Guangzhou has built the first expressway mileage in the province, and the main skeleton road network of "Three Rings+Nineteen Shoots" has basically taken shape.

Guangzhou has built a high-speed highway, ranking first in the province. The "three-ring+nineteen-shot" main skeleton road network basically formed the northern section of the second airport expressway. On December 30, the northern section of the second airport expressway invested and constructed by Guangzhou Jiaotou Group passed the handover acceptance and was open to traffic. After this section is opened to traffic, a second high-speed passage will be added directly to Baiyun Airport, so that citizens in the north and east of Guangzhou will not need to detour by plane. The North Section of the Second Airport Expressway connects the North Second Ring Expressway, Huaguan Expressway and other national highways such as G106 and S118, forming a closed-loop regional traffic pattern of Guangzhou Airport and a new northbound exit passage, which will further enhance the distribution capacity of Baiyun Airport and accelerate the development of the airport economic zone, and play an important role in improving the layout of Guangzhou expressway network, alleviating the "bottleneck" of northbound exit traffic in Guangzhou, constructing the Pan-Pearl River Delta expressway pattern centered on Guangzhou, and promoting the interconnection of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Up to now, Guangzhou has built a high-speed highway with a mileage of over 1,100 kilometers, ranking first in the province in terms of construction scale, and the "three-ring+nineteen-shot" main skeleton road network has basically taken shape. Avoid congestion and bypass to build a second high-speed passage through the airport. "Driving to Baiyun Airport, the airport expressway is the only way." Mr. Li told reporters. However, on holidays, the traffic volume increases, and the airport expressway is often congested. "Leave some time in advance for holidays in case the traffic jam can’t catch up with the plane." With the opening of the northern section of the airport’s second expressway, Mr. Li’s worries will be effectively alleviated.The second expressway of the airport starts from Shanqian Interchange on the north extension line of the airport expressway and ends at Huangcun Interchange on Guangzhou-Shenzhen Expressway, with a total length of 44.46 kilometers. The project is roughly bounded by the North Second Ring Expressway and is divided into the northern section and the southern section. The northern section of the project is 22.11 kilometers (including 1.36 kilometers of connecting lines), with the construction standard of 8 lanes in two directions and the design speed of 100 kilometers per hour, with 7 interchanges and 1 management center. After the opening of the North Section of the Second Airport Expressway, the high-speed network around Baiyun Airport forms a closed loop, and citizens have one more route to choose from to go to the T1 and T2 terminals of Baiyun Airport or the surrounding area. They can drive from the North Section of the Second Airport Expressway to Fanghua Road and then to the T1 terminal via T3 interchange. In the future, after the planned road at the airport is completed and opened to traffic, the accessibility of the road network will be further improved. Citizens can switch from the airport north interchange to the T2 terminal and from the T3 interchange to the T3 (planned) terminal, which will effectively alleviate the traffic congestion of citizens during holidays, and citizens in Huadu District and Baiyun District can also reduce road detours when going to the airport. It is reported that the south section of the second expressway of the airport has started construction in an all-round way. When it is completed and opened to traffic, it will connect the northern section of the project and China Unicom’s seven expressways, and become an important highway hub in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, further improving the "three-ring+nineteen-shot" expressway network, focusing on upgrading the energy level of the external expressway corridors in the directions of Guanghui, Guang ‘ao, Guangzhao and Guangqing, helping to build a Pan-Pearl River Delta expressway network with Guangzhou as the center and create a "one-hour traffic circle" in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area."After the second expressway of the airport is opened to traffic, the driving time from Tianhe to Baiyun Airport will be shortened from 1 hour to 30 minutes, and it will also become the fastest way for major cities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area such as Dongguan, Foshan and Zhaoqing to go to Baiyun Airport." The person in charge of the second expressway project at the airport said. Insist on green and intensive construction to build Guangzhou Expressway demonstration project. The northern section of the second expressway of the airport passes through urban dense areas, crossing (passing through) high expressways, national and provincial highways and rapidly transforming roads, railways and subways for many times. The buildings (structures) and pipelines along the line are complicated and the construction requirements are extremely high. In this regard, Guangzhou Jiaotou Group has always adhered to the new development concept, focusing on intensive land conservation, safe construction and green construction. In the overall scheme selection, the route should be optimized on the principle of occupying cultivated land, fertile land and economic forest as little as possible; In the design stage, bridge structure should be adopted as much as possible to reduce the land occupation; Minimize temporary land occupation during the construction stage; After completion, vegetation, cultivated land and municipal roads will be restored in time. In addition, rainwater collection and accident emergency pools are set up on the road section passing through the water source protection area, and rainwater and sewage on the road surface are collected and treated centrally; Sound insulation and noise reduction measures are adopted in the road sections passing through environmentally sensitive points such as villages, campuses and residential areas, such as SMA, OGFC and PAC combined noise reduction pavement and fully enclosed sound insulation screen, so as to minimize the impact on the surrounding environment. It is understood that there are two underpass tunnels in the northern section of the second expressway of the airport.They are the airport north tunnel, the longest two-way eight-lane expressway in China with a length of 3,012m, and the airport south tunnel, the widest expressway in China with a length of 1,100m. By adopting the scheme of underpass tunnel, the environmental friendliness is improved and the construction difficulty is also increased. "Airport North Tunnel is located next to Liuxi River, with complex geological environment and great risk of collapse." The person in charge of the project said. In order to overcome the construction difficulties, geological conditions are taken as an important consideration in the scheme design of the north section of the second expressway of the airport, and the scheme is dynamically adjusted during the construction, and measures such as real-time monitoring and strengthening protection are taken to ensure the construction safety. At the same time, the northern section of the second expressway of the airport makes the best use of the existing corridor resources in route selection, creates a three-dimensional traffic system and releases the urban development space. "For example, in the section of National Highway 106, there is a subway under it, with National Highway 106 in the middle and the second expressway above the airport." The project leader introduced. The project also innovated the way of pipeline relocation. For the first time in Guangzhou expressway construction industry, the comprehensive pipeline relocation unit was selected by public bidding, and multiple pipeline relocation routes were optimized by design and construction general contracting, and all pipeline property rights units were organized to participate in the design scheme discussion, breaking the "fragmented" situation of pipeline relocation, which not only greatly reduced the amount of land occupation and house demolition, saved investment costs, but also provided orderly pipe network layout support for future road network improvement.Promote innovation and empower BIM technology to lead smart construction sites to build the second high-speed airport project. BIM technology is also widely used in site construction and management, effectively solving construction problems in complex environments. According to reports, BIM technology is based on three-dimensional digital technology, which combines the BIM model established in the early stage with the surrounding real terrain, environment and other data through multi-channel image fusion technology to generate a real digital virtual sand table of the project, and escorts the project construction by intelligent means. How to move the pipeline? The model predicts first. The airport second expressway project innovatively uses "GIS+BIM" technology to establish a virtual digital sand table, and generates a visual three-dimensional model of the invisible underground pipeline. "Through the BIM model, the pipeline relocation can be arranged in advance. For example, seeing the close relationship between the pipeline and the subway and finding the conflict point of the pipeline relocation will make the actual operation more organized." The project leader said. The northern section of the project involves the construction of G106 bridge pier, capping beam and steel box beam, as well as the prefabrication and erection of beam and slab. The project adopts BIM technology to build an all-round three-dimensional real-life model communication platform, observe the site construction in 360 degrees in real time, strengthen the deep interaction between the project company and the construction unit, realize the scientific, standardized and intelligent management of the project based on BIM technology, and speed up the progress of the project. With this technology, the SG08 contract section of the North Section of the Second Airport Expressway completed an output value of 80 million yuan in a single month, setting a new record for the monthly output value of the bridge standard. It is understood that,The research results of the project on BIM technology also won many honors, such as the third place in the BIM application category of bridges and tunnels in the 10th imagine cup Building Information Model (BIM) Application Competition. Expand the skill competition mode, and the provincial key project labor competition will boost the project construction. During the construction process, the northern section of the second expressway of the airport will also vigorously carry out the provincial key project labor competition to adapt to the development of the new era. By expanding the depth of labor competition and innovating the skill competition mode, the construction upsurge of catching up with learning will be set off in the whole project, which will effectively promote the high-quality and efficient construction of the project. It is understood that since 2017, the project has carried out a series of labor competition activities such as "attacking the city and pulling out the village", "taking root", "flowering results" and "making new achievements", with the goal of "model project, clean project and quality project". Through a series of skill competitions, such as steel bar welding and upsetting straight thread sleeve connection, experimental testing practice, engineering survey practice, New Jersey guardrail steel bar binding and pouring, and the appraisal of craftsmen’s construction teams, post experts (pacesetters), advanced collectives and individuals, technical exchanges and mutual promotion have been realized, and the simple production and physical labor competition has been upgraded into an intelligent and scientific research competition, and four advanced collectives and three winners of Guangdong May 1 Labor Medal have emerged.

From 38 to 176, the descendants of Shenshan Village who fled the mountain came back!

   Jiangxi Daily reporter Zhang Tianqing Yang Jianzhi Li Xin

   Four years ago, the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month coincided with the lunar new year in the south. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader braved the snowstorm and came to Shenshan Village in Jinggangshan to pay a New Year call to the villagers. He said with deep affection: on the road to poverty alleviation, we can’t leave a poor family and a poor people behind.

   ▲ Jinggangshan Shenshan Village, villagers are communicating at the entrance of the village. Photography Jiangxi Daily reporter Hong Xiaobo

   After four years, another small year is coming. We drove along the winding Panshan Highway to Shenshan Village. There is a busy scene in the village, and everyone is nervously preparing for the annual village reunion dinner. The children danced happily, while the adults were busy, exchanging their harvests in the past year and their plans for the coming year. There was laughter everywhere.

   “1、2、3… … 176, there are 176 people eating New Year’s Eve this year. " Peng Zhanyang, a young village party secretary, counted the number of people one by one. "Well, there are 8 more people than last year!" He said.

   "Four years ago, among the 231 people in the village, the young descendants all went out, and only 38 old people and children guarded these 37 adobe houses. Who would have thought that in the past four years, the big guys have returned to the village one after another!" Lai Zhicheng, deputy secretary of the village branch, said happily.

   ▲ UAV aerial photography of Jinggangshan Shenshan Village Highway. Photography Jiangxi Daily reporter Hong Xiaobo

   Speaking of the past, Peng Shuisheng, a 79-year-old branch secretary, remembered the long-standing jingle in the village — — "There are women who don’t marry Shenshanlang, and Shenshan is a poor place; Sweet potatoes and sweet potatoes are the staple food, and young children flow abroad. " He said: "In those days, everyone who could go out left, and we called this ‘ Escape from the mountain ’ 。”

   Shenshan Village is located in the depths of Xiashan Mountain in Huang Yangjie, with only 5 fields per capita. No matter how well the fields are managed, they can barely make a living. The memory of poverty is rooted in the hearts of people in Shenshan Village from generation to generation. Escaping from the mountains has also become a common choice for the villagers.

   "Don’t go out can have what way? In the past, there was not even a decent road in the village. Although there were many bamboos on the mountain, the chopped bamboos had to be carried down by shoulders one by one. " Lai Fuqiao, 70, recalled: "In order to make some living money at home, every household in the village made bamboo chopsticks. After they were finished, they had to climb the mountain road for more than an hour to carry them out to sell. In the end, 100 pairs of chopsticks could only earn 2 yuan 30 cents, and many families earned less than 3,000 yuan a year."

   "In order to earn more money, the descendants in the village all went out to work, leaving us old guys to keep the mountain. At least, I was alone in this half of the mountain, and I didn’t even have anyone to talk to all day. I was very lonely. " Standing at the door of the house, 76-year-old Hu Yubao raised his arm and drew a half circle towards several houses on the hillside nearby.

   大山阻隔了神山村的发展,让神山村落下了“穷根”。2015年,神山村被评为省级贫困村,全村54户人家中,21户是建档立卡贫困户。

   ▲ The new look of Shenshan Village in Jinggangshan. Photography Jiangxi Daily reporter Hong Xiaobo

   “是习总书记把我们神山村人的心点燃了。2016年的春节,大家只要聚在一起,就是商量如何发展,心气从来没这么齐过,劲头也从来没这么足过。”彭展阳说。这个春节后,彭展阳辞掉了一份年收入20多万元的工作,回村创业,后来被选为村支部书记。他说:“虽然现在每月工资只有2000多元,但我们不能辜负习总书记的期望,一定要带着大家把村子发展起来!”

