral temple in Beijing, but also helps to understand the operation mode of ancient architectural projects in China and the role of architects.

Ming jiajing dynasty Beijing ancestral temple

The whole process of reconstruction planning scheme generation

Li weiwen

After Zhu Houzong (hereinafter referred to as Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty) ascended the pole, a series of national sacrificial rites reforms were launched, and the altar and temple facilities in Beijing were completely transformed. After Zuo Shunmen’s incident, the results of the big ceremony for his biological father (Xing Xian Di) God gradually stabilized, but Ming Shizong was always unwilling that the ancestral temple (Figure 1) failed to make a better temple system. The reform of the temple system in the later stage of Shizong in Ming Dynasty can be regarded as the continuation of the great ceremony in depth.

Figure 1 The plane state of Beijing ancestral temple in 1942.

The controversy over the ritual system is not the only obstacle for Ming Shizong to practice his personal temple system. On the specific renovation planning of the ancestral temple complex, Ming Shizong also felt a considerable obstacle, that is, as he said, "it is difficult to make the temple system more correct." In order to change the temple system, Ming Shizong launched a far-reaching action. The final result of this action was the completion of the Jiumiao complex at the end of the 15th year of Jiajing (1536) and the implementation of the new memorial ceremony. Until the 20th year of Jiajing (1541), the pattern of Jiumiao was destroyed by fire, which constituted a short and compact chapter in the history of Beijing ancestral temple (Figure 2). Yan Kai has basically combed this process in his thesis "Research on the Architecture of Beijing Ancestral Temple". However, the transformation of the ancestral temple from the original regulation of different rooms in the same room to the pattern of different halls in the same palace did not happen overnight, but it went through repeated planning and many scheme adjustments for quite a period of time. The gradual deepening of this series of architectural schemes was recorded in detail in the script of the participants such as Xia Yan, the assistant minister. Through these historical records, this paper attempts to restore the formation process of the planning and design scheme of the nine temples in Jiajing, Ming Dynasty, and to get a glimpse of the decision-making operation in the planning and design of national architecture in Ming Dynasty.

Fig. 2 Restoration performance diagram of Jiajing ancestral temple reconstruction design

Determination of planning conditions and Zhao Shanming’s scheme

As early as a few years before Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty really started to promote the reconstruction of the ancestral temple, he had revealed his plan to transform the ancestral temple into a palace hall on many occasions. One of the earliest times was a duet recorded by Li Shi in his "South City Calling Couples". Li Shi didn’t record the specific time of the dialogue, but according to Xia Yan’s record of the same performance in his book "Taking into account the ancient and modern temple system, begging for clarity and breaking the sparse", it can be known that it happened in November of Jiajing Decade (1531). In this dialogue, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty raised the concern that "the ceremony of worshipping a hundred gods in the suburbs is correct, but the ceremony of the ancestral temple is not perfect", and cited the story of Ming Taizu’s establishment of the four-parent temple, advocating the transformation of the ancestral temple into the form of a palace. However, the attitude of several ministers is very cautious. On behalf of several ministers, Li Shi first expressed the attitude that "the ceremony of nine temples is impossible". This attitude is not only considered from the perspective of etiquette, but also involves the time and physical strength required for the emperor to worship the nine temples. However, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty did not elaborate or defend the connotation of the ritual system of the Nine Temples, but directly made a statement on his idea of transforming the ancestral temple: "I want to stay in the main hall. It is said: it is good not to move the hall. When I was a minister, I said, Don’t you move the bedroom? Above, they said, "None of the three halls will move.".

Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty explained the basic planning conditions for the reconstruction of the ancestral temple to his closest officials, which actually explained the overall scale of the project and the disturbance degree to the main building of the existing ancestral temple. By determining the first principle that the three halls of the ancestral temple should not be demolished and rebuilt, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty hoped to dispel his officials’ doubts about the nature of the project and gain their support. In the dialogue, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty denied Xia Yan’s solution of temporary structures, and determined the permanent architectural nature of the project. By promising the planning principle of "don’t have to fit the ancient" and "don’t move the main hall, only use two temples ….. only have its meaning", the upper limit of the total project is explained, which dispels the exaggerated imagination and worry of the liegeman about the concept of "all palaces and separate halls". As a result, Xia Yan and others’ attitudes were obviously eased. "At first, I saw the sacred worry … the three halls did not move, and things were easy." A design team began to form.

Nevertheless, the Dugong Biedian is still a vague concept of etiquette, leaving a lot of room for specific architectural forms. The so-called Nine Temples can be nine groups of buildings with similar scale (such as the Nine Temples of Wangmang) or a complex with clear priorities, and the ritual connotations of these possibilities are different. After this performance, Xia Yan put forward two obstacles for the ministers to make the plan of the Nine Temples. First, the ancient ceremony required Zhao Muqun Temple to be in the south of the ancestral temple, but the land south of the ancestral temple was not plentiful: "If the temple of three Zhao and three Mu was in front of the ancestral temple according to the ancient system, it would be very far from the south of the imperial palace to the Chengtianmen wall. Even if you do your best to build a group of temples, you will be afraid of the situation. " Secondly, the scale of Zhaomu temples in ancient rituals is imitated as ancestral temples or only slightly increased or decreased. If such a design is adopted, the shortage of land will be aggravated. However, if the scale is reduced to the extent that the existing land can be accommodated, it is not appropriate in the ritual system: "The ancients had seven temples and nine temples, and the system was the same. The structure of the ancestral temple is extremely grand and strong, and the temples in the group are humble, so I am afraid it is not called the residence of the nine temples before my death. " The solution of these two contradictions runs through the whole project planning.

In the 11th year of Jiajing (1532), Zhao Shanming, an experienced officer of the Chinese army, introduced the reconstruction scheme of the ancestral temple (numbered scheme I in this article), and Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty ordered the auxiliary ministers to evaluate the scheme. On March 12th of that year, Xia Yan refuted Zhao Shanming’s visit to the temple in his book Refuting the Experience of Zhao Shanming’s Temple, directly questioning Zhao Shanming’s "lack of etiquette". Surveying and mapping the ancestral temple without permission, "measuring refers to painting" and "things are good at drawing". However, since Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty ordered Xia Yan and others to evaluate Zhao Shanming’s proposal, it shows that he is interested in the proposal and at least agrees with some of its ideas. Therefore, Zhao Shanming’s plan can be regarded as the first conceptual plan for the transformation of the ancestral temple.

Zhao Shanming first emphasized in his recitation that his plan followed the planning principle defined by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, and that "the ancestral temple, the second bedroom temple and the Golden Gate were all untouched". The main points of its plan are as follows:

Expand the whole land of the ancestral temple and push out the existing ancestral temple wall to the four sides. The east wall of the expanded ancestral temple is close to the west wall of the World Temple, leaving five feet between them, and the existing river channel between the ancestral temple and the World Temple is changed into a culvert; The north wall is in line with the north wall of the World Temple; The western wall reaches the corridor along the front line of the end gate and the noon gate, leaving five feet behind; The south wall reaches the imperial city wall on the east side of Chengtianmen, leaving five feet with it. The five-foot gap left in the above three directions will form a "U"-shaped carriageway. The expanded land for the ancestral temple completely occupies the area east of Liuke Gallery, south of Tongzi River and west of the World Temple, which will basically occupy the existing pine and Berlin.

Due to the external expansion of the walls of the ancestral temple, the main courtyard of the ancestral temple will be independent from the center of the land. Taizong Temple and Sanzhao Temple are arranged on its east side, and Sanmu Temple is arranged on its west side, with a total of seven groups of buildings. Zhao Shanming demarcated each group of construction land as 30 feet deep and 28 feet wide, and reserved tunnels in between. According to its own calculation, except for Taizong Temple, Sanzhao and Sanmu are arranged from the new south wall of Taizong Temple to the north, with a total depth of 95.4 zhangs, and its land use is the same as the southern edge of the pedestal of Taizong Temple. The World Temple maintains the status quo (Figure 3).

Fig. 3 The idealization of Scheme I refuted in Xia Yan’s recitation on March 12th, 11th year of Jiajing (1532) in Gui Zhou Recital.

Left: there are both ancestral temples; Right: Planning the ancestral temple

It should be noted that Zhao Shanming’s reconnaissance and design work are all his personal behaviors, and his grasp of the overall scale of the ancestral temple is quite biased. If, according to the real scale of the ancestral temple area, the wall branch is expanded as planned, the central building complex of the ancestral temple will not be in the middle of the area, but will be slightly west. It is also difficult to realize the scale of the group temples designed by Zhao Shanming. Once arranged, it will completely fill the space on both sides of the ancestral temple, especially on the narrow west side. If a group of temples are arranged with a width of 28 feet, it will not meet the 5-foot-wide imperial road in the temple street gate reserved in Zhao Shanming’s plan. Therefore, the performance in Figure 3 of this paper has made some adjustments to the scale of the group temples, and the size of the group temples in the figure is slightly smaller than the data given by Zhao Shanming to reflect the original intention of the scheme.

In addition, Zhao Shanming’s plan also involves a number of environmental adjustments, including using the existing rocks in the pine forest of Taimiao, "after moving to the World Temple, fill the river and fill it up, and grow more pines and cypresses to protect the Xuanwu side"; Plant more flowers and trees in front of the ancestral temple. With regard to the material raising for the project implementation, the scheme even puts forward the idea of designing the large wooden structure in advance and sending it to the southern provinces to deliver the large wooden components to Beijing after production, which is quite imaginative. However, all these proposals were refuted by Xia Yan. Xia Yan only affirmed Zhao Shanming’s proposal that Taizong and Shimin temples should not enter Zhaomu and remain immortal out of his observation of the original intention of Ming Shizong’s ritual painting.

Looking at Zhao Shanming’s plan, its overall idea basically meets the planning conditions proposed by Ming Shizong, but its planned area for Zhaomu Temple is too large, and the existing trees are cut down too much, which does not reflect the original intention of Ming Shizong to accommodate new buildings only in two spaces. In addition, its scheme only affirmed the immovable status of the World Temple from the ritual system, but did not give an architectural solution, which could not satisfy the selfishness that Ming Shizong did not point out, which was an important weakness of the scheme.

The deepening of Zhao Shanming’s plan and the plan of Jiumiao Dugong

After Xia Yan’s criticism, Zhao Shanming’s plan was also rejected by Ming Shizong. But soon, on the second day of April in the 11th year of Jiajing (1532), Xia Yan went to the book "Rules and Regulations on Building a Ancestral Temple in Jincheng" and introduced two improvement schemes with several courtiers and internal supervisors, which showed that Zhao Shanming’s proposal really extended the discussion on the temple system for some time.

Xia Yan mentioned in this lecture that after the personnel who participated in the engineering design made a reconnaissance of the ancestral temple, a plan for expanding the outer wall of the ancestral temple in three directions (scheme II in this paper) was briefly put forward. In fact, this plan is very close to the idea of Zhao Shanming’s plan, that is, expanding the land for the ancestral temple to accommodate the group of temples, but the scale of this expansion is far smaller than that of Zhao Shanming’s plan, and it is still basically controlled outside the two temples of the existing ancestral temple (Figure 4). The biggest adjustment of Zhao Shanming’s scheme in Scheme II is to give up the idea of trying to strictly control the land of Zhaomu Temple in the south of the existing ancestral temple according to ancient rites, thus greatly alleviating the land shortage on the south side of the ancestral temple in Zhao Shanming’s scheme. The scale and arrangement of the group temples were not mentioned in the recital, but we can see that the total depth of each group temple in the east and west still exceeds the existing ancestral temple land, and the purpose of expanding the south wall is to form a new capital palace to match the total depth of the group temples. However, it is not stated in the recitation whether the Taizong Temple, the ancestral hall of Wenzu, is also included in the scope of the capital palace.

Fig. 4 Scheme II mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the second day of April in the 11th year of Jiajing (1532) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

It is recorded in the notes that this design has undergone a new adjustment, forming another scheme (scheme ⅲ in this paper), that is, the east-west wall remains completely intact, and only the width of two gaps is used to accommodate the Zhaomu Temple; The south wall is still spreading to the south, but to a lesser extent: "There is no need to spread the east and west walls, but only 14 feet and 4 feet in the wall divided by 20 feet and 9 feet as the royal road, 11 feet and 5 feet as the width of the temple, and 22 feet and 5 feet as the depth of the temple … The temple gate wall only spreads to the south by 80 feet and 8 feet".

In this scheme, each group of Zhaomu temples is arranged vertically, and two royal roads connecting the temples run through from the inside, forming a ∩-shaped passage with the tunnel between the back wall and the back wall of the temple. According to the design of 8.8-foot south extension of the south wall of Taimiao in this plan, Taizong Temple has been clearly incorporated into Dugong at this time: expanding the south wall by 8.8-foot on the basis of the total depth of 81.2-foot of Taimiao will form a Dugong with a depth of 90-foot, and the hatchback can just accommodate four temples adjacent to the north and south with a depth of 22.5-foot (Figure 5). The planning of Jiumiao Dugong was thus formed.