   ▲ The new look of Shenshan Village in Jinggangshan. Photography Jiangxi Daily reporter Hong Xiaobo

   越来越多精准扶贫的举措,加上越来越多回村创业的神山村人,让神山村“神气”了起来。

   村里的土地经过流转,460多亩种上了黄桃树、200多亩种上了茶树。21户贫困户都成了黄桃、茶叶合作社的“股东”,每年单是分红就有3000多元。

   5米多宽的盘山公路修通了,路灯也亮了,井冈山上的旅游大巴,顺着宽阔的新路开进村里来了。2019年,来神山村参观的游客达32万多人次。

   "Xiaohua, our farmhouse is understaffed, come back and help my parents!" Peng Shuisheng, the old township party secretary, called Peter Peng, the youngest son who works in a porcelain factory outside the mountain, back.

   Three brothers, Peng Changliang, Peng Qingliang and Peng Deliang, who have worked in Zhejiang, Guangdong and other places for more than 10 years, have started farmhouse music, keeping bees and selling honey, "Jinggang Hongshenshan Tea" and self-made "Shenliang Bamboo Wine", and their annual income has exceeded 400,000 yuan.

   Luo Linhui and Luo Lingen, two brothers, returned to the village from Longshi Town at the foot of the mountain, and opened a "tourist supermarket" at their doorstep, specializing in Shenshan local products, with an annual income of more than 200,000 yuan.

   The descendants who fled the mountain returned to the village, started their own businesses and became rich, showing their magical powers and attracting more people back to the village. The "census" of the resident population of village committees shows: 38 in 2016, 73 in 2017, 168 in 2018 and 176 in 2019 — — It has increased by 138 people in four years.

   "It’s good to come back. I’m not lonely anymore." Talking about changes, the old man Hu Yubao said: "The biggest change is that people talk anytime and anywhere." On the side, Peng Shuisheng gave a thumbs up: "I didn’t expect the afterlife in the village, and there are really many talented people!"

   The younger generation came back, and with the support of party committees and governments at all levels, the lives of people in Shenshan Village became richer.

   ▲ Peng Xiaying and Zhang Chengde, villagers of Shenshan Village in Jinggangshan, cook for their guests in their own farmhouses. At present, there are 21 farmhouses in the village. Photography Jiangxi Daily reporter Hong Xiaobo

   During the break, Peng Zhanyang sat with several villagers and made an "inventory" with his fingers broken: "One, two, three … … Since 2016, 22 villages have bought new houses in the city, 37 adobe houses have been reinforced and painted, the number of cars has increased from 7 to 39, and the number of farmhouses has increased from 0 to 21. "

   Li Shilong, an accountant of the village committee, added: "Four years ago, the per capita income in our village was only 3,000 yuan, but now it is 22,000 yuan. In the past, our village collective income was zero, and we didn’t have to do any accounts, but now it is 380,000 yuan."

   More changes are brewing!

   At the beginning of 2019, a company in Jinggangshan City took a fancy to Shenshan Village and invested more than 10 million yuan to build a rural revitalization research base in Shenshan Village. At present, the research base with a total area of more than 1000 square meters has been capped and can be put into trial operation after the Spring Festival. "After the research base is built, the research tourism, farmhouse music and homestay in Shenshan Village can be transformed into scale and standardization." Peng Zhanyang introduced.

   When we came down the mountain, we saw Tang Chao, the head of the tea cooperative, standing at the gate of the village Committee, giving dividends to 21 poor households’ "shareholders". 21 red gift bags filled with cash were placed on the table, and smiles bloomed on the villagers’ faces.

   Deep in the mountains, the chill still attacks people. But people’s hearts are already steaming!

   ▲ The new look of Shenshan Village in Jinggangshan. Photography Jiangxi Daily reporter Hong Xiaobo

Decision of Lishui Municipal People’s Government on Giving Outstanding Collective and Individual Administrative Awards to the Reconstruction of Villages in Lishui City in 2020

County (city, district) people’s governments and units directly under the municipal government:

The reconstruction of villages in Lishui city is the key work of our city in 2020. Under the strong leadership of the municipal party committee and municipal government, liandu and all units directly under the municipal government unite and cooperate, and the urban cadres at the two levels who participated in the transformation of urban villages vigorously promoted and practiced the revolutionary spirit in southwest Zhejiang, fully implemented the "Lishui Dry", focused on the goal of "clean land", and fought day and night to win the urban village transformation, from which a large number of advanced collectives and individuals emerged.

In order to commend the advanced and set a good example, the municipal government decided to give administrative rewards to 20 collectives such as liandu People’s Government and 150 individuals such as Zhang Dong, who were outstanding in promoting the urban village reconstruction in liandu and directly under the municipal government, according to the Interim Measures for Administrative Awards in Zhejiang Province and the Assessment Measures for Urban Village Reconstruction in 2020.

I hope that the collectives and individuals who are rewarded will guard against arrogance and rashness, make persistent efforts and create new achievements. All localities, departments and the broad masses of cadres and the masses in the city should take the advanced as an example, take Do not forget your initiative mind as an example, keep in mind the mission, make positive progress and strive hard, carry forward and practice the "revolutionary spirit in southwest Zhejiang", take the "dry of Lishui" as the main task, and make new and greater contributions to the high-quality green development of the city.

Attachment: List of Collective and Individual Administrative Awards for Reconstruction of Villages in Lishui City in 2020

                                                                                                 Lishui Municipal People’s Government

                                                                                                         June 24, 2021

(This piece is publicly released)

attachment

Reconstruction of Villages in Lishui City in 2020

List of administrative reward collectives and individuals

I. Collective Awards (20 in total)

1. Class II (1).

Liandu Municipal People’s Government

2. Class III (4).

Lishui housing and urban construction bureau

Lishui comprehensive administration law enforcement bureau

Lishui natural resources and planning bureau

Lishui labor resources social security bureau

3. Awards (15).

Lishui land and house levy research guidance center

Lishui bureau of finance

Lishui urban construction investment co., ltd

Lishui auditing bureau

Lishui Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government Bureau for Letters and Calls

Lishui daily newspaper

Lishui radio & TV reception desk

Lishui Municipal People’s Government State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission

Lishui Bureau of Public Security liandu Branch Bureau

Liandu people’s court

Liandu Yanquan sub-district office

Liandu Zijin sub-district office

Liandu Baiyun sub-district office

Liandu wanxiang sub-district office

Liandu Liancheng sub-district office

II. Individual Award (150 persons in total)

1. Class II (8 persons).

Zhang Dong, Deputy Director of Lishui Finance Bureau

Chen Yuebo, Vice Chairman of liandu CPPCC

Ye Zhaojun Director of Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau Office

Li Xinhua Member of the Party Group and Director of the Office of Lishui Civil Affairs Bureau

Cai Zhubin Director, Real Estate Market Supervision Department, Lishui Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau

Pan Jingjie Senior Engineer of Lishui Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau

Wu Changping Director of Resettlement Management Department of Lishui Land and Housing Expropriation Research Guidance Center

Bu Guangfu Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Wanxiang Street, liandu

2. Class III (42 people).

Fu Daixing, Second Investigator of Lishui Audit Bureau

Ye Jianguang Deputy Secretary-General of Lishui Municipal Government

Wei Rongkun, Deputy Director of Lishui Municipal Committee Network Office

Deputy Director, Research and Guidance Center for Land and Housing Expropriation, Lishui City, Zhang Xiaohong (presiding)

Yu Haixiong, Vice Chairman of liandu CPPCC

Rao Junfei, Grade 4 Investigator of directly under the authority Working Committee of Lishui Municipal Committee.

Zheng Jinkang, Grade IV Investigator of Lishui Emergency Management Bureau

Fan Guanman, Grade 4 Investigator, Lishui Natural Resources and Planning Bureau

Cai Linhai, Vice President of Lishui Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Land Survey, Surveying and Mapping Planning Institute

Liying Lishui Agriculture and Rural Bureau Breeding and Agricultural Mechanization Department (Animal Health

Director (director) of supervision office

Chen Lisen, second-level director of Lishui Construction Bureau

Zhou Miaosen, second-level director of Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Tao Rongmin, deputy captain and second-level director of Yanquan Law Enforcement Team of Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Wu Songsong Minister of Economic Security Legal Work Department of Lishui City Federation of Trade Unions

First-class member of Audit Department of Lishui Financial Treasury Payment Center, Xu Lingling

Wu Wei, Senior Director of Lishui Social and Economic Investigation Team.

Wang Pinwei, Director of liandu Municipal People’s Congress Law Committee

Lan Weiyan, Deputy Director of the Office of the Standing Committee of liandu Municipal People’s Congress

Ma Yimin, Deputy Director of liandu Municipal People’s Congress Financial and Economic Committee

Lan Linyu, Deputy Director of liandu Municipal People’s Congress Social Construction Committee

Wang Weirong, Vice Chairman of the Financial and Economic Committee of liandu Municipal People’s Congress

Ye Guanjun, Deputy Director of liandu Government Office

Li Hao Director of Baiyun Police Station, liandu Branch of Lishui Public Security Bureau

Fan Xiujuan, Deputy Director of the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres of Liandu District Committee

Jiang Jianwei, Director of Health Testing and Evaluation Center of liandu Health Bureau.

Liang Congnv, second-level director of liandu Women’s Federation

Ye Xiaoli Deputy Chief, Public Administration Section, liandu Administrative Service Center

Ye Liu Jun, Party Secretary and Director of liandu Collection Guidance Center

Wang Fengyuan, Chief of Land Expropriation Management Section, liandu Expropriation Guidance Center

Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Yanquan Street, liandu City, Zhou Yajun

Jin Yilin Deputy Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Yanquan Street, liandu

Deputy Secretary and Director of the Office of the Party Working Committee of Zijin Street, liandu City, Li Weijun

Shu Lihong Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Baiyun Street, liandu

Deputy Director, Baiyun Sub-district Office, liandu City, Liu Jinping

Fu Hua, Director of liandu Wanxiang Sub-district Office

Wang Yongjian, Deputy Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Vientiane Street, liandu, and the third-level director.

Guo Yuwei, Deputy Director of liandu Wanxiang Sub-district Office

Zhao Ji Director of the People’s Congress Working Committee of Liancheng Street, liandu

Wu Chaoyong, Executive Deputy Director of liandu Liancheng Sub-district Office

Ying Yongsheng, Chairman of the People’s Congress of Laozhu Shezu Town, liandu

Yang Yaowu, Chairman of People’s Congress of Yaxi Town, liandu

Yang Weili liandu Ecological Forestry Development Center Liancheng Forestry Work Central Station Cadre

3. Awards (100 persons).

Blue Party B is a cadre of the Development Research Office of Lishui Municipal Committee

Chen Gang, Director of Comprehensive Seventh Division of Lishui Municipal Government Office

Ye Dong Deputy Director of Lishui Land and Housing Expropriation Research and Guidance Center

He Yuewu Director, Political and Legal Teaching and Research Section, Lishui Municipal Party School

Wu Jinhua, Vice President of Administrative Court of Lishui Intermediate People’s Court

Ding Jiawei, the third-level director of Lishui Municipal Bureau of Justice

Wang Songshan, the third-level director of the Administrative Law Enforcement Supervision Department of Lishui Municipal Bureau of Justice

Houlinlin Lishui Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau Termite Prevention and Treatment Station Cadres

Luo Qiwen, Senior Investigator of Yanquan Law Enforcement Team, Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Deputy captain and second-level director of Baiyun Law Enforcement Team of Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau, Zhou Zhikai

Ji Wei Captain of Vientiane Law Enforcement Team of Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Huang Yinghua, second-level director of Vientiane Law Enforcement Team, Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Yao Rongli, second-level director of Vientiane Law Enforcement Team, Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Ye Qingyou, Captain of Liancheng Law Enforcement Team of Lishui Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau

Director, Use Control Division, Lishui Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Liu Zhenhai

Chen Yongchun Deputy Director of Real Estate Registration Center of Lishui Natural Resources and Planning Bureau

Lan Chengyong, deputy captain and second-level director of Lishui Natural Resources Administrative Law Enforcement Team

Director of Liancheng Institute of Natural Resources, Liandu Branch of Lishui Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Liu Zhihui

Hu Zhengyuan, Chief Financial Officer of Lishui Financial Supervision and Management Center

Shi Jianlu, a retired cadre of Lishui Municipal Committee of Zhejiang Province, China Education Union.