Fig. 5 Scheme III mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the second day of April in the 11th year of Jiajing (1532) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

This plan has not involved the architectural design of each temple in detail, but only mentioned that "each temple will only build a main hall with five rooms" and there is no sleeping hall. It shows that the officials who participated in the design at this time have fully understood the instruction of Ming Shizong about the design of group temples, and no longer pursue the perfection of regulation and the far-reaching scale. At this point, the feasible factors in Zhao Shanming’s scheme have been basically extracted, while his exaggerated assumption on the scale of land use has been abandoned. However, for this deepening plan, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty only approved "Stop", and the reconstruction of the ancestral temple was put on hold for some time. Perhaps this is still due to the controversy over the connotation of the ritual system.

On September 8th, 13th year of Jiajing (1534), Xia Yan and others were ordered to visit the ancestral temple again, and a new round of design began. The origin of this design was the disaster of the ancestral temple in Nanjing, which was interpreted by Xia Yan and others as the auspicious feeling that ancestors expected the new temple system, which made Ming Shizong make up his mind. Xia Yan quoted the architectural design scheme of a group of temples personally put forward by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty in his Regulation of Seven Temples at the Order, that is, "the system does not need to go far from the front and back temples, that is, the front hall has five rooms, the tiger seat is backward, and three rooms are connected to the dormitory from Zhangyu, which is also righteous." The reason why Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty took the lead in guiding the design of the buildings of the ancestral temples when the overall pattern of the renovation was not yet determined was that on the one hand, he insisted that the regulations of the temples still needed to be complete, denying the simple design of each temple with only one main hall, on the other hand, he restricted the occupation scale of the newly-built temples, further reducing the impact on the existing pattern of the ancestral temples.

Fig. 6 Scheme IV mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the eighth day of September in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

According to Xia Yan’s recitation, "It was originally planned that the regulations of the temples would reach the south wall of the ancestral temple, then the east and west temple walls would go out before the Jimen Gate of the ancestral temple, and there would be obstacles in the kitchen of the Shenku". It can be seen that there was still an intermediate scheme (scheme IV in this article) between the eleventh year of Jiajing (1532) and this new discussion in the thirteenth year of Jiajing (1534). In this scheme with unknown formulation time, the south wall of Taimiao does not expand to the south, indicating that the total size of the temples has been reduced again. However, the land for Zhaomuqun Temple will still stand out from the south of Jimen Line, "reaching the south wall of Taimiao". The design of the extended hatchback, such as schemes III and IV, will lead to the narrowing of the square between the Jimen Gate and the Liulimen Gate of the Imperial Temple, and at the same time, it is necessary to move the Shenku Shenchu and Jingting (Figure 6). These problems may be the reason why Ming Shizong personally restricted the scale of the main buildings of various temples in September, 13th year of Jiajing (1534). Under the new guidance, the area occupied by the temples in the group can continue to shrink, and the southernmost part "merges with the side door of the ancestral temple gate, and the straight north back wall merges with the ancestral temple temple", and a new scheme of "solemn potential" (scheme V in this paper) can be formed. From then on, all the designs that caused the uneven parts of the land or the need to move the wall were put an end to.

Fig. 7 Plan V mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the eighth day of September in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

The plane pattern logic of scheme V is completely the same as that of the later implementation. Compared with the above-mentioned schemes, the difference between them and schemes I, II and III is that the four external walls are not expanded; The difference with Scheme IV is that the inner wall does not move, while the new wall strictly follows the extension line of the existing frame. In the new scheme, the scale of each temple group is equal, the depth is 16.15 feet, and the total depth of the temples group is 64.6 feet. This value is completely consistent with the distance between the existing halberd gate and the back wall of the temple (that is, the total depth of the two gaps is 67.5 zhangs minus the width of the tunnel behind the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple Scheme V was finally approved by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, and the reconstruction project of Taimiao entered the preparatory stage of the project. It is expected to start in the spring of the 14th year of Jiajing (1535). At this point, all the intentions of the Ming Shizong to transform the ancestral temple into a palace hall have been implemented in the planning, but another important intention of the Ming Shizong to initiate the temple system reform, that is, the relocation of the temple, has not been reflected in the above design process.

Moving in and Design of the World Temple

According to the Regulation of the World Temple on the 8th day of February in the 14th year of Jiajing (1535) included in Gui Zhou Memorial, it seems that the idea of the moving in and specific regulation of the World Temple in Ming Shizong started a little late, more like a parallel project with the transformation of the Imperial Temple Palace. Some studies believe that in the design of the Imperial Palace of Taimiao, there are four groups of buildings, namely ShiShi Temple and Sanzhao Temple, on the left, while Sanmu Temple is on the right. The land opposite to ShiShi Temple may be the location reserved by Shizong in Ming Dynasty for Ruizong. But in fact, in the paintings of the ancestral temple of Shizong in the Ming Dynasty, the temple was always the capital palace for itself. At this stage, there was no attempt to merge the God of Ruizong into the capital palace of Taimiao. In terms of etiquette, even after the reign of Emperor Ruizong in the 17th year of Jiajing (1538), there was at most a dispute with the ranking of Wu Zong, and there was no reason to directly override the three Mu. From the architectural point of view, the existing temple at that time occupied a large area, and its main building was regulated according to the Wenhua Temple ("In the east of the brick city, within the imperial city, the south city is as far north as possible or a temple is set up in the east. The porch of the bedroom door behind the front hall is like the Wenhua Hall "), which is much larger than the planned Zhaomu Temple in the Imperial Palace and the planned Wenzu World Room. If we must move into the extremely cramped space of the Imperial Temple Palace, it will inevitably lead to a situation that the regulation of the new world temple is not as good as that of the existing one, which is absolutely unacceptable to Ming Shizong. Therefore, the hypothesis that the virtual master treats the Rui Sect is debatable.

The early planning of the New World Temple is not recorded in the literature. By the time Xia Yan published "Rules and Regulations on the Temple of the World" in the 14th year of Jiajing (1535), the design of the World Temple had actually begun. According to the imperial edict of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, "The World Temple proposed by Qing et al. yesterday was regulated in the east of Taimiao, and trees could not be moved", indicating that the World Temple was originally located on the land adjacent to the east side of Taimiao Dugong. For the sake of cutting down trees as little as possible, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty finally chose Xinshi Temple as "a wide place in the southeast of the ancestral temple … which stops at Shenshen Road in the north and reaches the east wall of Chengtianmen in the south, with a total length of 63 feet and 3 feet". However, the Xinshi Temple is not adjacent to the Great Wall of the Imperial City, but only occupies the northern part of the land: "The depth of the north and south … is 35 feet and 9 inches, and the width of the temple street in the south is 27 feet and 4 feet". In this way, the Xinshi Temple is actually embedded in the gap between the Imperial Palace and the east channel of the Imperial Temple, and its overall pattern is not plentiful (Figure 8). In the 22nd year of Jiajing (1543), the Imperial Palace was destroyed by fire. After a site survey, Yan Song made a more detailed description of the site selection pattern of the surviving Xinshi Temple (then known as Ruimiao Temple), saying that "another waist wall outside the east wall of Ruimiao Temple is near the deep ditch. This ditch is the way for the inner imperial city to pass water … It is found that the base of the old temple is more than 63 feet across, and now the ground is added to the ditch in the east wall, which stops at 19 feet. " It is conceivable that the New World Temple, which is only 19 feet wide, is arranged in this gap, and its width is 17 feet wide.

Fig. 8 The site selection data of the World Temple mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the eighth day of February in the 14th year of Jiajing (1535).

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

It is further pointed out in "Rules and Regulations on the Temple of the World" that the original design of the Temple of the World was "nine front halls, seven rear bedrooms … seven in front of them … seven in back … five in back … five in halberds … and its rules and regulations are almost the same as those of the ancestral temple. Considering the narrow scale of the land used for the New World Temple, this design may mean a particularly compact opening rhythm (this compact opening rhythm to ensure the number of rooms can be seen in the Jingdechong Temple, the imperial temple in Beijing, which was also created for the ritual system of Jiajing Dynasty). Why this design was finally abandoned has not been mentioned in the literature.

The regulation of the architecture of Xinshi Temple was finally determined as seven front halls, five rear bedrooms, five front two bedrooms, three rear two bedrooms and five halberds. The specific scale of each single building is attached with pictures, but unfortunately it has not been handed down from generation to generation. After that, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty said that "the height of the temple should be adjusted from now on, and the rest should be adjusted according to the plan", which seems to have been adjusted in detail. Only the follow-up information has not been published in the literature.

Strengthening the regulation of Taizong temple and the architectural design of each temple

Before the actual construction of Jiumiao Dugong, its design underwent another adjustment, the main purpose of which was to increase the temple regulation of Taizong Temple and make it different from Zhaomu Temple. In Reconsidering the Rules and Regulations of Seven Temples in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), Xia Yan introduced a fine-tuning scheme, trying to heighten the Taizong Temple without changing the established graphic design of the scheme. Generally speaking, there are many ways to improve the design height of a temple, and the height can be found on the abutment, column height, paving layer and roof elevation. However, the lifting height of the large wooden structure is generally limited by the depth ratio of the temple, and it is impossible to increase it arbitrarily. In the graphic design scheme of Taizong Temple, which covers the same area as Zhaomu Temple, "because the base site is the same, it is difficult to worship Dongyu". In this fine-tuning scheme, the front hall and the sleeping hall of Taizong Temple are barely one foot, four inches, five minutes and five inches higher than those of the group temples. This symbolic increase is difficult to observe with the naked eye in the Jiumiao complex with high building density.

Fig. 9 Scheme VI mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on October 23rd, 13th year of Jiajing (1534) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

Therefore, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty immediately requested that "the imperial ancestor Taizong’s family room should be added again". Therefore, Xia Yan and others decided to adjust the plane pattern of Jiumiao building complex again, expand the scale of Taizong Temple, reduce the depth of the temple group from 16.15 feet in the plan to 16 feet, and merge the vacated space into the land for Taizong Temple, so that the depth of Taizong Temple reached 16.6 feet, providing space for the worship of the temple. After the above adjustments, this version of the floor plan (numbered scheme ⅵ in this paper) was finally determined as the implementation scheme of Jiumiao Dugong (Figure 9).

After this adjustment, the temple regulation of Taizong Temple was finally able to distance itself from Zhaomu Temple. The increasing degree of the design data of the single hall of Taizong Temple mentioned in the recitation can also reverse the design scale of the group temple buildings, which is summarized in Table 1:

Table 1 The design data of Taizong Temple mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on October 23rd, 13th year of Jiajing (1534) and the design data of each group of temples deduced from it.

palace hall

Wide face (Zhang)

Depth (Zhang)

Tonggao (Zhang)

Taizong temple front hall

7.759

4.009

5.495

Qunmiao qiandian

7.59

3.759

5.05

Taizong temple sleeping hall

6.009

2.395

3.575

Qunmiao rest hall

5.84

2.259

3.375

Through site adjustment, the height of the front hall of Taizong Temple is 0.445 m higher than that of Zhaomuqun Temple, and the height added on the abutment is 0.1 m, which shows that the height added on the wooden structure or tile is 0.345 m.. The height of the sleeping hall of the world room is 0.2 zhangs higher than that of the sleeping hall of Zhaomuqun Temple, and the height added on the abutment is 0.1 zhangs, which shows that the height added on the wooden structure or tile is also 0.1 zhangs.

With the actual progress of the reconstruction project, Xia Yan further detailed the dimensions of the Ming rooms in front of each temple in his "Sketch of the Regulation of Objects in Jincheng Ancestral Temple" on the third day of August in the 14th year of Jiajing (1534). These data are helpful to further restore the architectural design in the new temple system (Figure 10).

Fig. 10 Scale summary diagram of newly-built temples and courtyards in Gui Zhou Memorial and its pattern restoration hypothesis.

According to the architectural pattern design of the temples put forward by Ming Shizong in September of the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), "There are five front halls, with the tiger seats backward, and three bedrooms are connected after the zhangs". It is speculated that in the final implementation plan of the transformation of the ancestral temple, both the ancestral temple and the Zhaomuqun temple are only the front halls and the rear bedrooms, and there are no two guards and halberds. As for the tiger-seat eaves behind the front hall, it is a common practice in temples and ritual buildings in the Ming Dynasty, and it should be as wide as the Ming Dynasty, but its exact depth has not been recorded in the literature. In Figure 10, the images are expressed by dotted lines. The scale of the World Temple is longer than that of other newly-built temples to accommodate the Jimen and the two temples, and its overall pattern is similar to that of the main courtyard of the Imperial Temple. The width and height of the front and rear halls of the World Temple are not recorded in Gui Zhou Recital, but it can be seen from the Sketch of the Regulation of Objects in Jincheng Ancestral Temple that the scale and depth of the Ming Dynasty (the "depth of the Ming Dynasty" recorded in this sketch is actually the total depth of the building) are obviously larger than those of Taizong Temple and Zhaomu Temple.

With regard to the architectural design of the temples and bedrooms, except for the World Temple, given that the front halls of each group of temples are five rooms wide, according to the common practice of temples in the Ming Dynasty, if the other rooms have equal spans, the dimensions of other rooms of these buildings can be calculated from the Ming Dynasty. With reference to the architectural examples of the Ming Dynasty and the existing buildings of the ancestral temple, on the premise that the existing single building of the ancestral temple complex has a saving distance of no more than 11 doukou, assuming that the saving distance of the newly-built temples is 11 doukou, it can be further inferred that the materials used are as shown in Table 2:

Table 2 Speculation on the Ming scale and timber scale of newly-built temples

build

bay

Width (feet)

Presumptive saving equivalent number

Calculate the saving distance (feet)

Estimated bucket mouth value (inch)

Estimated design bucket mouth value (inch)

Taizong temple front hall

Mingjian

23.59

seven

3.37

3.064

three

Other rooms

13.5 (Extrapolation)

four

3.375

3.068

Qunmiao qiandian

Mingjian

22.9

seven

3.271

2.974

three

Other rooms

13.25 (calculation)

four

3.3125

3.011

Shimiaoqiandian

Mingjian

25

seven

3.571

3.247

3.25

The regulation of sleeping halls in newly-built temples is rarely recorded in the literature, and there is no data on the scale of Ming Dynasty. However, considering the design rules of the building complex, its materials should be the same as the corresponding front hall. At present, each single building on the central axis of the ancestral temple is 4 inches, and the newly built temples adopt smaller buckets, which is also consistent with the intention of "respecting the ancestors" in Jiumiao Dugong. The width and depth of each hall are all zero, especially ending with nine points and nine inches. In addition to the auspicious factors, it is likely to include the consideration of the side feet of eaves columns in order to obtain a more complete size in the paving layer and roof.

Fig. 11 Presumption on the standing of the front and back temples of Jiajing Taizong Temple (World Room)

The literature does not specify the height of each temple abutment and the roof shape, and this paper does not focus on restoring the single building shape of each temple. Generally speaking, judging from the ratio of the height to the depth, the front hall of Taizong Temple and the front halls of all temples should be double eaves, otherwise the roof height or abutment height will be too high. In the Ming Dynasty, the proportion of halls and halls was wide and flat, and in extreme cases, the height of eaves and columns could only reach about 60% of the width of rooms and halls. Assuming the front hall of the Temple of Etai, the eaves column is about 14.16 feet high, and the height of the golden column is about 26.9 feet if calculated by 1.9 times the eaves column. Assuming that the depth of the front hall of Taizong Temple is 4.009 feet, the depth of the secondary steps accounts for two distances before and after, and the upper eaves are paved with seven steps and a single elevation, the depth of the upper eaves is about 2.673 feet. According to the roof height of 3: 1 and the abutment height of 6 feet, a draft design of side vertical sample can be obtained (Figure 11). Considering the height of the ridge tiles of the temple, the height of the temple can basically be consistent with the ruler contained in the literature, and the proportion is reasonable.

On the national etiquette system from the perspective of the nine temples project

Decision-making and planning principles of buildings

The design process of Jiajing’s renovation of ancestral temple revealed some renovation principles of large-scale buildings such as national altar temple in Ming Dynasty. The graphic design of national large-scale buildings in Ming Dynasty followed a series of laws of scale and proportion, which was discussed in detail by Mr. Fu Xinian in the article "Characteristics of Master Planning Techniques of Beijing Palace Temple and other large-scale buildings in Ming Dynasty". On this basis, the Research on Architectural Design of Beijing Imperial Temple further points out that the two walls inside and outside the main body of the Imperial Temple, and the walls and individual building scales all cooperate with each other, such as the width of the outer wall is equal to the depth of the inner wall, and so on.

However, this carefully constructed plane pattern was once challenged unprecedentedly when Jiajing rebuilt Jiumiao Temple. A series of preliminary process schemes sorted out in the above article have interfered with the original pattern of the ancestral temple complex to varying degrees. The author speculates that in Jiajing period, the design data of Yongle Zhaozao ancestral temple and Hongzhi Zengjian temple may have been missing, and some precise intentions in the initial graphic design are no longer known. The opportunities for ministers and workers to actually contact the ancestral temple space are extremely limited, and it is even more difficult to understand the proportion and modulus contained in its plane pattern. Interestingly, the subsequent design deepening process of Jiumiao complex happened to be a process of gradually returning to Yongle-Hongzhi plane planning. In the early planning, the disturbance to the original plane was gradually reduced and neutralized, and finally, the principle of design under the original plane framework was completely established. As for the reasons behind this process, on the one hand, it is the guidance of the planning principle of "minimum intervention in plane" determined by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, on the other hand, it may also be that the officials and ministers gradually realized the intention of the original plane design of Yongle-Hongzhi in the round of deepening the plan. Judging from the fact that the gate wall of the Temple of God, which was built in the 24th year of Jiajing (1545), still follows this plane frame, the original design intention of the ancestral temple complex should have been clearly understood by the monarch and his ministers at that time.

With the help of the above planning and design, we can also get a glimpse of the decision-making process of the transformation of a group of buildings located at the top of the national etiquette system in Ming Dynasty. In this process, it is particularly noteworthy that the emperor’s auxiliary ministers participated in the planning. It is generally believed that the design process of large-scale official construction projects in the history of ancient architecture in China is significantly different from that in the West. In the west, architects with independent professional status often intervene in official or royal projects by participating in bidding and accepting entrustment. The deepening, promotion and adjustment of the design scheme form a complete cycle of creation, cooperation and game, which is closer to the mode of contract signing by Party A and Party B in contemporary construction projects. In ancient China, however, the role of national engineering architect was much more vague. On the one hand, it was undertaken by the emperor himself as the project decision maker, on the other hand, it was undertaken by the craftsmen and wood factories as structural engineers and builders, and there seemed to be a lack of a docking layer between them. However, by observing the design process of Jiumiao architectural complex in Jiajing period, it can be found that the auxiliary ministers around the emperor played an important role in the decision-making of specific engineering projects, although they did not necessarily have a civil knowledge background. On the one hand, they had the opportunity to listen to the emperor’s instructions on the project planning principles and put forward their opinions. On the other hand, their direct reconnaissance of the project site also formed the basis for further design work. Before the specific project is truly assembled, there may be many schemes put forward by them for discussion and deepening. These steps make up for the "design" gap between planning and construction; The construction engineering literacy of the auxiliary ministers constitutes the "group role" of the ancient architects in China.The important attribute of "X" is worthy of further analysis in future research.

Residual theory

Scholars such as Mr. Fu Xinian and Yan Kai have found that the graphic design of the ancestral temple in Beijing adopts a square grid of 50 feet as the basic module, and tried to restore the original design scale of the ancestral temple through modern surveying and mapping data. However, all kinds of scale data in the design process of the reconstruction of the ancestral temple mentioned in Xia Yan and others’ notes can undoubtedly push this exploration forward.

If we compare the scales in documents related to Jiajing’s transformation of ancestral temple with those restored by Fu Xinian and Yan Kai (Table 3), we will find that the scale data obtained from reconnaissance in historical documents do not completely correspond to the modulus of five feet, and are often not integer feet. On the one hand, it shows that there may be differences between ancient surveying and mapping accuracy and design accuracy, on the other hand, it also shows that plane modulus is not the only design principle of large-scale buildings. The engineering and cognitive factors behind this need to be further explored.

Table 3 Comparison of document scale, measured reduction scale and design reduction scale of Taimiao building complex

Documents and Calculation Scale in Jiajing Period (Zhang)

Modern measured scale (Zhang)

Design reduction scale (Zhang)

The wall goes deep from north to south.

81.2

85.3

eighty-five

The interior wall goes deep from north to south.

64.6

65.22

65

East-west width of big wall

63~64

65

65

East-west width of interior wall

34.2~35.2

36

36

Width of tunnel behind the temple

2.9

2.5

Jimen Square goes deep.

13.7

17.5

Compartment width

14.4

14.5

14.5

Most of the literature data are in good agreement with the measured reduction data, and the measured reduction scale is generally slightly larger than the literature scale. Considering that the modern surveying and mapping data and square modulus analysis adopted by Mr. Fu Xinian are based on the wall skin, these deviations may mean that the surveying and mapping data in the Ming Dynasty literature are based on the wall centerline. The difference of the above data is generally within the control range of the project, except for the item of the depth of the great wall of Taimiao complex from north to south, there is a significant difference of about 3.8 zhangs between the document scale and the actual scale, and this difference is caused by the difference of the depth of Jimen Square. This shows that at some point since the transformation of the ancestral temple in Jiajing period, the southern wall of the ancestral temple has indeed been expanded to the south. When did this expansion happen? Was it when the ancestral temple was rebuilt in the 22nd year of Jiajing (1543) or when the river bridge in front of Jimen Gate was expanded in the 28th year of Qing Qianlong (1763)? If the south wall of the existing ancestral temple is retracted 3.8 feet to the north, the geometric center of the formed large wall will fall on the front eaves of the enjoyment hall. Is this the original design intention when the ancestral temple was founded in Yongle period? These are still problems to be solved.

In the 24th year of Jiajing (1545), the episode of Nine Temples finally ended. The ancestral temple complex was restored to the old system, and Ruizong was able to build a temple. This construction history, which is full of subtle considerations of etiquette and personal sustenance, has hardly left any trace in the current ancestral temple, but its meticulous and detailed design process has enabled us to re-understand the operation mode of China’s ancient national project.

Ming Shizong’s idea of changing the temple system has gone through five years from concept to realization. The new temple system is not the arbitrary result of the king, but a mature operation from determining the planning principle, evaluating the conceptual scheme, organizing on-site reconnaissance, submitting the formal design, deepening the comparison and selection, and several rounds of adjustment until the final construction. The design data left in this process has promoted our understanding of the architectural evolution of Beijing ancestral temple. However, the in-depth participation of officials such as Xia Yan shows their architectural engineering accomplishment, which fills the gap in the traditional cognition that there is no architect in ancient architectural design in China.

Brief introduction of the author

Li Weiwen, postdoctoral fellow, doctor of the Palace Museum. His research interests are Beijing urban history and architectural history of Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

WeChat official account’s pictures and texts have been abridged. Please refer to Journal of Architectural History, No.3, 2021 for a complete reading. All rights reserved, please indicate the source. The standard citation format of this article is as follows, please refer to it:

Li Weiwen. The whole process of the reconstruction plan of Beijing ancestral temple in Ming Jiajing Dynasty [J]. Journal of Architectural History, 2021,2 (3): 30-38.

Related reading

The third issue of 2021 is now fully issued.

Click on the picture to purchase the magazine directly.

Journal of architectural history

Journal of Architecture History

Professional academic journals in the field of architectural history

Original title: "Academic Scholar Li Weiwen: The whole story of the reconstruction plan of Beijing ancestral temple in Ming Jiajing Dynasty"

Read the original text

　　"Dad, are you ready?" At the beginning of June, a series of copywriting appeared in an advertisement of a medical beauty client to warm up the newly launched "Double Eyelid Festival". This advertisement, which blew up the elevator, also caused widespread controversy because of the encouragement to young medical beauty practitioners implied by the word "Dad".

　　According to the analysis of the 2018 medical beauty industry white paper released by a medical beauty service platform, among every 100 medical beauty consumers in China, there are 19 "post-00", and the momentum of starting medical beauty consumption after 00 is stronger than that after 90. In 2019, the proportion of medical and beauty consumers under the age of 19 in China has reached 15.48%.

　　There are indications that the plastic surgery population is gradually becoming younger. Then, why did "after 00" choose cosmetic surgery early? What is the significance of plastic surgery for them? Is it necessary to have plastic surgery at a young age? Qianjiang evening news reporter conducted an investigation on this.

　　In plastic surgery, minors often appear accompanied by their parents.

　　Engaged in plastic surgery for four years, every winter and summer vacation, Liu Jun, a plastic surgeon in a 3A hospital in Hangzhou, will witness the peak of student gathering. "Almost every month, 60 or 70 students come for cosmetic surgery, accounting for 30%~40%."

　　"Most of them are high school graduates. Because they are about to enter the university, they hope to meet a new life and a new social circle with a better self." In recent years, the demand for medical beauty of high school graduates has been increasing year by year. Liu Jun understands their mentality, but from time to time he will meet several young medical beauticians who are at a loss.

　　"Campus Beauty" Trouble: Am I not very pretty?

　　The girl opposite talked about her various facial defects without thinking. But Liu Jun clearly saw that her face was white and beautiful, her skin was transparent and full, and her facial features were correct. He silently scored 95 points for the girl’s face value.

　　The girl’s name is Fangfang, 15 years old, and she is in Grade Three. She looks in the mirror frequently every day, makes "ugly" comments on herself distorted in her mind countless times, and consults medical beauty everywhere at any cost.

　　Finally, one summer, Fangfang, accompanied by her mother, sat in front of Liu Jun.

　　Liu Jun clearly saw that the girl’s eyes revealed a desire for change — — "My palate is leaning forward. Can I push it back?"

　　After entering the door, Fangfang’s mother just stood by without saying a word, smiling helplessly at Liu Jun.

　　"You are beautiful, there is no need to fix it." Liu Jun interrupted Fangfang’s words and directly denied her biased cognition of herself.

　　"You see, that’s what doctors say." At this time, the mother on the side spoke the first sentence, "I have been persuading for a long time before, but my daughter just doesn’t believe it."