Liu Bijun, Deputy Director, Market Contract Department, Lishui Municipal Market Supervision Administration

Li Yi, Deputy Director of Lishui Market Development Service Center

Huang Yifan Director, Financial Development Division, Lishui Financial Office

Ying Xiaoli Director of Lishui International Investment Promotion Center

He Aimei, second-level director of Lishui Medical Insurance Service Center

Li Haifeng, section chief and second-level chief of supervision department of Lishui labor security supervision detachment

He Jinxun Senior Engineer, Lishui Ecological Forestry Development Center

Jie Deming, second-level director of Lishui Water Conservancy Bureau

Cadres of Lishui Transportation Bureau, Wang Xiaojun

Fu Peiwu, second-level director of Lishui Traffic and Transportation Law Enforcement Team

Cadres of Lishui Disabled Persons’ Federation in Liu Jianyong

Liu Junguang Deputy Chief, Dispatching Section, Official Car Service Center, Lishui Municipal Authority

Lei Dongrong, cadre and chief editor of the editorial office of Lishui Radio and Television General Station

Lan Wu Peng Lishui Daily Staff

Ye Hanming, engineer of Lishui City Construction Investment Co., Ltd.

Zhu Yinyou Employees of Lishui Agricultural Investment Development Co., Ltd.

Peng Cong Deputy Director of Landscaping Department of Lishui Water Conservancy Project Operation Management Co., Ltd.

Sang Xiaoming, Deputy Director of the Working Committee of CPPCC members in liandu (retain the official level)

Lin Zhengke, deputy head of the liandu Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision in the sixth group.

Ye Yongwei Director of Zijin Police Station, liandu Branch of Lishui Public Security Bureau

Zhu Zhihua Instructor of Wanxiang Police Station of liandu Branch of Lishui Public Security Bureau

Ding Feijun Director of Liancheng Police Station of liandu Branch of Lishui Public Security Bureau

Weng Wenhui First-class Sheriff of Tianning Police Station, liandu Branch of Lishui Public Security Bureau

Zeng Zhaojun Lishui City Public Security Bureau liandu Branch Yanquan Police Station

Lu Tufa, the first-level director of liandu Justice Bureau.

Zheng Lin Tu liandu Civil Affairs Bureau level 4 researcher.

Zhang Xiaojing, Principal of Social Affairs Section of liandu Civil Affairs Bureau

Liang Bo, Chief, Policy and Regulation Section, liandu Human Resources and Social Security Bureau

Xie Chunlian, cadre of liandu Human Resources and Social Security Bureau

Huangfei Liandu District Committee Organizing Cadres

Yu Yonghong, cadre of liandu Education Bureau

Zhu Feng, cadre of liandu Education Bureau

Liu Xudong, cadre of liandu Education Safety Management Guidance Center

Hu Aijun, the first-level director of liandu Finance Bureau

Lin Yishu, first-class clerk of liandu Finance Treasury Payment Center.

Pan Linming, cadre of liandu Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau

Shang Yawei, Chief of Cadastral Management Section and Second-level Chief of liandu Natural Resources and Planning Branch.

Xu Huanhua, Chief, Housing Expropriation Management Section, liandu Land and Housing Expropriation Guidance Center

Ye Xin, Chief, Comprehensive Section, liandu Land and House Expropriation Guidance Center

Gao Heping liandu Land and House Expropriation Work Guidance Center Cadres

Cadre of Zhang Liping liandu Land and House Expropriation Work Guidance Center

Wu Jianmei, Senior Engineer, liandu Agriculture and Rural Bureau

Yinglinhuo Senior Agronomist, liandu Agriculture and Rural Bureau

Zhao Yulian, Senior Agronomist, liandu Agriculture and Rural Bureau

Hong Qiangxiong, engineer of Liandu Forest Farm, liandu Ecological Forestry Development Center.

Yong Tao Engineer of liandu Chengdong Water Conservancy Service Center Station

Zhu Jianyong, Deputy Director of liandu Veterans Affairs Bureau

Zeng Zhaoyong, First-level Director of liandu Immigration Work Center

Cadres of Wenguang Tourism and Sports Bureau in liandu City, Zhang Wenjun

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Mei Dongbo, First Class Member of Zhejiang Lishui Industrial Park Management Committee

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Academic scholar Li Weiwen: the whole story of the reconstruction plan of Beijing ancestral temple in Jiajing Dynasty of Ming Dynasty

Academic Scholar Li Weiwen: The Original Journal of Li Weiwen’s Architectural History from the Beginning to the End of the Reconstruction Plan of Beijing Ancestral Temple in Jiajing Dynasty of Ming Dynasty

In the tenth year of Jiajing (1531), Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty initiated a reform of the ancestral temple system in Beijing, aiming at transforming the pattern of different rooms in the same room into the pattern of different halls in the capital. As an engineering decision-maker, Ming Shizong personally formulated the planning principles, and his assistant team submitted several rounds of design schemes and accepted the examination and approval of the emperor, which finally deepened the design scheme and practice of Nine Temples, which was recorded in history. This process was recorded in detail by Xia Yan, a courtier, which not only helps to deepen the understanding of the evolution of the ancestral temple in Beijing, but also helps to understand the operation mode of ancient architectural projects in China and the role of architects.

Ming jiajing dynasty Beijing ancestral temple

The whole process of reconstruction planning scheme generation

Li weiwen

After Zhu Houzong (hereinafter referred to as Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty) ascended the pole, a series of national sacrificial rites reforms were launched, and the altar and temple facilities in Beijing were completely transformed. After Zuo Shunmen’s incident, the results of the big ceremony for his biological father (Xing Xian Di) God gradually stabilized, but Ming Shizong was always unwilling that the ancestral temple (Figure 1) failed to make a better temple system. The reform of the temple system in the later stage of Shizong in Ming Dynasty can be regarded as the continuation of the great ceremony in depth.

Figure 1 The plane state of Beijing ancestral temple in 1942.

The controversy over the ritual system is not the only obstacle for Ming Shizong to practice his personal temple system. On the specific renovation planning of the ancestral temple complex, Ming Shizong also felt a considerable obstacle, that is, as he said, "it is difficult to make the temple system more correct." In order to change the temple system, Ming Shizong launched a far-reaching action. The final result of this action was the completion of the Jiumiao complex at the end of the 15th year of Jiajing (1536) and the implementation of the new memorial ceremony. Until the 20th year of Jiajing (1541), the pattern of Jiumiao was destroyed by fire, which constituted a short and compact chapter in the history of Beijing ancestral temple (Figure 2). Yan Kai has basically combed this process in his thesis "Research on the Architecture of Beijing Ancestral Temple". However, the transformation of the ancestral temple from the original regulation of different rooms in the same room to the pattern of different halls in the same palace did not happen overnight, but it went through repeated planning and many scheme adjustments for quite a period of time. The gradual deepening of this series of architectural schemes was recorded in detail in the script of the participants such as Xia Yan, the assistant minister. Through these historical records, this paper attempts to restore the formation process of the planning and design scheme of the nine temples in Jiajing, Ming Dynasty, and to get a glimpse of the decision-making operation in the planning and design of national architecture in Ming Dynasty.

Fig. 2 Restoration performance diagram of Jiajing ancestral temple reconstruction design

Determination of planning conditions and Zhao Shanming’s scheme

As early as a few years before Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty really started to promote the reconstruction of the ancestral temple, he had revealed his plan to transform the ancestral temple into a palace hall on many occasions. One of the earliest times was a duet recorded by Li Shi in his "South City Calling Couples". Li Shi didn’t record the specific time of the dialogue, but according to Xia Yan’s record of the same performance in his book "Taking into account the ancient and modern temple system, begging for clarity and breaking the sparse", it can be known that it happened in November of Jiajing Decade (1531). In this dialogue, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty raised the concern that "the ceremony of worshipping a hundred gods in the suburbs is correct, but the ceremony of the ancestral temple is not perfect", and cited the story of Ming Taizu’s establishment of the four-parent temple, advocating the transformation of the ancestral temple into the form of a palace. However, the attitude of several ministers is very cautious. On behalf of several ministers, Li Shi first expressed the attitude that "the ceremony of nine temples is impossible". This attitude is not only considered from the perspective of etiquette, but also involves the time and physical strength required for the emperor to worship the nine temples. However, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty did not elaborate or defend the connotation of the ritual system of the Nine Temples, but directly made a statement on his idea of transforming the ancestral temple: "I want to stay in the main hall. It is said: it is good not to move the hall. When I was a minister, I said, Don’t you move the bedroom? Above, they said, "None of the three halls will move.".

Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty explained the basic planning conditions for the reconstruction of the ancestral temple to his closest officials, which actually explained the overall scale of the project and the disturbance degree to the main building of the existing ancestral temple. By determining the first principle that the three halls of the ancestral temple should not be demolished and rebuilt, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty hoped to dispel his officials’ doubts about the nature of the project and gain their support. In the dialogue, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty denied Xia Yan’s solution of temporary structures, and determined the permanent architectural nature of the project. By promising the planning principle of "don’t have to fit the ancient" and "don’t move the main hall, only use two temples ….. only have its meaning", the upper limit of the total project is explained, which dispels the exaggerated imagination and worry of the liegeman about the concept of "all palaces and separate halls". As a result, Xia Yan and others’ attitudes were obviously eased. "At first, I saw the sacred worry … the three halls did not move, and things were easy." A design team began to form.

Nevertheless, the Dugong Biedian is still a vague concept of etiquette, leaving a lot of room for specific architectural forms. The so-called Nine Temples can be nine groups of buildings with similar scale (such as the Nine Temples of Wangmang) or a complex with clear priorities, and the ritual connotations of these possibilities are different. After this performance, Xia Yan put forward two obstacles for the ministers to make the plan of the Nine Temples. First, the ancient ceremony required Zhao Muqun Temple to be in the south of the ancestral temple, but the land south of the ancestral temple was not plentiful: "If the temple of three Zhao and three Mu was in front of the ancestral temple according to the ancient system, it would be very far from the south of the imperial palace to the Chengtianmen wall. Even if you do your best to build a group of temples, you will be afraid of the situation. " Secondly, the scale of Zhaomu temples in ancient rituals is imitated as ancestral temples or only slightly increased or decreased. If such a design is adopted, the shortage of land will be aggravated. However, if the scale is reduced to the extent that the existing land can be accommodated, it is not appropriate in the ritual system: "The ancients had seven temples and nine temples, and the system was the same. The structure of the ancestral temple is extremely grand and strong, and the temples in the group are humble, so I am afraid it is not called the residence of the nine temples before my death. " The solution of these two contradictions runs through the whole project planning.

In the 11th year of Jiajing (1532), Zhao Shanming, an experienced officer of the Chinese army, introduced the reconstruction scheme of the ancestral temple (numbered scheme I in this article), and Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty ordered the auxiliary ministers to evaluate the scheme. On March 12th of that year, Xia Yan refuted Zhao Shanming’s visit to the temple in his book Refuting the Experience of Zhao Shanming’s Temple, directly questioning Zhao Shanming’s "lack of etiquette". Surveying and mapping the ancestral temple without permission, "measuring refers to painting" and "things are good at drawing". However, since Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty ordered Xia Yan and others to evaluate Zhao Shanming’s proposal, it shows that he is interested in the proposal and at least agrees with some of its ideas. Therefore, Zhao Shanming’s plan can be regarded as the first conceptual plan for the transformation of the ancestral temple.