　　In fact, because of her outstanding appearance, Fangfang, the "school flower", has always attracted much attention. But since entering junior high school, I heard someone say that another girl in other classes is more beautiful than herself. Fangfang has been dissatisfied with her appearance since then and started all kinds of strange behaviors.

　　"She is very demanding about her appearance and will constantly exaggerate her shortcomings. It is likely that there is a problem at the psychological level." After rejecting Fangfang’s plastic surgery idea, Liu Jun also made suggestions to the girl’s mother — — Pay attention to children’s psychological state.

　　A boy who visits the plastic surgery department once every three months

　　In the plastic surgery department where Liu Jun is located, Kobayashi, a boy under the age of 20, is also a frequent visitor. "Almost every quarter, he will come once, and the needs are different every time. In addition to me, many doctors also took care of him. "

　　Kobayashi is well-behaved, but he has been particularly concerned about his appearance since high school, and he can constantly find new defects. When he was still in high school, Kobayashi had a mandibular osteotomy in another hospital.

　　"Because of grinding, he has produced new dissatisfaction. Come to me for consultation six months after the operation. " Liu Jun said, "The boy’s mother also took great pains to greet me in advance alone, hoping that I would persuade her son."

　　Liu Jun successfully persuaded Xiaolin to go home, but half a year later, Xiaolin’s mother found the door again. "My son has been good for a while, but now he is entangled again."

　　Although Liu Jun repeatedly persuaded him not to have plastic surgery, Kobayashi always insisted on changing it, but he couldn’t tell the purpose and reason. "Because he paid too much attention to his appearance, he couldn’t concentrate on his studies. He only read until he graduated from high school." Liu Jun guessed that he might be psychologically hit by reasons such as lovelorn love. The best solution is not to find a plastic surgeon like Liu Jun..

　　"Go to the mental health department." In the face of young medical beauticians, Liu Jun often makes such suggestions.

　　Continue to write your own aesthetic mother on your children’s faces.

　　For cosmetic surgery, sometimes the young "post-00" will disagree with their families. "Some children really want to do it, and parents feel that it is unnecessary; There are also some children who have not yet formed aesthetics, but parents impose their own ideas on their children. "

　　"The child is still young, why do you want to cut her double eyelids?" Engaged in medical beauty for 28 years, Zhang Jufang, director of the medical beauty department of Hangzhou First People’s Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University, met such a small patient for the first time — — Xiao Min, a 13-year-old junior high school girl.

　　"I think her eyes are not good-looking, and girls should have a pair of beautiful big eyes." Xiao Min’s mother said.

　　Zhang Jufang looked at Mandy sitting next to her. She listened to the conversation between adults with a puzzled expression on her face. Xiaomin knows nothing about plastic surgery. She only knows, "Mom asked me to do it, and I will do it."

　　After hearing Xiaomin’s answer, Zhang Jufang refused the operation. "The child didn’t ask for it herself. This operation is meaningless to her. Parents can’t make decisions for their children with their own aesthetics. " She told Xiaomin’s mother that she should decide whether to make facial adjustment after Xiaomin became an adult and formed her own aesthetic view.

　　Liu Jun also met a similar mother and daughter.

　　"As soon as I entered the door, the girl’s mother eagerly told me that her daughter’s eyes were ugly and her nose was ugly … … It doesn’t look good anywhere. "

　　Liu Jun remembers that it was an ordinary-looking high school girl who did have some defects, but the girl herself didn’t care about her appearance. "This mother’s mentality is a bit abnormal and she insists on plastic surgery for her children."

　　Plastic surgeons suggest:

　　Minors should not choose medical beauty.

　　Children’s psychology needs more attention.

　　"One of the most important tasks of plastic surgery clinics is to screen people and understand their plastic surgery purposes clearly." Liu Jun said with emotion, "Some children, we look normal, but they may be distorted in his eyes. In fact, this is a mental disorder and a kind of psychological paranoia. Plastic surgery can’t cure their mental illness. "

　　For young medical beauticians, double eyelid cutting and rhinoplasty are the most popular cosmetic items. According to the data released by a medical beauty service platform, "post-00" has quickly taken over from "post-90" and become a big consumer of medical beauty in double eyelid surgery.

　　Zhang Jufang also disagreed with the "66 Double Eyelid Festival" launched for the medical beauty service platform. "This is a marketing tool that sells double eyelids as products." Zhang Jufang said that double eyelids are an operation, not an assembly line product, and cannot be mass-produced. "It is not advisable to set a double eyelid festival, carry out large-scale promotion and encourage everyone to do double eyelids."

　　"Choosing medical beauty for younger people, from a clinical point of view, we are mainly based on two considerations." Zhang Jufang said, "Some children have congenital defects, such as cleft lip and palate. Performing cosmetic surgery for children can help him build confidence from an early age; Others are to make up for children’s psychological trauma and eliminate inferiority complex. For example, some girls have black hair moles on their faces and are teased by classmates. "

　　For young medical beauty practitioners, Liu Jun suggested, "We should wait until adulthood and establish a mature aesthetic view before considering this matter."

　　Zhang Jufang also believes that "minors should not choose medical beauty, and parents can’t ask their children for plastic surgery for their own needs. College students need to establish correct values and aesthetics, and they can pursue beauty, but not blindly. If you really want plastic surgery, you should also go to a regular hospital or medical beauty institution to communicate directly with doctors and listen to professional advice. "

　　(Except for Zhang Jufang, the characters in the text are all pseudonyms.)

　　　　　　　　 Qianjiang evening news reporter Rong Zhang Chen Xi

() The business review of the Board of Directors in 2021 is as follows:

　　I. The industry in which the company is located during the reporting period.

　　The company shall comply with the disclosure requirements of "Software and Information Technology Service Industry" in the Guidelines for Self-regulation of Listed Companies of Shenzhen Stock Exchange No.3-Disclosure of Industry Information.

　　1. China will accelerate the development of digitalization and create new advantages of digital economy.

　　From a macro perspective, the Outline of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan and the Long-term Goals in 2035 proposes to meet the digital age, activate the potential of data elements, promote the construction of a network power, accelerate the construction of a digital economy, a digital society and a digital government, and drive the changes in production methods, lifestyles and governance methods with digital transformation as a whole. Promote digital industrialization and industrial digitalization, promote the deep integration of digital economy and real economy, and build a digital industrial cluster with international competitiveness. Under the wave of digital economy, as the main body of the digital economy era, the digital transformation of enterprises is the only way. At the specific enterprise level, enterprises should accelerate the breakthrough of 5G, big data analysis, artificial intelligence and other technologies around practical application scenarios, build a safe and controllable digital transformation technology system, and make changes in digital talent training and government policy support. Premier Li Keqiang gave clear instructions in the Report on the Work of the State Council Government in 2021 to "accelerate the development of digitalization, promote the digital industrialization and industrial digital transformation, and improve the level of digital government construction". The company will seize the opportunity and use its own advantages to help customers in various industries digitally transform.

　　2. Industrial Internet

　　Industrial Internet has become the competitive focus of a new round of global technology and industrial revolution. The State Council, the CPC Central Committee, attaches great importance to the integration and development of next-generation information technologies such as Internet, big data and artificial intelligence with the real economy. In January 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Action Plan for Innovation and Development of Industrial Internet (2021-2023), which laid out the key work contents of industrial Internet in the next three years, representing that China’s industrial Internet industry has entered a new stage at a new height and started a new journey. According to GE’s forecast, the industrial Internet will affect 46% (about 32.3 trillion US dollars) of the global economy, and by 2030, the industrial Internet will bring about 15.3 trillion US dollars of GDP growth in the world, and at least about 3 trillion US dollars of GDP growth in China. According to the concept of 1% industry value-added put forward by Academician Wu Hequan, the leader of the State Council Internet of Things Leading Group, it is estimated that the early industrial Internet market space can bring 1% value-added to this industry, which means opening trillion market space. 5G is the starting point of the transformation from consumer Internet to industrial Internet, and industrial Internet is the most anticipated application field of 5G. 5G drives the development of industrial Internet, which accelerates the deployment of 5G commercial scale, and the integration of 5G and industrial Internet has a significant multiplier effect. Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, once pointed out that 5G applications will be distributed in a "two-eighth law", and 80% will be used in the industrial Internet. The enthusiasm of China’s industry to promote the integration and innovation of 5G and industrial Internet is constantly improving, "5G+ industrial Internet"Intranet construction and transformation covers a wide range of industries, and its application scope continues to extend to the core links of manufacturing, and the superposition multiplication effect and huge application potential are constantly released.

　　3. Big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence

　　Focusing on the development of digital economy, the Outline of the Tenth Five-Year Plan and Long-term Goals in 2035 further defines the development of seven key industries, such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things and industrial Internet. In 2025, the added value of core industries of digital economy will account for 10% of GDP. The word "big data" appeared 14 times in the draft of the planning, while the word "data" appeared more than 60 times. The new generation of information technology driven by big data is changing from "cutting-edge technology" to "important application", and its value is becoming more and more obvious. The provision form of big data technology has evolved from "product-oriented" to "service-oriented" five years ago. Solutions that provide a variety of underlying technologies and provide convenient services in all aspects of development and operation are increasingly becoming the mainstream choice for the big data supply side. As the main resource carried on the information infrastructure, data is the "blood" of the new infrastructure. Network, Internet of Things and data center are important infrastructures for the development of big data, and the development and construction of supercomputing center, industrial Internet and vehicle networking are also inseparable from the analysis and processing of data. The white paper on cloud computing development of China Information and Communication Research Institute shows that the scale of China’s cloud computing market will be about 178.1 billion yuan in 2020, and it will maintain rapid growth in the next few years. By 2025, the market scale will exceed 700 billion yuan. In the digital transformation of industry, digital infrastructure is the production tool and data is the means of production. Taking cloud computing as the core and integrating artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies can realize the transformation and upgrading of enterprise information technology software and hardware.Innovate application development and deployment tools, accelerate data circulation, collection, processing and value mining, and effectively improve application productivity.

　　4, the innovation industry accelerated.

　　Innovation is information technology application innovation (), which is the foundation of data security and network security, and also an important part of new infrastructure. For a long time, China’s dependence on non-domestic IT products is high, and the discourse power of the underlying architecture standards and the upper ecological construction is weak, which leads to a relatively passive situation. Xinchuang is a long-term solution for independent innovation, development and upgrading of China’s IT industry. On January 12, 2022, the "14 th Five-Year Plan" for Digital Economy Development was released. Among them, independent technology, infrastructure, industrial digitalization and digital industrialization, data security and governance are the core contents. The "Planning" points out that it is necessary to aim at important technical fields such as industrial software, high-end chips and operating systems, give play to the advantages of the new national system and the ultra-large-scale market, and fill in the shortcomings of key technologies. According to the data of "China Xinchuang Ecology in 2021" published by Haibi Research Institute, the actual scale of China Xinchuang ecological market is 161.7 billion yuan in 2020, and it is predicted that it will maintain rapid growth in the next five years, with a compound annual growth rate of 37.4%, and it will reach 800 billion yuan in 2025. With the successful demonstration in the field of party and government, Xinchuang industry has accelerated to eight key industries such as finance, telecommunications, energy, electric power, medical care, education, transportation and public utilities. Dongfang Guoxin has always insisted on independent research and development and innovation. At present, it has formed an independent and controllable technology and products in the whole industry chain, and will actively participate in the national innovation industry in the future.

　　5. "East Counting and West Counting" has been upgraded to the national strategic level.

　　As the base of digital economy, computing power is highly valued by the country. As an important starting point for new infrastructure to affect China’s macroeconomic development, and a major project to realize the "digital network" system in the national integrated big data center collaborative innovation system, big data centers will create a new engine for the development of digital economy. It shows that the country attaches great importance to digital construction. The strategic positioning of "counting from the east to the west" can be used to benchmark national projects such as "South-to-North Water Transfer Project" and "West-to-East Power Transmission Project", and the annual investment volume will reach several hundred billion yuan. The data center has a long industrial chain, large investment scale and strong driving effect. Through the construction of computing hub and data center cluster, the upstream and downstream investment of the industry will be strongly promoted, and the pulling effect on related industries will reach 1: 8. According to the deputy director of the Innovation-Driven Development Center of the National Development and Reform Commission, "East Counting and West Counting" can drive social investment to exceed 400 billion yuan every year, which is significantly higher than the new infrastructure policy in 2019 and 2020.

　　

　　II. Main businesses of the Company during the reporting period

　　(I) Introduction of the company’s main business

　　The company’s main business is to provide customers with enterprise-level big data, cloud computing, industrial Internet and other platforms, products, services and overall industry solutions. In terms of technical products, based on cutting-edge technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, industrial Internet, 5G and machine learning, it provides related technical products including data collection, data storage and calculation, data analysis and mining, data application, data governance and control, cloud basic services and application development platforms; In terms of industry solutions, based on the company’s many years of business experience, we provide solutions and technical services to customers in communication, finance, industry, government and public safety industries, helping customers to form high-quality data assets, explore the deep-seated value of data, and improve the utilization rate of IT resources and service capabilities, so as to obtain higher production efficiency and operational benefits and help enterprises to digitally transform.

　　(1) product line of database and big data open source system

　　Dongfang Guoxin has developed big data technology products with completely independent intellectual property rights, which are safe and controllable, covering CirroData high-performance distributed database, enterprise-level big data platform BEH, B-SCOP service capability open platform, real-time computing decision engine product B-RCDE, real-time transaction data acquisition product B-RTDA, B-Spider data collector and other products. These products have been widely and successfully applied in many industries.

　　(2) Industrial Internet product line

　　Cloudiip, the industrial Internet platform of Dongfang Guoxin, is completely independently developed and built by Dongfang Guoxin. While providing in-depth services to industries such as ironmaking, heating, electric power, energy, rail transit, automobile and machinery manufacturing, it also optimizes equipment management, R&D design, operation management, production execution, product life cycle management and supply chain collaboration for industrial fields such as asset management and energy management, and important equipment such as air compressors and industrial boilers, forming a platform covering R&D, production, management and service fields.

　　(3) Public cloud product line

　　Oriental Guoxin Cloud BONCLOUD is a cloud service platform based on the company’s advanced cloud computing technology and rich software products for many years, combined with high-quality data center resources, and on the basis of in-depth understanding of the business needs of the government, operators, the Internet and traditional enterprises in different scenarios. The platform provides safe and stable cloud computing resources such as flexible computing, storage, network and CDN.

　　(4) Data science and artificial intelligence product line

　　Facing the market demand, Dongfang Guoxin integrates products and technologies such as BI construction, interactive exploration, SPSS, artificial intelligence and deep learning, and develops 2B and 2C products based on the cloud platform architecture.

　　1 Turing Turbo Engine: This is a one-stop artificial intelligence platform and a complete enterprise-level AI solution for data scientists, data engineers and business analysts. The product is rich in SPSS native high-quality algorithms, integrating data connection, data exploration, feature engineering, algorithm implementation, model development, model release and management, providing a collaborative project space for teams and individuals, greatly improving work efficiency and helping enterprises to quickly realize the integration of AI and business.

　　② Turing Topia of Turing Federation: Turing Federation (turingtopia.com) is a data science community platform built by Dongfang Guoxin, which integrates competitions, data sets and models, and brings together various resources, tools, data and data engineers. In addition to the competition community, the company’s products include Turing Training, Turing Crowdsourcing, Turing Lab and Turing Cloud.

　　(5) Data tools and data application product lines

　　① Data governance platform BDG: Help customers to establish enterprise-level data centers, carry out big data governance from top to bottom, integrate enterprise data by using the basic capabilities provided by the data governance platform, realize unified control and refined management of data, and ensure the quality of data assets. Support () application, promote enterprise big data analysis, tap the potential value of data, and provide strong support for enterprise strategic decision-making, business system, risk management and control, etc.

　　② Data Cloud: Data Cloud can help enterprises to get rid of the dilemma of high overhead and low output of traditional system architecture in big data environment. By building an integrated platform for data production and service, the data supply system is reconstructed, and business innovation is driven by data to achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

　　③ Marketing Cloud: The marketing cloud is positioned to build a one-stop intelligent marketing management cloud platform that integrates omni-channel resources and is digitally driven, and realize the closed-loop process of intelligent marketing from customer insight, activity planning, marketing strategy matching, activity execution and effect evaluation. Help enterprises recommend the right products to target users in the right channels and at the right time, realize the data-driven target marketing model, and make marketing efficient, intelligent, simple and accurate.

　　④ Excellent Cloud: Integrating multi-domain data and relying on big data applications to provide managers with accurate and real-time human resources allocation and management around the strategic transformation of enterprises and the promotion of human resources value; Provide comprehensive, timely and personalized services for employees; It provides decision-making basis and means for the work of "breeding and keeping".

　　⑤ Data visualization products: Data visualization products cover typical big data display scenarios such as reports, ad hoc queries, online analytical processing, self-service analysis page building, and analysis application sharing, which help enterprise users to improve their data acquisition ability, decision support ability, personalized self-help ability and sharing and collaboration ability under the big data environment.

　　(6) geographic information system and video management product line

　　① City Intelligent Operation Center (IOC): Based on the core technology and platform of Dongfang Guoxin Big Data, the product supports the unified convergence and access of heterogeneous data such as city video, geographic information, three-dimensional data, Internet of Things, structured and unstructured government affairs, and "aggregates, analyzes, controls, applies and displays" the accessed six types of city data through the big data support platform, so as to realize the mining of the value of city data and the more refined management and display of the city.

　　② Urban intelligent video big data platform: adopting video image recognition engine and other technical frameworks to realize access integration, management analysis, mining, judgment and application display of urban video data. It can be applied to video surveillance, portrait recognition, vehicle recognition, event analysis, operation inspection and other systems.

　　After more than 20 years of deep cultivation in the fields of communication, finance, industry, government and public safety, Dongfang Guoxin has accumulated a large number of complete industry solutions covering data, products, platform applications and services.

　　(1) Communication field: The industrial products provided by the company in the main business fields of enterprise operation management, marketing, business decision-making and customer service for operators are business analysis system, precision marketing system, retention system, channel collaboration system, customer perception system, bad information governance analysis system, business support center system, intelligent human intelligence audit system, intelligent anti-fraud and other solutions, which have been widely used in the headquarters of the three major operators and provincial branches.

　　(2) Financial field: At present, the company has formed mobile Internet financial platform, financial big data platform, financial real-time decision-making platform, financial data governance platform, financial cloud computing platform, financial BI application platform, financial Internet core system, financial intelligent marketing platform, financial intelligent risk control platform, Ares technology development platform and other products and solutions in the financial industry, and successfully served nearly 300 banks and financial institutions.

　　(3) Industrial field: The key products provided by the company for the industrial field include:

　　① Industrial Internet Platform (Cloud IIP): As a cross-industry and cross-domain comprehensive industrial Internet platform, Cloud IIP’s core technologies and products are completely independently developed, safe and controllable, providing industrial users with an integrated solution of design, simulation, production, management and service in the whole life cycle.

　　② Energy management platform: The energy management platform uses technologies such as Internet of Things, communication and big data analysis to collect data of meters such as water, electricity and gas at the production site, data of sensors and intelligent gateways, and data of automatic control systems, so as to build a unified energy management and control center, realize energy data collection, analysis and feedback guidance, and help enterprises to save energy, reduce emissions and reduce consumption.

　　③ Ironmaking intelligent interconnection platform: It aims to realize the functions of monitoring, physical examination, benchmarking and online learning, consultation and analysis of blast furnaces in ironmaking enterprises. ④ Equipment Asset Management Platform (EAM): Build an asset life cycle management system based on big data analysis, smooth the relationship between investment, construction, use and scrapping in the process of asset management, establish and improve the supervision and management mechanism of assets, and realize "the accounts are consistent with the facts, the accounts are consistent with the certificates, and the accounts are consistent with the tables".

　　(5) and air compressor management platform, safety production management platform, etc.

　　(4) Government and public security field: The corporate government field mainly provides smart city overall solutions for the whole city, and also provides professional field solutions for all commissions and bureaus.

　　① Smart public security big data platform: with the public security brain as the core, actual combat as the guidance, and intelligence injection as the service model, it realizes keen perception and accurate early warning of various potential risks. Create a multi-functional integrated, multi-police linkage, multi-means convergence of synthetic operational command platform, and provide strong technical support for public security organs to investigate and solve cases, combat and prevent crimes.

　　② Smart Tourism Big Data Platform: By building a tourism big data support platform, three business platforms and n application systems, the balanced development of "smart tourism public service, smart tourism industry supervision and smart tourism format operation" can be realized.

　　③ Smart Transportation Big Data Platform: It is the application of big data, cloud computing and other information technologies in the field of transportation, building an all-weather smart city transportation operation monitoring network and security system, strengthening the intelligent real-time monitoring and emergency command ability covering the whole area of urban roads without blind spots, and improving the emergency handling ability and rapid response ability of urban transportation safety accidents and emergencies.

　　④ Related applications in the field of smart cities: In the field of smart cities, Dongfang Guoxin took the lead in proposing the concept of Urban Intelligent Operation Center (IOC). Dongfang Guoxin Urban Intelligent Operation Center is an integrated and comprehensive product that comprehensively uses modern information technologies such as cloud computing, big data and Internet of Things under the framework of smart cities, and realizes the upgrading and transformation of urban governance system based on urban big data, which can realize digital, networked and intelligent control of urban operation status. Realize accurate management, governance, service and dispatch of cities, evaluate the effect of urban construction, urban management efficiency and urban governance in real time and scientifically, and provide efficient and convenient personalized information services for enterprises and the public while improving government efficiency.

　　⑤ And the government application products of internet plus government affairs and social security big data platform.

　　

　　Third, the core competitiveness analysis

　　The company is a technology-driven big data high-tech enterprise, with a total R&D expenditure of 560 million yuan this year. Through continuous R&D investment, the company’s software product competitiveness and technical service capabilities for multiple industries have been further enhanced. Through a series of core technology research and development, Dongfang Guoxin has become a rare high-tech enterprise in the industry to build a strong technological competitive advantage by independent research and development. During the reporting period, the company’s core technicians and core technologies have not changed significantly, and the scale of core technicians has expanded, mainly due to the introduction of high-end technical talents in the fields of big data technology, big data industry applications, cloud computing, industrial Internet, artificial intelligence and 5G, which further enhanced the company’s technology research and development strength and innovation ability.

　　1. A complete and self-controlled industry-leading new generation IT technology system.

　　Dongfang Guoxin has been focusing on big data business for 20 years. After 20 years of independent research and development, it has now formed five completely autonomous and controllable technical systems with data computing technology as the core. The company’s products have successfully replaced IOE products in many fields and have the strength to replace foreign software manufacturers.

　　(1) Big data technology system: In the field of big data systems and tools technology, the company has the ability to provide data platform construction and operation and maintenance services for customers with a large amount of data. The big data systems, databases, tools and application software stacks involved are all developed by the company; It has the technical accumulation of multi-modal data collection, storage, calculation and service, and can provide various computing engine services for different application scenarios to meet the computing needs of different types and different aging data; It has enterprise-level data quality, data assets and data security management capabilities, and can realize multi-center data operation management across domains and computer rooms.

　　In the field of big data application technology, it provides O2O () integrated, automated and intelligent big data application system construction services for business-oriented enterprises. It can quickly realize the communication of business and data between the middle station and the background system; Standardize online business process formulation through software definition; Help enterprises get through multi-channel product sales and service contacts through data-driven concepts and technologies; Have the ability to develop online systems such as e-commerce platform and mobile APP application; Have the ability of location service, docking with third-party payment, QR code, etc. Have the ability to operate large-scale information mobile APP applications for end users.

　　(2) Artificial intelligence technology system: for telecom operators, finance, insurance, industry, scientific research institutions and other corporate customers, it provides a one-stop collaborative multi-tenant cloud platform for algorithm engineer, data development engineers and business personnel of data science and artificial intelligence, aiming at the problems of high difficulty, high cost and low efficiency, as well as the problems that models cannot be traced back, data cannot be connected, capabilities cannot be called on demand, and computing power cannot be managed in a unified way, so as to open up communication and collaboration among different types of work. Realize the low threshold and high quality development of deep learning model through automatic learning technology combined with low code mode; Improve the training efficiency of large-scale deep learning model by using key technologies of high performance communication protocol; Through the deep learning model compilation and clipping technology, the automatic adaptation of cloud-side heterogeneous computing power is realized, and the automatic collaboration between cloud intelligence and edge intelligence is opened up. It has the ability of video, image, text and voice artificial intelligence algorithm analysis and application system development and construction, and can be integrated with enterprise-level big data application system and use artificial intelligence to empower applications.

　　(3) Cloud computing technology system: provide public cloud, private cloud and hybrid cloud platform construction and operation and maintenance services for government departments and industry customers with big data management needs, and solve the cloud problems of application systems and big data. The company has the ability to build industry public cloud, enterprise private cloud and hybrid cloud; Relying on the self-built cloud computing data center, the standardized public cloud service products of IaaS, PaaS and SaaS are provided in an all-round way, and the network resources are connected to the national Internet backbone direct connection point in one jump, so as to gather and dredge the regional and even national inter-network communication traffic, which can provide high-quality network services for public cloud customers. It supports Bare Metal Server (BMS), provides a dedicated GPU physical server on the cloud, and supports an ARM-structured CPU server, providing abundant computing performance for key application systems, high-performance computing, AI and big data services. Help enterprises realize the rapid migration of application cloud; It is the first in China to realize the cloud heterogeneous data storage computing capability; It is the first in China to realize the ability to build cloud applications based on multi-tenants.

　　Use cloud native technology to enhance the company’s existing big data, artificial intelligence, industrial Internet and 5G communication software, and realize SaaS transformation of data-driven tools and applications on Oriental Guoxin Cloud; Incorporate DevOps concept and process management mode, provide a unified application assembly platform for developers, operators and operators, and simplify and automate application release, delivery and operation and maintenance management. Use the cloud link platform to monitor and analyze the health status of the above-mentioned platform software and applications, analyze and predict problems in a link way and give effective solutions.