Zhao Shanming first emphasized in his recitation that his plan followed the planning principle defined by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, and that "the ancestral temple, the second bedroom temple and the Golden Gate were all untouched". The main points of its plan are as follows:

Expand the whole land of the ancestral temple and push out the existing ancestral temple wall to the four sides. The east wall of the expanded ancestral temple is close to the west wall of the World Temple, leaving five feet between them, and the existing river channel between the ancestral temple and the World Temple is changed into a culvert; The north wall is in line with the north wall of the World Temple; The western wall reaches the corridor along the front line of the end gate and the noon gate, leaving five feet behind; The south wall reaches the imperial city wall on the east side of Chengtianmen, leaving five feet with it. The five-foot gap left in the above three directions will form a "U"-shaped carriageway. The expanded land for the ancestral temple completely occupies the area east of Liuke Gallery, south of Tongzi River and west of the World Temple, which will basically occupy the existing pine and Berlin.

Due to the external expansion of the walls of the ancestral temple, the main courtyard of the ancestral temple will be independent from the center of the land. Taizong Temple and Sanzhao Temple are arranged on its east side, and Sanmu Temple is arranged on its west side, with a total of seven groups of buildings. Zhao Shanming demarcated each group of construction land as 30 feet deep and 28 feet wide, and reserved tunnels in between. According to its own calculation, except for Taizong Temple, Sanzhao and Sanmu are arranged from the new south wall of Taizong Temple to the north, with a total depth of 95.4 zhangs, and its land use is the same as the southern edge of the pedestal of Taizong Temple. The World Temple maintains the status quo (Figure 3).

Fig. 3 The idealization of Scheme I refuted in Xia Yan’s recitation on March 12th, 11th year of Jiajing (1532) in Gui Zhou Recital.

Left: there are both ancestral temples; Right: Planning the ancestral temple

It should be noted that Zhao Shanming’s reconnaissance and design work are all his personal behaviors, and his grasp of the overall scale of the ancestral temple is quite biased. If, according to the real scale of the ancestral temple area, the wall branch is expanded as planned, the central building complex of the ancestral temple will not be in the middle of the area, but will be slightly west. It is also difficult to realize the scale of the group temples designed by Zhao Shanming. Once arranged, it will completely fill the space on both sides of the ancestral temple, especially on the narrow west side. If a group of temples are arranged with a width of 28 feet, it will not meet the 5-foot-wide imperial road in the temple street gate reserved in Zhao Shanming’s plan. Therefore, the performance in Figure 3 of this paper has made some adjustments to the scale of the group temples, and the size of the group temples in the figure is slightly smaller than the data given by Zhao Shanming to reflect the original intention of the scheme.

In addition, Zhao Shanming’s plan also involves a number of environmental adjustments, including using the existing rocks in the pine forest of Taimiao, "after moving to the World Temple, fill the river and fill it up, and grow more pines and cypresses to protect the Xuanwu side"; Plant more flowers and trees in front of the ancestral temple. With regard to the material raising for the project implementation, the scheme even puts forward the idea of designing the large wooden structure in advance and sending it to the southern provinces to deliver the large wooden components to Beijing after production, which is quite imaginative. However, all these proposals were refuted by Xia Yan. Xia Yan only affirmed Zhao Shanming’s proposal that Taizong and Shimin temples should not enter Zhaomu and remain immortal out of his observation of the original intention of Ming Shizong’s ritual painting.

Looking at Zhao Shanming’s plan, its overall idea basically meets the planning conditions proposed by Ming Shizong, but its planned area for Zhaomu Temple is too large, and the existing trees are cut down too much, which does not reflect the original intention of Ming Shizong to accommodate new buildings only in two spaces. In addition, its scheme only affirmed the immovable status of the World Temple from the ritual system, but did not give an architectural solution, which could not satisfy the selfishness that Ming Shizong did not point out, which was an important weakness of the scheme.

The deepening of Zhao Shanming’s plan and the plan of Jiumiao Dugong

After Xia Yan’s criticism, Zhao Shanming’s plan was also rejected by Ming Shizong. But soon, on the second day of April in the 11th year of Jiajing (1532), Xia Yan went to the book "Rules and Regulations on Building a Ancestral Temple in Jincheng" and introduced two improvement schemes with several courtiers and internal supervisors, which showed that Zhao Shanming’s proposal really extended the discussion on the temple system for some time.

Xia Yan mentioned in this lecture that after the personnel who participated in the engineering design made a reconnaissance of the ancestral temple, a plan for expanding the outer wall of the ancestral temple in three directions (scheme II in this paper) was briefly put forward. In fact, this plan is very close to the idea of Zhao Shanming’s plan, that is, expanding the land for the ancestral temple to accommodate the group of temples, but the scale of this expansion is far smaller than that of Zhao Shanming’s plan, and it is still basically controlled outside the two temples of the existing ancestral temple (Figure 4). The biggest adjustment of Zhao Shanming’s scheme in Scheme II is to give up the idea of trying to strictly control the land of Zhaomu Temple in the south of the existing ancestral temple according to ancient rites, thus greatly alleviating the land shortage on the south side of the ancestral temple in Zhao Shanming’s scheme. The scale and arrangement of the group temples were not mentioned in the recital, but we can see that the total depth of each group temple in the east and west still exceeds the existing ancestral temple land, and the purpose of expanding the south wall is to form a new capital palace to match the total depth of the group temples. However, it is not stated in the recitation whether the Taizong Temple, the ancestral hall of Wenzu, is also included in the scope of the capital palace.

Fig. 4 Scheme II mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the second day of April in the 11th year of Jiajing (1532) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

It is recorded in the notes that this design has undergone a new adjustment, forming another scheme (scheme ⅲ in this paper), that is, the east-west wall remains completely intact, and only the width of two gaps is used to accommodate the Zhaomu Temple; The south wall is still spreading to the south, but to a lesser extent: "There is no need to spread the east and west walls, but only 14 feet and 4 feet in the wall divided by 20 feet and 9 feet as the royal road, 11 feet and 5 feet as the width of the temple, and 22 feet and 5 feet as the depth of the temple … The temple gate wall only spreads to the south by 80 feet and 8 feet".

In this scheme, each group of Zhaomu temples is arranged vertically, and two royal roads connecting the temples run through from the inside, forming a ∩-shaped passage with the tunnel between the back wall and the back wall of the temple. According to the design of 8.8-foot south extension of the south wall of Taimiao in this plan, Taizong Temple has been clearly incorporated into Dugong at this time: expanding the south wall by 8.8-foot on the basis of the total depth of 81.2-foot of Taimiao will form a Dugong with a depth of 90-foot, and the hatchback can just accommodate four temples adjacent to the north and south with a depth of 22.5-foot (Figure 5). The planning of Jiumiao Dugong was thus formed.

Fig. 5 Scheme III mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the second day of April in the 11th year of Jiajing (1532) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

This plan has not involved the architectural design of each temple in detail, but only mentioned that "each temple will only build a main hall with five rooms" and there is no sleeping hall. It shows that the officials who participated in the design at this time have fully understood the instruction of Ming Shizong about the design of group temples, and no longer pursue the perfection of regulation and the far-reaching scale. At this point, the feasible factors in Zhao Shanming’s scheme have been basically extracted, while his exaggerated assumption on the scale of land use has been abandoned. However, for this deepening plan, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty only approved "Stop", and the reconstruction of the ancestral temple was put on hold for some time. Perhaps this is still due to the controversy over the connotation of the ritual system.

On September 8th, 13th year of Jiajing (1534), Xia Yan and others were ordered to visit the ancestral temple again, and a new round of design began. The origin of this design was the disaster of the ancestral temple in Nanjing, which was interpreted by Xia Yan and others as the auspicious feeling that ancestors expected the new temple system, which made Ming Shizong make up his mind. Xia Yan quoted the architectural design scheme of a group of temples personally put forward by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty in his Regulation of Seven Temples at the Order, that is, "the system does not need to go far from the front and back temples, that is, the front hall has five rooms, the tiger seat is backward, and three rooms are connected to the dormitory from Zhangyu, which is also righteous." The reason why Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty took the lead in guiding the design of the buildings of the ancestral temples when the overall pattern of the renovation was not yet determined was that on the one hand, he insisted that the regulations of the temples still needed to be complete, denying the simple design of each temple with only one main hall, on the other hand, he restricted the occupation scale of the newly-built temples, further reducing the impact on the existing pattern of the ancestral temples.

Fig. 6 Scheme IV mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the eighth day of September in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

According to Xia Yan’s recitation, "It was originally planned that the regulations of the temples would reach the south wall of the ancestral temple, then the east and west temple walls would go out before the Jimen Gate of the ancestral temple, and there would be obstacles in the kitchen of the Shenku". It can be seen that there was still an intermediate scheme (scheme IV in this article) between the eleventh year of Jiajing (1532) and this new discussion in the thirteenth year of Jiajing (1534). In this scheme with unknown formulation time, the south wall of Taimiao does not expand to the south, indicating that the total size of the temples has been reduced again. However, the land for Zhaomuqun Temple will still stand out from the south of Jimen Line, "reaching the south wall of Taimiao". The design of the extended hatchback, such as schemes III and IV, will lead to the narrowing of the square between the Jimen Gate and the Liulimen Gate of the Imperial Temple, and at the same time, it is necessary to move the Shenku Shenchu and Jingting (Figure 6). These problems may be the reason why Ming Shizong personally restricted the scale of the main buildings of various temples in September, 13th year of Jiajing (1534). Under the new guidance, the area occupied by the temples in the group can continue to shrink, and the southernmost part "merges with the side door of the ancestral temple gate, and the straight north back wall merges with the ancestral temple temple", and a new scheme of "solemn potential" (scheme V in this paper) can be formed. From then on, all the designs that caused the uneven parts of the land or the need to move the wall were put an end to.

Fig. 7 Plan V mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the eighth day of September in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

The plane pattern logic of scheme V is completely the same as that of the later implementation. Compared with the above-mentioned schemes, the difference between them and schemes I, II and III is that the four external walls are not expanded; The difference with Scheme IV is that the inner wall does not move, while the new wall strictly follows the extension line of the existing frame. In the new scheme, the scale of each temple group is equal, the depth is 16.15 feet, and the total depth of the temples group is 64.6 feet. This value is completely consistent with the distance between the existing halberd gate and the back wall of the temple (that is, the total depth of the two gaps is 67.5 zhangs minus the width of the tunnel behind the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple Scheme V was finally approved by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, and the reconstruction project of Taimiao entered the preparatory stage of the project. It is expected to start in the spring of the 14th year of Jiajing (1535). At this point, all the intentions of the Ming Shizong to transform the ancestral temple into a palace hall have been implemented in the planning, but another important intention of the Ming Shizong to initiate the temple system reform, that is, the relocation of the temple, has not been reflected in the above design process.

Moving in and Design of the World Temple

According to the Regulation of the World Temple on the 8th day of February in the 14th year of Jiajing (1535) included in Gui Zhou Memorial, it seems that the idea of the moving in and specific regulation of the World Temple in Ming Shizong started a little late, more like a parallel project with the transformation of the Imperial Temple Palace. Some studies believe that in the design of the Imperial Palace of Taimiao, there are four groups of buildings, namely ShiShi Temple and Sanzhao Temple, on the left, while Sanmu Temple is on the right. The land opposite to ShiShi Temple may be the location reserved by Shizong in Ming Dynasty for Ruizong. But in fact, in the paintings of the ancestral temple of Shizong in the Ming Dynasty, the temple was always the capital palace for itself. At this stage, there was no attempt to merge the God of Ruizong into the capital palace of Taimiao. In terms of etiquette, even after the reign of Emperor Ruizong in the 17th year of Jiajing (1538), there was at most a dispute with the ranking of Wu Zong, and there was no reason to directly override the three Mu. From the architectural point of view, the existing temple at that time occupied a large area, and its main building was regulated according to the Wenhua Temple ("In the east of the brick city, within the imperial city, the south city is as far north as possible or a temple is set up in the east. The porch of the bedroom door behind the front hall is like the Wenhua Hall "), which is much larger than the planned Zhaomu Temple in the Imperial Palace and the planned Wenzu World Room. If we must move into the extremely cramped space of the Imperial Temple Palace, it will inevitably lead to a situation that the regulation of the new world temple is not as good as that of the existing one, which is absolutely unacceptable to Ming Shizong. Therefore, the hypothesis that the virtual master treats the Rui Sect is debatable.