　　(4) Industrial Internet technology system: Based on the innovative model of "Big Data+Industry", it integrates cutting-edge technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of Things, big data, mobile internet and artificial intelligence. The platform integrates the collection, access, calculation, storage, service, development and application of industrial data, closely focuses on the concept of creating value for customers, takes data as the basis, takes equipment control and process optimization as the core, and realizes mature solutions covering ironmaking, cement, electric power, energy, manufacturing and other industries, and also covers material formula optimization, production process management, equipment fault diagnosis, process optimization, product quality control and service.

　　(5)5G technology: Facing the strategic development needs of 5G+ industrial Internet, Dongfang Guoxin independently developed 5G small base stations, 5G core networks, 5G edge devices (intelligent gateways and robots) and MEC edge computing platforms. Provide industry customers with 5G private networks through 5G small base stations and 5G core networks, use 5G edge devices to collect sensor data and video data, and sink resources, calculations and applications to the edge of enterprises through MEC edge computing platform. Through the 5G network, 5G edge devices, MEC edge computing platform, combined with Guoxin’s industrial Internet platform Cloudiip, we can realize the collaborative integration of cloud edge networks and provide the overall solution of 5G+ industrial Internet based on the 5G industry private network.

　　2. Cross-industry mass data integration governance, processing and service capabilities

　　As an independent third-party data processing and processing professional company, Dongfang Guoxin Construction System processes 3 trillion pieces of data per day on average, helping customers to query 70 trillion pieces of data, and the maximum size of the big data platform nodes built exceeds 30,000, with real-time response time reaching millisecond level. Using the company’s self-developed data governance and service professional tool suite, as well as many years of modeling theory and experience of large-scale data warehouses, relying on the company’s CirroData cloud database system and big data technology system, we will build a "data cloud" platform product. Thus, a complete cross-industry and cross-domain big data comprehensive management capability, massive data processing capability and reliable processing efficiency have been formed, and PB-level data can also be handled with ease, realizing the realization path from big data technology to data value.

　　3. Empower the application ability of traditional industries with new technologies and new ideas.

　　(1) Closely integrate artificial intelligence with telecom operators, smart cities, finance and other business applications. Use machine learning algorithm to deeply analyze operational data, find business problems in time and adjust business strategies; The deep learning algorithm is used to strengthen the analysis of unstructured data by telecom operators, which greatly reduces the labor cost and improves the efficiency of telecom operators in IT, management, market, network and security. Combining artificial intelligence algorithms with urban scenes, urban life is safer and more convenient through video monitoring and identification technology.

　　(2) Deeply integrate the modeling ability of big data analysis and mining with various industries.

　　(3) Introduce the concept and technology of Low-code development into the field of industrial Internet.

　　(4) The problem of artificial intelligence scene fragmentation is solved by online and offline dual-platform mechanism. Dongfang Guoxin launched "Turing Federation" and "Turing Engine" in due course to realize artificial intelligence landing.

　　4. A variety of end-to-end solutions for big data in industries and fields.

　　The company continued to deepen on the basis of the communication big data platform, and launched a solution for the strategic planning of data center and AI center based on the two products of "Data Cloud" and "Turing Engine"; Digging deep into the value of data, and using artificial intelligence technology to empower customers’ business, a series of AI+ business solutions, such as AI+ business decision-making, precision marketing, customer service, and online transportation, have been formed to help operators continue to innovate and manage their traditional businesses, and improve the level of service refinement; In the financial and insurance fields, marketing cloud, customer insight, precision marketing, customer portrait and other systems have blossomed in an all-round way, successfully expanding a number of important customers, helping customers achieve digital transformation, achieving a double breakthrough in depth and breadth, and achieving a good reputation; In the field of civil aviation, using the company’s accumulated big data technology capabilities for many years, it successfully landed on the airport intelligent data platform and the civil aviation government information system to achieve breakthroughs in the civil aviation field; In the port field, dangerous goods management systems and port big data platforms have landed in many important ports in the country to help customers improve the level of big data and intelligence; In the field of smart cities, we continue to promote the implementation of IOC solutions, covering more than 20 key provinces, cities and regions across the country, and successfully built benchmark projects in North, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen; In the direction of digital government, it has obtained Huawei’s "Certified Service Solution Partner Preferred Level" (Preferred Level CSSP) and "Huawei Preferred Solution Partner" certification; A major breakthrough has been made in the field of public security, based on Dongfang Guoxin’s big data products and technical system.In terms of public security structured data processing and data application system, video big data and intelligent AI application system, operational command, public security management and "internet plus" policing, it has fully served the public security field "fighting, preventing, managing, controlling and serving", laying a solid foundation for Dongfang Guoxin to enter the public security field; Dongfang Guoxin Cloudiip Industrial Internet Platform has been selected as one of the top ten cross-industry and cross-domain industrial Internet platforms in China, and has built several regional industrial Internet platforms. In metallurgy, electric power, energy, ironmaking, automobile manufacturing, general equipment and other professional fields successfully landed.

　　5. Experience and ability accumulated in serving major customers in the industry all the year round.

　　Dongfang Guoxin has been deeply involved in the field of enterprise and government informatization for more than 20 years, and has a profound understanding and rich experience in the business forms, business needs and working modes of enterprises and government customers in various industries. The company takes the lead in realizing the strategic layout of big data+industry in the industry. Its business layout covers communication, finance, government, industry, agriculture, public safety and other fields, covering more than 50 countries and serving nearly 1,000 customers. The company serves more than 300 banks, and the share of mobile banking ranks first in China. In telecom, finance, government and other fields, customers have complex business, huge amount of data, numerous IT systems, and the trial and error cost of customer’s big data construction is very high, so the requirements for big data vendors are extremely strict. After more than 20 years of tempering of various large-scale information projects, Dongfang Guoxin has established a perfect three-level customer service system, which ensures the stable operation of customers’ projects in terms of personnel organization, project process control, technical support, standardization of codes and documents, and has set up a variety of service response methods, which can provide customers with remote technical support services, on-site technical support services, full-time technical teams, consulting services and other technical support services. Ensure efficient and high-quality delivery of customer projects. With the leading technology and solutions, the company has played an important role in the business development of customers, won the trust and recognition of customers, and established a long-term strategic cooperative relationship with customers.

　　6, the new intangible assets

　　By the end of the reporting period, the company (including subsidiaries) has obtained 990 software copyrights and 57 patents. During the reporting period, the company added 189 software copyrights and 12 patents.

　　7. By December 31st, 2021, the company had obtained the following important national and industrial qualifications:

　　(1) Oriental Guoxin

　　(2) Shanghai Yitong:

　　(3) yanhuang nova:

　　(4) Beike Yili:

　　(5) Xiamen Tupou:

　　(6) Block nodes:

　　(7) Dongyun Ruilian:

　　

　　Fourth, the main business analysis

　　1. Overview

　　During the reporting period, the company was determined to forge ahead, making steady progress in the traditional market and gaining good news in the new market under the environment of repeated epidemics, showing a strong development momentum. At present, the process of social digitalization is accelerating, and the company has further promoted the application of new technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, industrial Internet and 5G in the industry, and firmly helped customers to digitally transform. In 2021, the company achieved a total operating income of 2.47 billion yuan, an increase of 18.25% over the same period of last year; Realized an operating profit of 288 million yuan, a decrease of 9.73% over the same period of last year; The total profit was 293 million yuan, a decrease of 12.24% compared with the same period of last year; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 302 million yuan, an increase of 0.04% over the same period of last year; The net operating cash flow was 117 million yuan, a decrease of 73.05% compared with the same period of last year.

　　(A) innovation-driven development, brand influence and core competitiveness to further enhance.

　　1. Communication field

　　In China Unicom, the company closely followed Unicom’s comprehensive digital transformation strategy, helping to build the data center, public center and Tiangong system of China Unicom. Following closely the development direction of China Unicom’s business, based on the data center capability, the company fully participated in the IT support construction of Unicom Group’s major reforms such as data access to the cloud, small-scale reform, total customer value marketing, smart customer service and O-domain data base, helping China Unicom consolidate its data center capability, giving full play to the application value of big data, and helping enterprises to reform and develop. Successfully built Unicom Group’s 31-province data uploading project, total customer value marketing platform and O-domain data base.

　　China Unicom’s micro-Wotong project, developed by Beijing Yanhuang Xinxing, a subsidiary, faces the 1.2 billion flow pool of WeChat system and absorbs 100 million powder. Precipitate customer assets for operation, run through the whole process of various businesses, and enhance customer perception. At the same time, we will integrate the capabilities of all platforms of Latong Unicom, connect online and offline consistent experiences, and enhance the OMO system of public channels. Yanhuang Xinxing, as a new manufacturer of the Institute of Soft Research, won the honorary title of "Best Partner in 2021".

　　In (), focusing on the planning and requirements of China Telecom’s digital platform and digital operation, facing the actual management, marketing and service needs of the front line of business, the company continued to help and promote the digital transformation of China Telecom with the strategy of "platform+operation+service". In terms of digital application, the digitalization of marketing services has made substantial progress in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui and other provinces, further empowering data production; The integrated digital grid has gradually landed in Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi and other provinces, truly empowering the front line and empowering the digital management and operation of the whole enterprise; Other intelligent manpower, auditing, finance, risk control and other aspects based on M domain are also continuing to be intensively cultivated; Relevant technologies, scenarios and applications have begun to precipitate in O-domain-oriented data acquisition and analysis processing, empowerment management and marketing, and empowerment customer experience, laying the foundation for the next comprehensive empowerment. In terms of data operation, the terminal rights operation at the telecom group level was fully supported by Dongfang Guoxin, forming the company’s own data operation capability, and Liaoning Telecom also successfully signed the first cooperative operation order of the province.

　　In (), under the background of China Mobile’s digital transformation and domestic substitution, the company followed the strategic planning of China Mobile’s big data domain, accelerated the layout of the headquarters-level centralized big data platform and the project construction in related fields, and further stabilized the position of China Mobile as a core supplier in the field of big data construction. The company continues to build big data+and AI+ ecological projects, extending the data center capability to business applications, and accelerating the transformation process of traditional business applications. Relying on the base and capabilities of the data center, we have built professional warehouses for traditional business applications, especially in the fields of customer service, risk prevention and control, and internal audit. At the same time, combined with the empowerment of AI+ business scenario mode, we have achieved breakthrough results in related businesses and quickly formed scale advantages. With the acceleration of domestic substitution process, products such as BEH, stream development and processing engine, data collection and analysis platform and data development and governance platform developed by Dongfang Guoxin were successfully listed in China Mobile’s IT direct acquisition catalogue, while CirroData database, a self-developed core product, was listed in China Mobile’s information innovation product catalogue. The company will realize the dual-track development of customized service and product service in China mobile market, and continuously enhance the position of Dongfang Guoxin in China mobile market through the dual-track drive of business and product scale.

　　2. Financial field

　　During the reporting period, the company has formed core products and solutions such as financial big data system, big data application system, financial cloud computing system, financial artificial intelligence system, mobile internet system and internet financial system in the financial industry, and successfully served nearly 300 banks and other financial institutions. The company has successfully cooperated with many banks and financial institutions in distributed database, data lake, data middle platform, business middle platform, Internet middle platform, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, mobile internet, and innovation ecology, showing the company’s business expansion ability and overall strategic layout in the financial field.

　　At present, China’s domestic database market is very active. CirroData, a distributed cloud database independently developed by the company, has solidly promoted technology research and innovation, iteratively optimized product solutions, and actively built the industrial ecology of Xinchuang, and has made remarkable achievements in the financial industry, industry migration and application, and ecosystem construction. At present, it has cooperated with a number of policy banks, national joint-stock commercial banks, city commercial banks and other financial customers. During the reporting period, the number of new CirroData deployment nodes doubled. At the same time, the company is committed to the market expansion of the securities industry, and has achieved good cooperation with financial institutions such as enterprises under the China Securities Regulatory Commission and CSI in the field of distributed databases and big data.

　　In the field of financial big data, in addition to distributed databases, the company has also continuously cultivated core products and solutions such as big data platform, big data warehouse, data lake, lake warehouse integration and data center platform. In 2021, the company and domestic head city commercial banks have achieved innovative cooperation in the field of data lake and lake warehouse integration, setting an industry benchmark; In the field of big data applications, based on the core product marketing cloud and sales cloud, the company has successively built marketing business middle platforms for a number of head commercial banks, which serve as the "new engine" for financial institutions’ profit growth, enabling digital marketing and intelligent operation. At the same time, the company has successively launched marketing cloud and sold cloud products for credit card centers of two national joint-stock commercial banks, and vigorously developed the credit card market. It is expected that in 2022, it will be able to achieve strategic cooperation with more credit card centers of commercial banks; In the field of mobile internet, the company continued to maintain its market advantage, and the cumulative number of cases ranked first in the country. During the reporting period, it achieved in-depth cooperation with the largest trust company in China on customer apps and mobile development platforms, creating a benchmark project for the subsequent expansion of the trust market; In the field of Internet finance, the company has achieved strategic cooperation with a large city commercial bank, completed the reconstruction of its original online banking system and built the Internet middle platform capability, creating an application platform integrating intelligent operation and customer ecology, which not only brings new user experience to end users, but also is an important layout for bank customers on the road of digital transformation; In the fields of cloud computing and artificial intelligence, the company continues to be committed to combining core products with financial scenarios.In the financial leasing industry, the application case of "Oriental Guoxin Public Cloud" was launched for the first time, and the artificial intelligence product Turing Engine was also used in many financial institutions. I believe that in the future, we will provide the best services for more financial institutions in the fields of cloud computing and artificial intelligence.