The early planning of the New World Temple is not recorded in the literature. By the time Xia Yan published "Rules and Regulations on the Temple of the World" in the 14th year of Jiajing (1535), the design of the World Temple had actually begun. According to the imperial edict of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, "The World Temple proposed by Qing et al. yesterday was regulated in the east of Taimiao, and trees could not be moved", indicating that the World Temple was originally located on the land adjacent to the east side of Taimiao Dugong. For the sake of cutting down trees as little as possible, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty finally chose Xinshi Temple as "a wide place in the southeast of the ancestral temple … which stops at Shenshen Road in the north and reaches the east wall of Chengtianmen in the south, with a total length of 63 feet and 3 feet". However, the Xinshi Temple is not adjacent to the Great Wall of the Imperial City, but only occupies the northern part of the land: "The depth of the north and south … is 35 feet and 9 inches, and the width of the temple street in the south is 27 feet and 4 feet". In this way, the Xinshi Temple is actually embedded in the gap between the Imperial Palace and the east channel of the Imperial Temple, and its overall pattern is not plentiful (Figure 8). In the 22nd year of Jiajing (1543), the Imperial Palace was destroyed by fire. After a site survey, Yan Song made a more detailed description of the site selection pattern of the surviving Xinshi Temple (then known as Ruimiao Temple), saying that "another waist wall outside the east wall of Ruimiao Temple is near the deep ditch. This ditch is the way for the inner imperial city to pass water … It is found that the base of the old temple is more than 63 feet across, and now the ground is added to the ditch in the east wall, which stops at 19 feet. " It is conceivable that the New World Temple, which is only 19 feet wide, is arranged in this gap, and its width is 17 feet wide.

Fig. 8 The site selection data of the World Temple mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the eighth day of February in the 14th year of Jiajing (1535).

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

It is further pointed out in "Rules and Regulations on the Temple of the World" that the original design of the Temple of the World was "nine front halls, seven rear bedrooms … seven in front of them … seven in back … five in back … five in halberds … and its rules and regulations are almost the same as those of the ancestral temple. Considering the narrow scale of the land used for the New World Temple, this design may mean a particularly compact opening rhythm (this compact opening rhythm to ensure the number of rooms can be seen in the Jingdechong Temple, the imperial temple in Beijing, which was also created for the ritual system of Jiajing Dynasty). Why this design was finally abandoned has not been mentioned in the literature.

The regulation of the architecture of Xinshi Temple was finally determined as seven front halls, five rear bedrooms, five front two bedrooms, three rear two bedrooms and five halberds. The specific scale of each single building is attached with pictures, but unfortunately it has not been handed down from generation to generation. After that, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty said that "the height of the temple should be adjusted from now on, and the rest should be adjusted according to the plan", which seems to have been adjusted in detail. Only the follow-up information has not been published in the literature.

Strengthening the regulation of Taizong temple and the architectural design of each temple

Before the actual construction of Jiumiao Dugong, its design underwent another adjustment, the main purpose of which was to increase the temple regulation of Taizong Temple and make it different from Zhaomu Temple. In Reconsidering the Rules and Regulations of Seven Temples in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), Xia Yan introduced a fine-tuning scheme, trying to heighten the Taizong Temple without changing the established graphic design of the scheme. Generally speaking, there are many ways to improve the design height of a temple, and the height can be found on the abutment, column height, paving layer and roof elevation. However, the lifting height of the large wooden structure is generally limited by the depth ratio of the temple, and it is impossible to increase it arbitrarily. In the graphic design scheme of Taizong Temple, which covers the same area as Zhaomu Temple, "because the base site is the same, it is difficult to worship Dongyu". In this fine-tuning scheme, the front hall and the sleeping hall of Taizong Temple are barely one foot, four inches, five minutes and five inches higher than those of the group temples. This symbolic increase is difficult to observe with the naked eye in the Jiumiao complex with high building density.

Fig. 9 Scheme VI mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on October 23rd, 13th year of Jiajing (1534) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

Therefore, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty immediately requested that "the imperial ancestor Taizong’s family room should be added again". Therefore, Xia Yan and others decided to adjust the plane pattern of Jiumiao building complex again, expand the scale of Taizong Temple, reduce the depth of the temple group from 16.15 feet in the plan to 16 feet, and merge the vacated space into the land for Taizong Temple, so that the depth of Taizong Temple reached 16.6 feet, providing space for the worship of the temple. After the above adjustments, this version of the floor plan (numbered scheme ⅵ in this paper) was finally determined as the implementation scheme of Jiumiao Dugong (Figure 9).

After this adjustment, the temple regulation of Taizong Temple was finally able to distance itself from Zhaomu Temple. The increasing degree of the design data of the single hall of Taizong Temple mentioned in the recitation can also reverse the design scale of the group temple buildings, which is summarized in Table 1:

Table 1 The design data of Taizong Temple mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on October 23rd, 13th year of Jiajing (1534) and the design data of each group of temples deduced from it.

palace hall

Wide face (Zhang)

Depth (Zhang)

Tonggao (Zhang)

Taizong temple front hall

7.759

4.009

5.495

Qunmiao qiandian

7.59

3.759

5.05

Taizong temple sleeping hall

6.009

2.395

3.575

Qunmiao rest hall

5.84

2.259

3.375

Through site adjustment, the height of the front hall of Taizong Temple is 0.445 m higher than that of Zhaomuqun Temple, and the height added on the abutment is 0.1 m, which shows that the height added on the wooden structure or tile is 0.345 m.. The height of the sleeping hall of the world room is 0.2 zhangs higher than that of the sleeping hall of Zhaomuqun Temple, and the height added on the abutment is 0.1 zhangs, which shows that the height added on the wooden structure or tile is also 0.1 zhangs.

With the actual progress of the reconstruction project, Xia Yan further detailed the dimensions of the Ming rooms in front of each temple in his "Sketch of the Regulation of Objects in Jincheng Ancestral Temple" on the third day of August in the 14th year of Jiajing (1534). These data are helpful to further restore the architectural design in the new temple system (Figure 10).

Fig. 10 Scale summary diagram of newly-built temples and courtyards in Gui Zhou Memorial and its pattern restoration hypothesis.

According to the architectural pattern design of the temples put forward by Ming Shizong in September of the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), "There are five front halls, with the tiger seats backward, and three bedrooms are connected after the zhangs". It is speculated that in the final implementation plan of the transformation of the ancestral temple, both the ancestral temple and the Zhaomuqun temple are only the front halls and the rear bedrooms, and there are no two guards and halberds. As for the tiger-seat eaves behind the front hall, it is a common practice in temples and ritual buildings in the Ming Dynasty, and it should be as wide as the Ming Dynasty, but its exact depth has not been recorded in the literature. In Figure 10, the images are expressed by dotted lines. The scale of the World Temple is longer than that of other newly-built temples to accommodate the Jimen and the two temples, and its overall pattern is similar to that of the main courtyard of the Imperial Temple. The width and height of the front and rear halls of the World Temple are not recorded in Gui Zhou Recital, but it can be seen from the Sketch of the Regulation of Objects in Jincheng Ancestral Temple that the scale and depth of the Ming Dynasty (the "depth of the Ming Dynasty" recorded in this sketch is actually the total depth of the building) are obviously larger than those of Taizong Temple and Zhaomu Temple.

With regard to the architectural design of the temples and bedrooms, except for the World Temple, given that the front halls of each group of temples are five rooms wide, according to the common practice of temples in the Ming Dynasty, if the other rooms have equal spans, the dimensions of other rooms of these buildings can be calculated from the Ming Dynasty. With reference to the architectural examples of the Ming Dynasty and the existing buildings of the ancestral temple, on the premise that the existing single building of the ancestral temple complex has a saving distance of no more than 11 doukou, assuming that the saving distance of the newly-built temples is 11 doukou, it can be further inferred that the materials used are as shown in Table 2:

Table 2 Speculation on the Ming scale and timber scale of newly-built temples

build

bay

Width (feet)

Presumptive saving equivalent number

Calculate the saving distance (feet)

Estimated bucket mouth value (inch)

Estimated design bucket mouth value (inch)

Taizong temple front hall

Mingjian

23.59

seven

3.37

3.064

three

Other rooms

13.5 (Extrapolation)

four

3.375

3.068

Qunmiao qiandian

Mingjian

22.9

seven

3.271

2.974

three

Other rooms

13.25 (calculation)

four

3.3125

3.011

Shimiaoqiandian

Mingjian

25

seven

3.571

3.247

3.25

The regulation of sleeping halls in newly-built temples is rarely recorded in the literature, and there is no data on the scale of Ming Dynasty. However, considering the design rules of the building complex, its materials should be the same as the corresponding front hall. At present, each single building on the central axis of the ancestral temple is 4 inches, and the newly built temples adopt smaller buckets, which is also consistent with the intention of "respecting the ancestors" in Jiumiao Dugong. The width and depth of each hall are all zero, especially ending with nine points and nine inches. In addition to the auspicious factors, it is likely to include the consideration of the side feet of eaves columns in order to obtain a more complete size in the paving layer and roof.

Fig. 11 Presumption on the standing of the front and back temples of Jiajing Taizong Temple (World Room)

The literature does not specify the height of each temple abutment and the roof shape, and this paper does not focus on restoring the single building shape of each temple. Generally speaking, judging from the ratio of the height to the depth, the front hall of Taizong Temple and the front halls of all temples should be double eaves, otherwise the roof height or abutment height will be too high. In the Ming Dynasty, the proportion of halls and halls was wide and flat, and in extreme cases, the height of eaves and columns could only reach about 60% of the width of rooms and halls. Assuming the front hall of the Temple of Etai, the eaves column is about 14.16 feet high, and the height of the golden column is about 26.9 feet if calculated by 1.9 times the eaves column. Assuming that the depth of the front hall of Taizong Temple is 4.009 feet, the depth of the secondary steps accounts for two distances before and after, and the upper eaves are paved with seven steps and a single elevation, the depth of the upper eaves is about 2.673 feet. According to the roof height of 3: 1 and the abutment height of 6 feet, a draft design of side vertical sample can be obtained (Figure 11). Considering the height of the ridge tiles of the temple, the height of the temple can basically be consistent with the ruler contained in the literature, and the proportion is reasonable.

On the national etiquette system from the perspective of the nine temples project

Decision-making and planning principles of buildings

The design process of Jiajing’s renovation of ancestral temple revealed some renovation principles of large-scale buildings such as national altar temple in Ming Dynasty. The graphic design of national large-scale buildings in Ming Dynasty followed a series of laws of scale and proportion, which was discussed in detail by Mr. Fu Xinian in the article "Characteristics of Master Planning Techniques of Beijing Palace Temple and other large-scale buildings in Ming Dynasty". On this basis, the Research on Architectural Design of Beijing Imperial Temple further points out that the two walls inside and outside the main body of the Imperial Temple, and the walls and individual building scales all cooperate with each other, such as the width of the outer wall is equal to the depth of the inner wall, and so on.

However, this carefully constructed plane pattern was once challenged unprecedentedly when Jiajing rebuilt Jiumiao Temple. A series of preliminary process schemes sorted out in the above article have interfered with the original pattern of the ancestral temple complex to varying degrees. The author speculates that in Jiajing period, the design data of Yongle Zhaozao ancestral temple and Hongzhi Zengjian temple may have been missing, and some precise intentions in the initial graphic design are no longer known. The opportunities for ministers and workers to actually contact the ancestral temple space are extremely limited, and it is even more difficult to understand the proportion and modulus contained in its plane pattern. Interestingly, the subsequent design deepening process of Jiumiao complex happened to be a process of gradually returning to Yongle-Hongzhi plane planning. In the early planning, the disturbance to the original plane was gradually reduced and neutralized, and finally, the principle of design under the original plane framework was completely established. As for the reasons behind this process, on the one hand, it is the guidance of the planning principle of "minimum intervention in plane" determined by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, on the other hand, it may also be that the officials and ministers gradually realized the intention of the original plane design of Yongle-Hongzhi in the round of deepening the plan. Judging from the fact that the gate wall of the Temple of God, which was built in the 24th year of Jiajing (1545), still follows this plane frame, the original design intention of the ancestral temple complex should have been clearly understood by the monarch and his ministers at that time.