　　During the reporting period, the sales revenue of Shanghai Yitong Information, a subsidiary, was about 468 million, a year-on-year increase of 22.2%. The net profit was about 57,393,000, a year-on-year increase of 3.0%. Yitong Information continues to maintain technological and business innovation, and based on the traditional mobile marketing and mobile exhibition industry, it builds a unified App portal for all employees of the Bank, helping the bank to carry out digital operation transformation, and landing business and applications with projects such as Bohai Bank’s "Pocket Bohai" and Beibu Gulf Bank’s "Digital Work Platform"; Further expand and deepen the development of enterprise online banking and its App application to Internet and enterprise eco-banking, and at the same time integrate traditional enterprise finance to provide enterprises with all-round financial services, scene services and ecological services, and successfully landed in Zhejiang Rural Credit Cooperative’s "enterprise interconnection" and other projects; Actively respond to the rural revitalization strategy put forward by the 19th National Congress, cooperate with banks to combine rural industrial finance, inclusive finance, rural government affairs and other practices, and help the development and construction of digital villages’ App. The applications cover rural governance, urban-rural integration, neighboring mutual assistance, agricultural product revitalization, credit construction, convenient living and other specific applications of inclusive finance; Promote and popularize the construction of small program ecological development platform based on Ares technology platform, provide small program development technology platform for banks under the premise of "standardization, standardization and componentization", and realize "one-end development and multi-end deployment" to WeChat applet, Alipay applet, Tik Tok applet and Ares applet platforms, so that banks can integrate more business innovations and services by providing an open ecosystem of small program matrix.Build and enrich the financial ecology; The existing businesses and products such as "CRM+" and marketing platform, which are widely praised and promoted by banks, are still remarkable business highlights of the company in the past year.

　　During the reporting period, the company continued to explore new business value in the insurance industry, and expanded the breadth and depth of insurance business: precipitated high-reuse solutions and products such as data center and CRM, and quickly implemented them in small and medium-sized life insurance and property insurance companies with high quality, and continued to promote the construction and application of three products, namely data center, business center and business front desk, to help the digital transformation of insurance enterprises. In 2021, the company advanced into the fields of insurance data center, CRM, core system, etc., and achieved key market breakthroughs. Won the Hengan Standard Life Data Center Project for the first time, and built a data center integrating data layered construction, data governance and data service, so as to export "fast, accurate, comprehensive and intelligent" data service capabilities for insurance companies; Then win the CRM system project of Everbright Life Insurance, build a CRM intelligent system with systematic labeling, standardized service and application platform, and realize insurance technology empowerment and data empowerment; Third, win the China Xinbao trade insurance core system project, build a new generation of trade insurance core business system, support the whole process operation of trade insurance business, and gradually implement the digitalization of core business processes.

　　China’s financial industry Xinchuang has entered the stage of high-quality and all-round development, and the market space is huge. As the fastest-growing innovation field in the industry, finance has entered a period of rapid growth, and the demand for the field has been continuously released and verified by the industry. As the pillar of the financial industry, the banking industry is also the "vanguard" of financial innovation. In the field of financial innovation, the company has been committed to the construction and improvement of the innovation ecosystem, and has invested heavily in the R&D resources of innovation in the fields of databases, application software and cloud services. With a mission, Dongfang Guoxin continues its independent research and development and deep cultivation in the industry, facing more users and exerting greater value.

　　3. Industrial field

　　(1)Cloudiip platform technology and support service capabilities continue to improve.

　　In the selection of the national cross-industry and cross-domain industrial Internet platform of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in 2021, the Cloudiip platform of Dongfang Guoxin continued to maintain its leading position, and Dongfang Guoxin has maintained the forefront of the national industrial Internet dual-span platform for many years. During the reporting period, the Cloudiip platform further strengthened the four capabilities of platform foundation, application, ecology and industrial integration, continuously upgraded the platform supply capacity, and quickly and iteratively integrated the latest technical tools to support flexible data analysis, model construction, micro-service and APP design, etc., and the intelligent development capability of Cloudiip was greatly improved.

　　(2) The release of "peak carbon dioxide emissions Carbon Neutralization" management platform.

　　One of the key problems solved by the company’s industrial system products is to reduce energy consumption and improve energy utilization efficiency, which is highly consistent with the national double-carbon strategic goal. Especially in the process industries with high energy consumption such as electricity, coal and cement, Dongfang Guoxin has accumulated a large number of mechanism models, data models, expert models and monitoring platform products, providing effective help for enterprise production control and early warning. In 2021, Dongfang Guoxin’s energy consumption edge monitoring equipment will be applied in many provinces, cities and industries. On July 11th, 2021, the company and Chongyang Financial Research Institute of Renmin University of China jointly released the world’s first "peak carbon dioxide emissions Carbon Neutralization" intelligent monitoring and management platform. Based on the top-level design advantages of think tanks, the "Double Carbon" regulatory platform builds 12 specialized and refined regulatory indexes, including total carbon emissions, carbon sinks, peak carbon dioxide emissions achievement rate, carbon neutrality achievement rate and carbon intensity, so as to promote the modernization, transformation and upgrading of the "peak carbon dioxide emissions, carbon neutrality" governance system and governance capacity.

　　(3) New breakthroughs have been made in promoting industrial intelligence.

　　Dongfang Guoxin expert team combines professional theory and practical experience in the industry field with the company’s big data capabilities and industrial Internet platform to deeply expand the application in the industry field and help the digital transformation of enterprises. In 2021, Dongfang Guoxin achieved new breakthroughs in new energy, electric power, thermal power, cement, coal, heating and other industries.

　　In the field of new energy, Dongfang Guoxin can provide customers with overall new energy solutions, including: new energy data asset planning and governance system construction, new energy big data center construction, new energy specific scenario application prediction and deviation analysis, etc., and can quickly export five core solutions such as smart wind power, smart photovoltaic, comprehensive new energy, smart energy storage and smart energy service to customers, and form big data scenario application products such as health diagnosis, smart security, early warning of equipment and integrated analysis platform for distribution and transmission. Dongfang Guoxin and Huaneng Qingneng Institute signed a strategic cooperation agreement around "Research on New Energy Product System", and carried out in-depth cooperation with well-known domestic enterprises such as Hebei Electric Power Research Institute, Huaneng Clean Institute, Three Gorges New Energy and Jilin Electric Power Research Institute. Dongfang Guoxin participated in the construction of the comprehensive exhibition system of "Green Olympics and Low Carbon China" in Zhangjiakou, State Grid. Through the combination of static data and dynamic data and the linkage of real scene and virtual model, it showed the achievements of State Grid Hebei Company in the direction of renewable energy development and low carbon development, created a typical demonstration of source, network, Netherlands, storage and comprehensive management, and provided government departments with many application products such as energy supervision, energy planning, meteorological early warning and a "comprehensive window for green Olympics".

　　In the field of thermal power, Dongfang Guoxin has built a series of smart power plant solutions, including intelligent operation optimization, intelligent alarm, intelligent analysis and diagnosis of digital twins, intelligent safety management, intelligent equipment management, emergency command management, intelligent operation management, etc., which has realized the centralized monitoring, scene reproduction and unified supervision of subordinate thermal power enterprises on the group side, and helped the group to develop harmoniously in low-carbon environmental protection, innovation drive, quality benefit and safe production. Together with North China Electric Power Research Institute, Guoshen Group, Jiujiang Power Plant of National Energy Group, and Huanghua Port of National Energy Group, we have completed the development and optimization of 18 "equipment management" models. Through sinking the power plant by Electric Power Research Institute, we have optimized the operating conditions of power plant equipment, improved the equipment performance, and helped the power plant to save energy and reduce consumption.

　　In the field of cement, the construction project of comprehensive big data platform has been started, and the control and optimization application system of Dongfang Guoxin Cement has landed in leading enterprises in Tapai, Jinyu, Shanshui Cement and other industries. Construction of the development and application project of cement factory-level integrated management and control platform based on industrial internet architecture in Chengde Jinyu, laying a solid foundation for the replication and promotion of big data platform in cement industry; Through the platform construction of () Group and three regional factories, the two-level architecture model of Dongfang Guoxin’s comprehensive big data platform in the cement field has been enriched.

　　In the field of coal, comprehensive data monitoring and management products such as coal big data platform, monitoring and early warning, coal mine map, etc. and digital twin and automatic control system of roadheader working face have been successively launched, and customers in Bayangaole Coal Mine, Shuangxin Mining and other industries have landed. The platform empowers the working face equipment group to have the ability of independent perception, independent decision-making and automatic control operation, which can realize the real scene reproduction of tunneling working face and the autonomous navigation of tunneling main and auxiliary machines. Multi-machine coordinated control and remote centralized control of back-up equipment such as crusher and belt conveyor effectively improve the management level, production efficiency and safety guarantee ability of tunneling operation, realize intelligent reduction of staff and increase efficiency, and comprehensively promote the intelligent construction of coal mines.

　　In the field of coal chemical industry, the construction of information management system for chemical production in Xinjiang has been completed, and several functional modules developed have achieved good application results in enterprise production and management. The first intelligent management system for methanol synthesis catalyst jointly established with Xinjiang Chemical Industry has also been running stably, which has achieved remarkable results in improving catalyst health, reducing harm and optimizing performance, and has also made outstanding contributions in improving yield, reducing energy consumption and reducing carbon emissions.

　　(4)AI technology and industrial safety production are deeply integrated.

　　In 2021, Dongfang Guoxin AI visual identification project covers many fields such as energy, electric power, coal, wind power, chemical industry, etc. Five application scenarios of industrial visual identification are summarized and defined: intelligent inspection, on-site safety, industrial quality inspection, fault diagnosis, unattended coverage, intelligent inspection, equipment fault detection based on thermal imaging identification, X-ray flaw detection and quality inspection identification, personnel behavior safety management, equipment leakage, equipment condition monitoring and other industrial scenarios.

　　The edge product of "Industrial Visual Identification Management Platform Based on Multi-source Data Fusion" independently developed by Dongfang Guoxin allows customers to quickly access video data sources, algorithm binding, alarm rule setting and interface subscription, and realize self-built industrial visual identification applications. Dongfang Guoxin chemical industry artificial intelligence remote inspection solution has been selected into the list of outstanding cases of smart security solutions in 2021 selected by relevant industrial centers.

　　In the field of mining the value of industrial data, Dongfang Guoxin continuously obtains intermittent results by establishing OE industrial brain, integrating mechanism model, expert model, statistical model and big data model based on pre-parameters and process variables, and by means of data cleaning, dimensionality reduction, correlation analysis and supervised learning, providing effective online analysis means for production and operation, realizing comprehensive perception at any time, any place and any environment, so as to participate in control in advance and increase the yield. Using low-configuration edge computing front end, reliable support can be provided for the field through small samples. Support customized agile development, adjust applications according to on-site business scenarios, and quickly change parameter types and user interaction. The accuracy of the model is high, and the accuracy of the results is over 96% in the actual use process.

　　(5) internet plus industrial production safety, promote industrial intrinsic safety.

　　In 2021, based on the advantages of its own industrial Internet platform, Dongfang Guoxin built an industrial intrinsic safety platform through the integration of industrial data and algorithms. Based on production data and environmental data, it established a real hazard model through big data and AI algorithm, and reduced the dimensions of the spatial and temporal attributes of the real hazard model, and finally realized the quantitative safety assessment of the region and pushed the safety index. In the usual monitoring process, parameter monitoring is changed to state monitoring, which reduces the operation difficulty and management cost, increases the effective management scope, and can better serve the production plant. Even the administrative staff can quickly grasp the safety risk data through quantitative evaluation, which provides effective safety management tools for the group and government customers.

　　Dongfang Guoxin Intrinsic Safety Platform focuses on monitoring and prevention, and the monitoring area includes four states. In sub-health state, relevant early warning is carried out in advance to ensure production safety as much as possible, and industrial data, artificial intelligence and safety production are organically combined in the way of "monitoring in peacetime and commanding in wartime", which provides effective support for industrial safety and platform support for national digital industrialization.

　　4. Government and other fields

　　During the reporting period, the company maintained sustained growth in the direction of city brain (IOC) and government big data, and added projects such as Changyi smart city and smart community. The company actively landed and expanded the direction of smart culture and art, achieved excellent results in the information integration project of communist party Historical Exhibition Hall in China, and won the first prize of the first new smart city innovation and application competition. In the field of foreign cooperation, we will continue to expand business cooperation with Huawei and other partners in the field of smart cities, and actively expand cooperation in the field of smart rail transit. The company actively responded to the requirements of the state on the digital transformation of state-owned enterprises, reached a strategic cooperation agreement with Beijing Safe Housing Center Co., Ltd., and provided integrated overall solution services.