With the help of the above planning and design, we can also get a glimpse of the decision-making process of the transformation of a group of buildings located at the top of the national etiquette system in Ming Dynasty. In this process, it is particularly noteworthy that the emperor’s auxiliary ministers participated in the planning. It is generally believed that the design process of large-scale official construction projects in the history of ancient architecture in China is significantly different from that in the West. In the west, architects with independent professional status often intervene in official or royal projects by participating in bidding and accepting entrustment. The deepening, promotion and adjustment of the design scheme form a complete cycle of creation, cooperation and game, which is closer to the mode of contract signing by Party A and Party B in contemporary construction projects. In ancient China, however, the role of national engineering architect was much more vague. On the one hand, it was undertaken by the emperor himself as the project decision maker, on the other hand, it was undertaken by the craftsmen and wood factories as structural engineers and builders, and there seemed to be a lack of a docking layer between them. However, by observing the design process of Jiumiao architectural complex in Jiajing period, it can be found that the auxiliary ministers around the emperor played an important role in the decision-making of specific engineering projects, although they did not necessarily have a civil knowledge background. On the one hand, they had the opportunity to listen to the emperor’s instructions on the project planning principles and put forward their opinions. On the other hand, their direct reconnaissance of the project site also formed the basis for further design work. Before the specific project is truly assembled, there may be many schemes put forward by them for discussion and deepening. These steps make up for the "design" gap between planning and construction; The construction engineering literacy of the auxiliary ministers constitutes the "group role" of the ancient architects in China.The important attribute of "X" is worthy of further analysis in future research.

Residual theory

Scholars such as Mr. Fu Xinian and Yan Kai have found that the graphic design of the ancestral temple in Beijing adopts a square grid of 50 feet as the basic module, and tried to restore the original design scale of the ancestral temple through modern surveying and mapping data. However, all kinds of scale data in the design process of the reconstruction of the ancestral temple mentioned in Xia Yan and others’ notes can undoubtedly push this exploration forward.

If we compare the scales in documents related to Jiajing’s transformation of ancestral temple with those restored by Fu Xinian and Yan Kai (Table 3), we will find that the scale data obtained from reconnaissance in historical documents do not completely correspond to the modulus of five feet, and are often not integer feet. On the one hand, it shows that there may be differences between ancient surveying and mapping accuracy and design accuracy, on the other hand, it also shows that plane modulus is not the only design principle of large-scale buildings. The engineering and cognitive factors behind this need to be further explored.

Table 3 Comparison of document scale, measured reduction scale and design reduction scale of Taimiao building complex

Documents and Calculation Scale in Jiajing Period (Zhang)

Modern measured scale (Zhang)

Design reduction scale (Zhang)

The wall goes deep from north to south.

81.2

85.3

eighty-five

The interior wall goes deep from north to south.

64.6

65.22

65

East-west width of big wall

63~64

65

65

East-west width of interior wall

34.2~35.2

36

36

Width of tunnel behind the temple

2.9

2.5

Jimen Square goes deep.

13.7

17.5

Compartment width

14.4

14.5

14.5

Most of the literature data are in good agreement with the measured reduction data, and the measured reduction scale is generally slightly larger than the literature scale. Considering that the modern surveying and mapping data and square modulus analysis adopted by Mr. Fu Xinian are based on the wall skin, these deviations may mean that the surveying and mapping data in the Ming Dynasty literature are based on the wall centerline. The difference of the above data is generally within the control range of the project, except for the item of the depth of the great wall of Taimiao complex from north to south, there is a significant difference of about 3.8 zhangs between the document scale and the actual scale, and this difference is caused by the difference of the depth of Jimen Square. This shows that at some point since the transformation of the ancestral temple in Jiajing period, the southern wall of the ancestral temple has indeed been expanded to the south. When did this expansion happen? Was it when the ancestral temple was rebuilt in the 22nd year of Jiajing (1543) or when the river bridge in front of Jimen Gate was expanded in the 28th year of Qing Qianlong (1763)? If the south wall of the existing ancestral temple is retracted 3.8 feet to the north, the geometric center of the formed large wall will fall on the front eaves of the enjoyment hall. Is this the original design intention when the ancestral temple was founded in Yongle period? These are still problems to be solved.

In the 24th year of Jiajing (1545), the episode of Nine Temples finally ended. The ancestral temple complex was restored to the old system, and Ruizong was able to build a temple. This construction history, which is full of subtle considerations of etiquette and personal sustenance, has hardly left any trace in the current ancestral temple, but its meticulous and detailed design process has enabled us to re-understand the operation mode of China’s ancient national project.

Ming Shizong’s idea of changing the temple system has gone through five years from concept to realization. The new temple system is not the arbitrary result of the king, but a mature operation from determining the planning principle, evaluating the conceptual scheme, organizing on-site reconnaissance, submitting the formal design, deepening the comparison and selection, and several rounds of adjustment until the final construction. The design data left in this process has promoted our understanding of the architectural evolution of Beijing ancestral temple. However, the in-depth participation of officials such as Xia Yan shows their architectural engineering accomplishment, which fills the gap in the traditional cognition that there is no architect in ancient architectural design in China.

Brief introduction of the author

Li Weiwen, postdoctoral fellow, doctor of the Palace Museum. His research interests are Beijing urban history and architectural history of Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

WeChat official account’s pictures and texts have been abridged. Please refer to Journal of Architectural History, No.3, 2021 for a complete reading. All rights reserved, please indicate the source. The standard citation format of this article is as follows, please refer to it:

Li Weiwen. The whole process of the reconstruction plan of Beijing ancestral temple in Ming Jiajing Dynasty [J]. Journal of Architectural History, 2021,2 (3): 30-38.

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Original title: "Academic Scholar Li Weiwen: The whole story of the reconstruction plan of Beijing ancestral temple in Ming Jiajing Dynasty"

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Blizzard, cold wave, strong wind warning issued continuously, use it to receive timely reminders →

The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to release at 18: 00 on November 6.Strong wind blue warning, cold wave blue warning, blizzard orange warning:

It is estimated that from 20: 00 on November 6 to 20: 00 on November 7, some areas in central and northwestern Inner Mongolia, eastern Xinjiang, northern and eastern Qinghai, Hexi, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other places will have strong winds with gusts of 7; There will be strong winds of magnitude 7-8 and gusts of magnitude 9 in the eastern Bohai Sea, the Bohai Strait, most of the Yellow Sea, the northern part of the East China Sea, the southern part of the East China Sea, the Taiwan Province Strait, the east of Taiwan Province, bashi channel and parts of the northeastern South China Sea, among which there will be strong winds of magnitude 9 and gusts of magnitude 10 in some parts of the eastern Yellow Sea.

Affected by strong cold air, it is estimated that from 20: 00 on November 6 to 20: 00 on November 7, the temperature in southeastern Inner Mongolia and most parts of Northeast China will drop by 6 ~ 8℃ successively, among which the temperature in some parts of eastern Jilin can reach 10 ~ 12℃. The lowest temperature 0℃ line will be located in the northeast of Hebei, Tianjin, southwest of Shanxi, Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi and southeast of Gansu. Some areas in central and northwestern Inner Mongolia, eastern Xinjiang, northern and eastern Qinghai, Hexi, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning will have strong winds of 5~6 and gusts of 7; There will be strong winds of 7-8 grades and gusts of 9-10 grades in the eastern Bohai Sea, most of the Yellow Sea, the northern part of the East China Sea, the southern part of the East China Sea and parts of the northeastern South China Sea.

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80-year-old professor published a book about the dissolute history of Zhengde Emperor in Ming Dynasty (Figure)

  


  Wei Qingyuan, an expert in Ming history. Our reporter Ma Qiang photo


  Southern Network reported on March 21, Wei Qingyuan was born in Shunde, Guangdong Province in 1928. His major works include Yellow Book System in Ming Dynasty, Royal Guards and East and West Factories in Ming Dynasty, History of Chinese Political System, Biography of Emperor Qin Long, Zhang Juzheng and the Political Situation in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty, etc. He used to be the director and consultant of Chinese Political Science Society, Chinese Economic History Society, Chinese Archives Society and China Ming History Society. Visiting researcher at the East-West Asia Research Center in Fei Zhengqing, Harvard University, and visiting scholar at Harvard Yanjing Society; Visiting professor, Department of East Asian Studies, Oxford University, UK, and part-time academician of St. Anthony’s College. He is currently a visiting professor at the Institute of History, Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences.


  Professor Wei Qingyuan, who is currently a visiting researcher at the Institute of History of Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, devoted his life to the study of Ming and Qing history and academic works. However, in seventy years of age, Wei Lao "changed careers" and wrote novels for ten years. Recently, on the occasion of Wei Lao’s 80th birthday, his first historical novel Zhengde Fengyun-A Biography of Zhu Houzhao, the Emperor of the Dangzi, was published.


  Joking about history worries experts.


  Since 2005, there has been a "Ming history fever" in the domestic publishing industry. However, Wei Lao did not launch this 800,000-word Ming Dynasty book to "follow the fashion".


  "It is said that historical novelists annoy historians." Some ridiculously "wild" books and film and television works are popular in the book market and on the screen, which makes Wei Lao very worried. For example, in a TV series, sourdrang dowager ordered her grandson, Emperor Kangxi, to marry Aunt Su Mala, and named her a princess. The fact is: Aunt Sumala was a maid who came to Manchuria from Mongolia in the early years after Xiao Zhuang. She was at least 40 years older than Kangxi. How could she get married?


  The wind of popular culture jokes is easy to cause misconceptions to the public. Out of respect for history and the sense of responsibility of a historical researcher, Wei Lao sprouted the idea of writing novels. He believes that research results with academic value are important, but after all, there are not many people reading; If historians have spare capacity, they can write some popular historical works that convey correct knowledge and spread them to the public.


  Wei veteran’s "Zhengde Fengyun" is regarded as a bold exploration. In this novel, he follows the original development of history and the reasonable filling of literary flesh and blood, depicting all kinds of characters and varied story details centered on Emperor Zhengde.


  Zhang Hui’s novels excavate the emperor’s abnormal love


  There were more than 30 emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Why did Wei Lao choose Zhu Houzhao, Emperor Zhengde of Ming Wuzong, as the hero of his first novel?


  The most famous joke about Emperor Zhengde in folklore is "prince and the showgirl". Zhengde ascended the throne at the age of 14, and during his 16 years in office, he ran amok, spoiled officials, harmed loyalty and robbed women, which led to the crisis of the national government and people’s livelihood at that time.


  Wei Lao believes that it is not an exaggeration to denounce Zhu Houzhao as a "prodigal emperor", "devil incarnate" and "slut villain". However, for a long time, the description of Zhengde in history books is mostly faceless or bold, which fails to deeply reflect the specific facts of Zhengde and the period of Zhengde. There are still many confusing contradictions and suspense that are difficult to answer hastily. For example, Zhengde’s feelings and sexual orientation are incredible: on the one hand, he frantically searches for and mutilates countless women, including pregnant women, widows and virgins; But on the other hand, he was deeply attached to Liu Liangnv, a married woman who had been taken captive from Taiyuan, until his death. "For women from abuse to rare special pet, this strange abnormal love was set in a person’s body, especially an emperor. What is the psychological secret? "


  In Zheng De Fengyun, written in the form of Zhang Hui’s novel, Wei Lao launched a macro narrative based on a large number of historical facts, and at the same time tapped the Oedipus complex and abnormal love of Emperor Zheng De with psychological analysis.


  Chen Jiexian, a famous historian of Qing Dynasty and a visiting professor of history department of Nankai University, commented on the Emperor Zhengde written by Wei Lao, "It is not simply to reprimand him for his dissoluteness and madness, but to go deep into the inner world where the master is not easy to show people, and to write a true Zhengde vividly and completely."


  However, Wei Lao personally said that his first attempt to write a historical novel may be a failed experiment. But in any case, history is a mirror, from which the subsequent world situation and personnel can be reflected.