　　During the reporting period, the company actively participated in the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" in the field of public safety, solidly promoted the research and development of public safety featured products and accumulated experience in featured fields, and successfully completed the transformation and application of platforms such as data governance, knowledge map and science cloud in the field of public safety; On the basis of successfully completing the customs risk management system, the new generation customs clearance management system, the big data pool resource management platform and the Anke project of the General Administration of Customs, the company continued to deepen the implementation of customs data governance and ETL and other related projects; The company signed the data governance and digital transformation application of Fenjiu Group and the technical service of sichuan-tibet railway data governance service, and used the company’s rich experience in the field of big data to help traditional enterprises effectively carry out information transformation and upgrading. The company has made steady progress in the transportation industry, built the foundation of Hebei Airport Group’s data center platform, service bus, passenger service and other capabilities, and formed an integrated airport big data platform solution and construction capability covering data collection, data storage, data calculation, data governance, data service and data application.

　　5. Public cloud domain

　　During the reporting period, Dongfang Guoxin Cloud entered the accelerated growth channel, especially the business in intelligent cloud grew rapidly. Dongfang Guoxin Cloud technology goes deep into operators, traditional industries and government service departments, helping thousands of industries to integrate innovation and improve efficiency. After more than a year of technical precipitation and market polishing, the company has continuously iterated over the public cloud and private cloud product systems, combined with the company’s layout in the data center field, to build the intelligent cloud ecosystem, and functional products such as cloudy management, cloud migration and cloud private line have been launched one after another, which has further strengthened the competitiveness of Dongfang Guoxin Cloud in the market and defined our strategic direction in the field of cloud computing. At the same time, with the development of Xinchuang industry and the demands of broad users, Dongfang Guoxin Cloud also supported the virtualization function of ARM architecture servers in 2021, and adapted more independent controllable software and hardware manufacturers, and launched a series of functions such as ARM chip virtual machine and bare metal in BoncStack private cloud products.

　　With the rise of hot concepts such as artificial intelligence and meta-universe, and with the help of the policy of "east counting and west computing", the market demand for computing power has also reached the climax of explosive growth. A large number of customers have an unprecedented strong demand for computing power in artificial intelligence, wisdom+fields, and so on. For this reason, the company has invested a lot of technical strength in the research and development of GPU virtualization, GPU transmission and other products. The year of 2021 is a year of rapid development of Dongfang Guoxin Cloud, and the company has obtained more qualifications in cloud security, trusted cloud, container cloud platform, research and development of soft works, etc. The company’s cloud business has also entered a period of accelerated growth, creating many benchmark cases in the military, industrial manufacturing, government and public security fields. At the same time, the continuous investment in technology has enabled Dongfang Guoxin Cloud to provide better protection and support for data-driven enterprises and help enterprises to transform digitally.

　　(2) Complete the non-public offering to enhance the company’s core competitiveness and profitability.

　　As a company with pure big data genes, Dongfang Guoxin’s layout of cloud computing and artificial intelligence comes down in one continuous line. Since its listing, the company has closely followed the development direction of the world’s most advanced technologies, conducted in-depth key research and development in the directions of big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and industrial Internet, and continuously incubated company-level core technologies and products, which has already taken the first-Mover advantage in these fields. The funds raised this time are used for the industrial Internet cloud intelligent platform, the 5G+ industrial Internet converged access and edge computing platform, and the Oriental Guoxin Cloud project, and the company’s working capital is appropriately supplemented. With the completion and promotion of the fundraising project, the company’s independent research and development capability will be further enhanced, the company’s technology and product industry application capability will be greatly improved, the company’s product, technology and solution capabilities in the fields of cloud services, 5G+ industrial Internet will be strengthened, business model innovation will be promoted, and stronger support will be provided for the company to consolidate its position in the industry and expand its market, thus improving its business scale and market space. Through this non-public offering, the company will enrich its capital strength, improve its ability to resist risks, fully consolidate its core competitiveness, further enhance its value, enhance its profitability and better repay all shareholders of listed companies.

　　(III) The company won many awards, and its brand reputation and influence continued to improve.

　　During the reporting period, the company and its subsidiaries won many honors. Including "2021 Beijing Software Core Competitiveness (Scale Enterprise)" evaluated by Beijing Software and Information Service Industry Association and "Top 100 Comprehensive Strength of Beijing Software and Information Service Industry" for five consecutive years, "2021 Digital Expo Leading Scientific and Technological Achievement Award" of China International Big Data Industry Expo, "Beijing First batch of" Invisible Champion "enterprises jointly issued by Beijing Economic and Information Bureau and Beijing Federation of Industry and Commerce, The Top 50 Big Data Enterprises in China in 2021 selected by China Big Data Alliance and other institutions, the TOP500 and TOP100 Leading Enterprises in China Xinchuang Industry in 2021 jointly released by Internet Weekly and eNet Research Institute, the Top 100 Pioneer List of Industrial Internet released by the judging panel of Industrial Internet World, and the Unicom Smart Service Project Center won the "Best Partner" award.

　　(4) Strengthen refined operations and continuously improve operational efficiency.

　　During the reporting period, the company continued to adopt the combination of budgeting and refined management, adhered to the management mode of paying equal attention to humanities, and constantly optimized the management process and internal control system. In terms of operation management, through continuous improvement and accumulation, the company’s operation management platform gradually plays a role. The company further strengthens the role of digital operation, and accurately analyzes each level and position with multi-dimensional portraits of sales, pre-sales and project implementation, providing a basis for the company’s awards, accurate assessment, avoiding blind waste, and further improving the company’s digital operation and digital assessment capabilities; In the formulation and assessment of the overall performance of the department, the full-cost cash flow accounting is carried out, the process tracking evaluation is strengthened, and the cost management is more comprehensive and accurate; In terms of employee performance and training, we will improve the technical certification system for initial, intermediate and advanced R&D products, and comprehensively enhance the vitality of employees and grassroots organizations.

V. Prospect of the Company’s Future Development

　　(A) the company’s development strategy

　　With the advent of the era of "digital economy and intelligent economy", data has become an important strategic resource of the country. In recent years, accelerating the construction of new infrastructure such as 5G, big data center, industrial Internet and artificial intelligence has become a major national development strategy. With the increasing support of "new infrastructure" policy, the development speed of the industry will be greatly improved. In 2020, the company formulated a strategic plan for the next five years: continue to focus on the fields of big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and industrial Internet, and deeply empower customers in various industries for digital transformation. The company will comprehensively promote the cloud-based strategy of Dongfang Guoxin, and provide cloud-based software and services for a large group of small and medium-sized enterprise users based on many big data, AI and other software products that have been deposited by head customers in large-scale industries for many years; Promote the independent packaging and sales of many outstanding technical products such as CirroData database, data science cloud platform, data governance platform BDG and enterprise big data platform BEH, and cultivate customers’ habit of paying separately for software products; The company will keep the focus and patience of strategic direction, constantly innovate actively, strengthen the technical moat of the company, and promote the ecological strategy of "product+platform+service" from the model with "project" as the core, bringing more economic benefits to the enterprise and creating greater social value at the same time.

　　(II) The Company’s business objectives and business development plan for 2022.

　　In 2022, the company adhered to the overall business idea of "integration, focus, deep cultivation and efficiency improvement", maintained strategic focus and determination, and continued to build the core competitiveness of Dongfang Guoxin in the laid-out areas, accumulating and grasping the market opportunities brought by the digital tide, enabling customers’ digital development and achieving steady growth of the company’s performance.

　　1. Strengthen business focus, and make business deeper, wider and stronger.

　　In 2022, the company will continue to focus on the research and development direction of big data, industrial Internet, 5G, cloud computing and artificial intelligence; Focus on communications, finance, industry, government and cloud services; Focus on industry customized development software and services, standardized products, and cloud application services. The company will deeply cultivate industry customers, technology research and development and customer needs. Focus on the existing market, create superior solutions and expand the leading edge of the industry; Break through technical barriers and rely on advanced technological advantages to break through the bottleneck of business development; Understand customer needs and solve customer pain points. Accelerate the sales of technology productization and cloudization, and further strengthen the effective integration of business, technology and solutions between parent and subsidiary companies; Strengthen the integration of the company’s R&D products and user experience. Strengthen publicity and sales, improve product sales and marketing systems, and accelerate the transformation and landing of research and development results.

　　2. The industrial Internet platform has been continuously upgraded to empower the digital transformation of the industrial economy.

　　In 2022, based on the Cloudiip platform, Dongfang Guoxin will integrate the new generation information technologies such as big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and 5G with the needs of industrial enterprises to build N functional general platforms such as machine vision, intrinsic safety and data value mining, which will continue to be promoted in N industrial fields such as electric power, cement, chemical industry, coal and ports, give play to the effectiveness of industrial Internet and deepen its influence.

　　As a double-span platform selected by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Cloudiip will further strengthen the support and operation of cloudization, continue to study and overcome the processing problems of industrial big data, improve the capabilities of industrial data collection, standardization, timeliness and data governance, and strengthen the research and development and pilot application of 5G private networks. In the direction of small and medium-sized enterprises, we will build cloud-based data collection and application services for small and medium-sized textile, motor, machine tool and other manufacturing factories, reduce the construction cost of enterprise platforms, promote the popularization of industrial Internet platforms, build ecological platforms, and strive to become an industrial Internet platform with international influence.

　　3. Cloudization business has clear strategic objectives and is ready to go.

　　In 2022, the important strategy of Oriental Guoxin Cloud is "based on cloud computing, focusing on important tracks with artificial intelligence as the starting point", and cloud +AI is closely integrated, and "integration of cloud and intelligence" has become the unique competitive advantage of Oriental Guoxin Cloud. It has developed into a technologically advanced AI production platform with integrated software and hardware. In addition, Dongfang Guoxin Cloud fully integrates core technologies and platforms such as voice, vision, knowledge map and intelligent operation and maintenance of root cause analysis, empowering new infrastructures in all walks of life and providing strong support for enterprise innovation.

　　4. Continuously improve operational efficiency and optimize talent management.

　　In terms of human resources, in order to activate organizational vitality, the long-term development of enterprises needs to continuously deliver fresh blood, and the company gives clear and specific indicators in terms of talent flow and reserve young cadres, and boldly promotes outstanding talents; In terms of company operation, in order to improve operational efficiency, we will further improve the management system and assessment system. Through the company’s operation management system, everyone and every penny can be reflected in the process, and the company’s operation mode can be moved forward to the project or project group level, with a single project or project group as the smallest operation unit, the management level can be shortened, so that the company’s resources can be tilted to the front line, which is convenient to meet customers’ needs quickly, thus realizing the improvement of the company’s overall operation efficiency. In terms of corporate culture construction, we will vigorously promote corporate culture, publicize the company’s policies and systems, and convey the company’s business ideas to every grassroots employee.

The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to release at 18: 00 on November 6.Strong wind blue warning, cold wave blue warning, blizzard orange warning:

It is estimated that from 20: 00 on November 6 to 20: 00 on November 7, some areas in central and northwestern Inner Mongolia, eastern Xinjiang, northern and eastern Qinghai, Hexi, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other places will have strong winds with gusts of 7; There will be strong winds of magnitude 7-8 and gusts of magnitude 9 in the eastern Bohai Sea, the Bohai Strait, most of the Yellow Sea, the northern part of the East China Sea, the southern part of the East China Sea, the Taiwan Province Strait, the east of Taiwan Province, bashi channel and parts of the northeastern South China Sea, among which there will be strong winds of magnitude 9 and gusts of magnitude 10 in some parts of the eastern Yellow Sea.

Affected by strong cold air, it is estimated that from 20: 00 on November 6 to 20: 00 on November 7, the temperature in southeastern Inner Mongolia and most parts of Northeast China will drop by 6 ~ 8℃ successively, among which the temperature in some parts of eastern Jilin can reach 10 ~ 12℃. The lowest temperature 0℃ line will be located in the northeast of Hebei, Tianjin, southwest of Shanxi, Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi and southeast of Gansu. Some areas in central and northwestern Inner Mongolia, eastern Xinjiang, northern and eastern Qinghai, Hexi, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning will have strong winds of 5~6 and gusts of 7; There will be strong winds of 7-8 grades and gusts of 9-10 grades in the eastern Bohai Sea, most of the Yellow Sea, the northern part of the East China Sea, the southern part of the East China Sea and parts of the northeastern South China Sea.

It is estimated that from 20: 00 on November 6 to 20: 00 on November 7, there will be heavy blizzards in parts of northern Jilin and central and eastern Heilongjiang, among which there will be heavy blizzards (20 ~ 24 mm) in the northeastern part of Heilongjiang. The depth of newly added snow in some areas above is 2-10 cm, and the local area can reach more than 12 cm.

The cold wave continues,

Everyone should take precautions.

comeThe State Council client applet,

Just three steps,

You can receive it in time

Meteorological disaster warning reminder!

Scan below and enter ↓

This service is provided by China Meteorological Bureau.

Step 1 enterMeteorological disaster early warningService,

2. Click ""in the upper right corner.+Subscribe to alert notifications”，

3. Allow sendingMeteorological disaster early warning reminder.

Tip: After completing the above three steps, the system will automatically push the meteorological disaster warning reminder issued by the area where you got the last time.

The cold wave struck,

Remember to keep warm!