Editor: Sun Jie

Speech by the Supreme Leader at the Press Conference of the Second Belt and Road International Cooperation Summit Forum (full text)

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 27th

Speech at the press conference of the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum

(April 27, 2019, Beijing)

Chairman People’s Republic of China (PRC), Supreme Leader

  On April 27th, the second "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation summit forum held a round-table summit in Yanqi Lake International Conference Center, and the top leader of president presided over the meeting and delivered an opening speech. After the conclusion of the roundtable summit, the top leaders met with Chinese and foreign journalists to introduce the roundtable summit of the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum and its main achievements. This is the supreme leader stepping into the press conference. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yao Dawei photo

Ladies and gentlemen,

Journalists and friends:

  Hello everyone!

  Welcome to the press conference of the second Belt and Road International Cooperation Summit Forum. The "One Belt, One Road" initiative has been widely concerned by media friends for more than five years. Since the opening of this summit forum, journalists and friends have continued to pay attention to and report on the summit forum, recorded all the wonderful moments, spread all kinds of good voices, and demonstrated the fruitful results of building the "Belt and Road" cooperation. On behalf of the government of China and the delegates from all over the world, I would like to thank the journalists for their support and hard work!

  This is the second time that China has hosted the "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum. Compared with the first forum, this forum is larger in scale, richer in content, more participating countries and more fruitful. During the summit forum, we held an opening ceremony, held a high-level meeting, held 12 sub-forums and an entrepreneur conference, and representatives from all walks of life from more than 150 countries attended. Today, leaders from 38 countries and heads of the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund held a leaders’ round table summit here.

  The theme of this summit forum is "Building the Belt and Road and Creating a Better Future". At the Roundtable Summit, leaders and heads of international organizations held in-depth discussions on topics such as "promoting connectivity, tapping new growth drivers", "strengthening policy docking, building closer partnership" and "promoting green and sustainable development, and implementing the UN Agenda 2030", which improved the concept of cooperation, clarified the key points of cooperation, strengthened the cooperation mechanism, and reached broad consensus on building the "Belt and Road" with high quality. These consensuses are reflected in the joint communique unanimously adopted by the Roundtable Summit, which will serve as a guide for international cooperation in building the Belt and Road Initiative in the future.

  On April 27th, the second "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation summit forum held a round-table summit in Yanqi Lake International Conference Center, and the top leader of president presided over the meeting and delivered an opening speech. After the conclusion of the roundtable summit, the top leaders met with Chinese and foreign journalists to introduce the roundtable summit of the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum and its main achievements. Xinhua News Agency reporter Pang Xinglei photo

  -We positively evaluated the progress and significance of the cooperation in building the "Belt and Road". We all believe that building the "Belt and Road" together is the road to common prosperity. Over the past five years since the "Belt and Road" was jointly established, especially since the first summit forum, with the joint efforts of all parties, the scope of policy communication has been continuously expanded, the level of facility connectivity has been improved day by day, economic and trade cooperation and investment cooperation have reached a new level, the financing capacity has been continuously enhanced, and people-to-people exchanges have become closer. The early harvest of the "One Belt, One Road" cooperation has opened up more space for economic growth of countries and the world, created a platform for strengthening international cooperation, and made new contributions to building a community of human destiny.

  -We have enriched the cooperation concept of building the Belt and Road Initiative and unanimously reaffirmed our commitment to building the Belt and Road Initiative with high quality. We will adhere to the principle of consultation, joint construction and sharing, and all parties will negotiate on an equal footing, share responsibilities and benefit together. All interested countries are welcome to participate. We unanimously support open, clean and green development, oppose protectionism, and strive to build a clean and environmentally friendly Silk Road in the new era. We agree to practice the concept of high standards, benefiting people’s livelihood and sustainability, actively meet the generally accepted international rules and standards, adhere to the people-centered development thinking, and take the road of coordinated economic, social and environmental development. These consensuses have pointed out the direction for the development of the "One Belt, One Road" cooperation. Our common goal is to work together to make interconnection among countries more effective, economic growth stronger, international cooperation closer, and people’s lives better.

  -We have made clear the key points of building the "Belt and Road" cooperation in the future and decided to strengthen all-round and multi-field cooperation. We will continue to promote connectivity on land, at sea, in the air and online, and build high-quality, sustainable, risk-resistant, reasonably priced and inclusive infrastructure. We will promote the construction of economic corridors, develop economic and trade industrial cooperation parks, continue to strengthen soft connectivity in markets, regulations and standards, and build digital infrastructure. Relevant cooperation projects will adhere to government guidance, enterprise main body and market operation, ensure sustainability, and create a fair and non-discriminatory business environment for investors from all countries. We will continue to broaden financing channels and reduce financing costs, and welcome multilateral and national financial institutions to participate in investment and financing cooperation. We also agreed to extensively carry out people-to-people exchanges with rich contents and various forms, and implement more people’s livelihood cooperation projects. We all support the "One Belt, One Road" cooperation, adhere to the development orientation, support the global development cause, especially the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, strive to achieve clean and low-carbon sustainable development, and help developing countries break the bottleneck of development and better integrate into the global value chain, industrial chain and supply chain and benefit from it.

  On April 27th, the second "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation summit forum held a round-table summit in Yanqi Lake International Conference Center, and the top leader of president presided over the meeting and delivered an opening speech. After the conclusion of the roundtable summit, the top leaders met with Chinese and foreign journalists to introduce the roundtable summit of the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum and its main achievements. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng photo

  -We unanimously support efforts to build a global interconnected partnership and strengthen cooperation mechanisms. To this end, we will deepen the docking of economic development initiatives and plans of countries and international organizations, strengthen bilateral and third-party market cooperation, build international logistics and trade corridors such as China-Europe trains and new land and sea passages, and help more countries improve their interconnection level. We have referred to the policy recommendations report of the Advisory Committee of the Summit Forum, and look forward to the Advisory Committee providing more intellectual support for building the "Belt and Road" cooperation and the development of the Summit Forum. We will adhere to multilateralism and promote the formation of a framework led by summit forums and supported by multi-bilateral cooperation in various fields, so that our cooperation can be guided by ideas, followed by actions and guaranteed by mechanisms. It is generally believed that the "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum is an important multilateral cooperation platform and supports the normalization of the summit forum.

  -We all support strengthening pragmatic cooperation and achieving more tangible results. During the preparatory process and the holding period of this forum, all parties reached 283 pragmatic achievements, including signing intergovernmental cooperation agreements, carrying out pragmatic project cooperation, initiating the establishment of a multilateral dialogue and cooperation platform in professional fields, releasing the progress report on jointly building the "Belt and Road" and the policy recommendations report of the Advisory Committee of the Summit Forum. China, as the presidency, will issue a summary list of achievements. The entrepreneurs’ conference held during the forum attracted many business people to participate and signed a project cooperation agreement with a total amount of more than 64 billion US dollars. These achievements fully show that building the "Belt and Road" should be in line with the trend, win the hearts of the people, benefit people’s livelihood and benefit the world.

  Yesterday, I announced a series of major reform and opening-up measures that China will take. It is generally believed that this is good news for China and the world, and will provide important opportunities for building the Belt and Road Initiative and world economic development.

  This forum sent a clear signal to the outside world: the circle of friends building the "Belt and Road" is growing, there are more and more good partners, the quality of cooperation is getting higher and higher, and the development prospects are getting better and better. I have said many times that the initiative to jointly build the Belt and Road Initiative originated in China, and the opportunities and achievements belong to the world. Building the "Belt and Road" is a long-term project and a common cause of partners. China is willing to work with all parties to implement the consensus of this summit forum, draw the spirit of "meticulous painting", and jointly promote the "Belt and Road" cooperation to develop in depth, steadily and far-reaching, with high quality, and create a better future. I hope that media reporters and friends will continue to actively support the "One Belt, One Road" cooperation.

  Thank you all.

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Sichuan cuisine comes out of Sichuan, has a new solution?

  Sichuan cuisine comes out of Sichuan and ushers in a new solution? This article is a record of the theme salon of "2024 China Catering City Tour-chengdu railway station", which was compiled and published by Red Dining Network.

  Among the eight traditional cuisines, Sichuan cuisine has the largest market and the largest number of stores in Chinese dinner.

  According to the big data of red meals, as of June 2024, the number of Sichuan food stores nationwide exceeded 150,000, accounting for 11.4% of the total number of Chinese dinner stores. However, most consumers’ impressions of Sichuan cuisine are still stuck in hot pot, skewers, grilled fish and other dishes, lacking a systematic and comprehensive understanding.

  How can Sichuan cuisine go to the whole country while maintaining its characteristics and charm? What role will Sichuan cuisine brand play in the future development of Chinese food? Around these two themes, on July 25th, dozens of big coffee makers gathered in the 2024 "China Catering City Tour" in chengdu railway station, which was jointly sponsored by Hongcan.com and Yangguang.com’s catering channel, and jointly hosted by Hongcan Growth Club and Juhui Catering Tune.

  01. How to keep the characteristics and charm of Sichuan cuisine in innovation?

  With the intensification of market competition, innovation has become the key for catering brands to maintain competitiveness, attract customers and achieve sustainable development. How do brands keep the characteristics and charm of Sichuan cuisine in innovation?

  Sun Yan, general manager of Nantang Catering, said that Nantang Catering has been focusing on creating a Sichuan cultural restaurant that has been passed down for a hundred years, involving three orientations: low-end, mid-end and high-end.

△ Sun Yan, General Manager of Nantang Catering

  About how to maintain the characteristics and charm of Sichuan cuisine in innovation, Nantang Restaurant does this:

  First, inheritance and innovation should coexist. In the process of R&D and innovation, Nantang Restaurant must have roots, soul and cultural tone. In Sun Yan’s view, this is the foundation of the development of cuisines. Brands should have awe in the process of product research and development, and they should know how to respect traditions in terms of seasonings, ingredients and cooking techniques.

  Second, we must reject "almost unlike". Sun Yan said that the brand of Sichuan cuisine, whether returning to Sichuan cuisine, returning to the taste of Sichuan cuisine, or returning to the sense of value of the ingredients themselves, is a process of de-foaming, de-marketing, breaking the bubble and exaggerating.

  In its view, Chengdu is a gourmet capital and a tourist city. Nantang Restaurant has done a lot of things with the spirit of artisans, aiming to let more people who really like Sichuan cuisine come to Chengdu to eat their favorite Sichuan food, or Sichuan food that is more in line with the taste of Sichuan food.

  Third, in addition to tradition, Sun Yan believes that there are still many parts of Nantang catering that need to be learned and innovated. In its view, tradition is not behind closed doors. There are many excellent ingredients, cooking techniques, equipment, techniques, fermentation methods or food processing methods in the market, which are in line with the current market demand, customer needs, dining scenes and taste preferences. Nantang Catering will also be integrated into the popular market when making innovations.

  In its view, innovation can avoid homogenization. "The homogenization of catering is very serious, and maybe 80% or 90% of restaurants eat exactly the same thing." Sun Yan bluntly said that in addition to the traditional flavor, Nantang catering has done a lot of research and development of flavor, and it has been recognized by the market, but as an old Sichuan cuisine, it always has a sense of crisis.

  Fourth, when brands do research and development of dishes, they should realize that diners and consumers are the ones who ultimately pay the bill, and they cannot entertain themselves. Starting from the cultural value of the product, this cultural value can be derived from the historical or cultural background of the product itself, or from the classic famous dishes in Sichuan cuisine. By increasing cultural value, traditional dishes can be interpreted as acceptable in the market, easy to spread and more popular among consumers.

  In the era of cultural self-confidence, brands should know how to grasp the story behind the product culture. At present, 60% of Nantang catering products can be traced back to the culture.

  Finally, the resonance of emotional value. Sun Yan said that if a consumer goes to a restaurant and has a desire to spend again, it is because a certain product, a certain link, a certain atmosphere or an action resonates with him emotionally.

  "In recent years, in the process of product research and development, we have clearly felt the charm of local ingredients, flavors and utensils. We have also enlarged these plates to make more people feel comfortable during dining." Sun Yan said.

  Wu Dong, founder and chairman of Xiaolongkan Hot Pot, said that the current economic situation, Chinese food, especially hot pot, is too big, and many enterprises want to do different things and make differentiated things.Enterprises "still have to dig deep in taste and ingredients."

△ Wu Dong, founder and chairman of Xiaolongkan Hot Pot

  Wu Dong believes that hot pot is also a branch of Sichuan cuisine, but the homogenization of hot pot is very serious. Xiaolongkan insists on constant changes. For example, last year, it launched a spicy beef pot bottom and chose pure beef as the pot bottom.

  The first store of "Little Dragon Crossing the River" to be opened in Shenzhen has also undergone subversion and bold innovation in taste. For example, it is only the bottom material of the hot pot, and the way of eating is also very ceremonial.

  However, Wu Dong also admitted that the cost of pot bottom in Sichuan is too high. Basically, each pot bottom will lose about 20 yuan, and cost control is a difficult problem.

  Regarding the innovation of ingredients, Wu Dong emphasized that the craftsmanship of ingredients and products should be constantly pursued to the extreme, but the ingredients are not good enough, and research must be broken through in technological treatment. "If there is no good technology, even the best ingredients may be wasted."

  "We should go out more, whether in Yunnan or Guizhou, to discover some rural foods and see if they can become differentiated products, so that we can have a future." Wu Dong said.

  In Wu Dong’s view, the international market is the same, and the ingredients may be similar, which can be changed from the dish shape, otherwise it will be difficult. Brands should be United. If I set the table like this, you can set the table like that and make a difference in flavor. This is also an innovation, and the supply chain can be shared. Otherwise, no one can control it because of the high cost.

  Liuyong, chairman of Dongmen Market, said that he has been cooking for 18 years and has been thinking about how to return to his original heart.In its view, before the industry developed too fast, everyone ran too fast, and the expectations may be too high. In fact, as long as we return to the original heart, these problems have been solved.

△ liuyong, Chairman of Dongmen Shijing

  In his view, every entrepreneur and operator should have the mentality of treating a bad environment as a good one, so that no matter what situation they are in or at what time, it is not a big problem. These are all experiences in life and brand development. It is very important to return to the original heart.

  Liuyong said that brands should continue to innovate according to their own conditions. Unlike most catering people who have been deeply involved in the same brand or track, liuyong said that he started to take a slant and take a diversified road 18 years ago. For example, the "Dongmen Town" old Chengdu Town Cultural District is an innovative project created by it. He said that when the diversified brands were laid out at the beginning, they took into account the complementarity of customers, products and ideas.

  The so-called "customer complementarity" has been practiced in the past ten years when dealing with a series of difficulties such as the eight regulations and the financial crisis. In liuyong’s view, customer complementarity is also very useful in dealing with the current market environment. That is, the formation of clusters and the development of multiple formats will make consumers feel that this place is more in line with consumption and attract passengers. Based on this logic, Dongmen Market has become a cultural block integrating sinking market, tea house and market fair.

  Liuyong said that they have stores in ancient towns in many blocks, including Kuanzhai Lane and Jinli. In his view, the block is very good and the flow of people is very large, but the only drawback is that the restaurants there are all single-operated, and there is no commonality.

  "This is also one of the reasons why single shops on the street have become more and more annoyed in recent years." In liuyong’s view, catering people should enlarge the advantages of enterprises in the process of innovation according to the changes of the market.

  It takes Damiao hotpot as an example. First, on the basis of the positioning of business banquets, the original square table is changed into a round table, which has stronger business attributes and is more liked by business guests; The second is to combine the needs of customers and learn from the setting of Chinese food to make the sense of ceremony more sufficient.

  Zhao Shuyong, Chairman of Blano Western Food Company, shared his entrepreneurial experience and experience in the field of western food.After resigning from Huawei, Zhao Shuyong has only done one thing in the past 11 years-western food. At present, three brands have done relatively successfully, meeting the needs of the customer groups targeted by each brand.

△ Zhao Shuyong, Chairman of Blano Western Food

  Zhao Shuyong bluntly said that as a western food brand founded in Chengdu, it is not easy to find living space in the ocean of Sichuan cuisine and hot pot, and he is also thinking about how to integrate western food with hot pot and Sichuan cuisine.

  According to Zhao Shuyong, there are three major plans for western food in Blano:

  First, suspend the opening of the store and optimize the model. Zhao Shuyong said that in the current market environment, Blano Western food does not have the advantage of cost performance, so it is not appropriate to open a store quickly at present. Last year, I opened 18 direct-operated stores, which is still a bit of a burden this year, so I don’t plan to open more stores.

  Second, launch a new business model, and integrate the supply chain to build a Saizeriya version of the western food store, making western food around 50 yuan per capita. "I really didn’t think about doing such a low unit price before. Saizeriya lived well, and the passenger flow was four times that of us. We were forced out." Zhao Shuyong explained.

  Third, go to sea. Zhao Shuyong revealed that Blano’s western food will enter the overseas market next, and it is already in the process of site selection in Singapore. Talking about how to maintain the characteristics and charm of Sichuan cuisine in innovation, Zhao Shuyong believes that authentic Sichuan cuisine should go out.

  In its view, Sichuan cuisine has reached the ceiling in Chengdu. Changing a space and going overseas is a way out, and at the same time, China culture can be exported through delicious food.

  "Don’t always roll in Chengdu, roll in Sichuan and Chongqing, and you have no confidence in yourself." Zhao Shuyong said. In its view, space and times are changing rapidly, and the big environment cannot be changed. Only by adapting can we find some breakthroughs.

  Peng Ziyu, a national culinary master, shared his views on how to maintain the characteristics and charm of Sichuan cuisine in innovation from the perspective of a chef.

△ National cooking master Peng Zikai

  He said that the reason why Sichuan cuisine can occupy 40% market share in the catering market is largely due to its characteristics of "delicious but not expensive", which is also the most important feature that Sichuan cuisine brands should retain.

  Delicious, that is, to ensure Sichuan flavor. Peng Ziyu said that no matter how innovative Sichuan cuisine is, it is necessary to give the product "Sichuan flavor" and "Sichuan style" in the end. Those Sichuan restaurants that engage in fusion dishes are actually not confident enough.

  "It’s not that fusion dishes can’t be cooked, but don’t play the brand of Sichuan cuisine. Since you play the name of Sichuan cuisine, you should conscientiously do a good job of Sichuan cuisine and let all the dishes be named’ Sichuan’." Peng Zikai said.

  Peng Ziyu also pointed out that the soul of Sichuan cuisine is taste, which should be carried forward on the basis of tradition. As long as it is based on the extension and development of Sichuan cuisine, it has Sichuan flavor in its bones, which is also called innovation, but we must grasp the basic point of the surname "Sichuan".

  The innovation of Sichuan cuisine can also be innovated in ingredients and forms, that is, the dishes are old, traditional practices and traditional tastes in new bottles, and new forms of expression can be used, such as making dishes more beautiful and creating exquisite Sichuan cuisine, but the most important thing is to maintain the unique charm of Sichuan cuisine, that is, delicious but not expensive.

  In its view, the ingredients are just a carrier. No matter what ingredients are used and how novel the expressions are, as long as they are made with Sichuan style and Sichuan style cooking techniques, they are all Sichuan dishes.

  "Nowadays, many restaurants put the dishes beautifully, but it can’t affect the quality and temperature of the dishes. The biggest feature of Chinese food is that it has temperature. If there is no temperature, it is not called Chinese food." Peng Zikai further emphasized.

  Peng Zikai said that it is not expensive, nor does it mean that Sichuan food can’t be sold expensive. A good product can be sold at a high price with new ingredients, such as lobster and Sichuan style.

  "Sichuan cuisine should be high-end, which is the market demand, but the civilian Sichuan cuisine is the most basic feature of Sichuan cuisine and can best occupy the market. Because delicious food is not expensive, everyone can afford it. " Peng Zikai said.

  Wei Ming, co-founder of Xiaojungan, the fifth district of Steel Pipe Factory, also agrees with the importance of "delicious food is not expensive". Wei Ming shared the development history of the fifth district of the steel pipe factory, and described how the fifth district of the steel pipe factory sought a breakthrough around "delicious but not expensive".

△ Wei Ming, co-founder of Xiaojungan in the fifth district of steel pipe factory

  At the beginning of its establishment, the fifth district of the steel pipe factory took advantage of the social communication effect of WeChat, and guests who came to the store could enjoy a 6.8% discount as long as they forwarded their friends’ circle. Through the promotion of customers’ friends’ circle, the brand gradually became a fission.

  From 2016 to 2019, the closing rate of the five districts of the steel pipe factory was very low, and almost all stores were profitable. But now, the glorious time has passed, and business is getting harder and harder.

  According to its disclosure, since last year, the five districts of the steel pipe factory have undergone many adjustments. For example, in a store in Sansheng Street, Chengdu, a 20-square-meter area was opened, cold pot maocai and small bowl dishes were introduced, and the price of the products was adjusted at the same time: the bottom of the pot with string of incense was more than 30 yuan, and the bottom of the pot with string of oil and brine was as low as 8 yuan, so the price was grounded and the passenger flow was also driven. After the transformation, the store’s turnover reached 800,000 per month.

  In addition, the per capita consumption of the five districts of the steel pipe factory has also dropped from 80-90 yuan to around 60 yuan. In the past, the price of large-scale dishes in the self-service area was 6.8 yuan, and now the membership price is 4.9 yuan; The price of dish area was adjusted from 39 yuan to 19 yuan.

  Yan Dongsheng, the inheritor of Pei Jie’s Chongqing hot pot, said that Pei Jie is an authentic Chongqing hot pot. She has been deeply cultivated in Chongqing for 12 years and made some innovations during her pure direct operation. She went up and went down.For example, the per capita of Pei Jie’s old Chongqing hot pot shop was reduced to 85 yuan, and at the same time, the brand of "Pei Jie’s Private House Xiaoyuan" was founded, targeting the middle and high end, with per capita around 380 yuan. Adhere to high-end and cost-effective walking on two legs.

  Yan Dongsheng said that many times, brand innovation kills itself, because the essence of catering is not done well. "In the past two years, many brands have been emphasizing cost performance and lowering prices. Although Pei Jie has reduced prices, the quality has not changed." Yan Dongsheng said.

  As a century-old shop in Sichuan, Li Juan, general manager of Quanjude Chengdu, also agrees with the importance of innovation. Starting from "keeping integrity and innovation", it shared Quanjude’s playing style and gameplay.

△ Li Juan, General Manager of Quanjude Chengdu

  Quanjude entered Chongqing in 2006, Chengdu in 2019 and opened a second store in Chengdu in 2022. Li Juan believes that behind "innovation" is a dish, a culture, a person, a scene and a story.

  For example, a dish, Quanjude makes roast duck, and "keeping the integrity" means doing a good job in the quality of roast duck. Li Juan said that Quanjude has a food base, which is different from other roast ducks.

  Another example is a culture. Li Juan believes that as an old-fashioned restaurant, it not only provides food, but also conveys culture and gives customers a feeling and premium experience. She went to Nantang Pavilion before, and learned a lot about the development history of Sichuan cuisine before eating. After experiencing it, she felt that she was not just going to a restaurant to eat, but more like going to the Sichuan Cuisine Museum, which was very worthwhile. Quanjude is the same. What it wants to convey is food+culture, so that customers can eat the brand value of time-honored brands.

  Another example is a person, which refers to how to pass on good services. Li Juan said frankly that the per capita consumption of Quanjude Chengdu Store is 120-150 yuan, which is almost the same as that of many hot pot restaurants. However, customers have high requirements for Quanjude, and they didn’t understand it at first. Later, they realized that in fact, in the minds of consumers, their expectations for a century-old brand are different, which is the starting point for Quanjude to talk about good culture.

  Li Juan also stressed that Quanjude, as a national brand, has the responsibility to pass on the brand story and culture to the guests. For example, when the roast duck is served, it should be explained to create a sense of ceremony, which is also a kind of propriety.

  Li Juan bluntly said that innovation is a long attempt for Quanjude. Quanjude is still doing live broadcast, launching bagged roast duck, and conducting product research and development around Beijing’s landmark food and hand-holding ceremony.

  Li Xiaowan, co-founder of Houtang Hotpot, also believes that the foundation of innovation is "keeping the right and surprising": "right" is in front and "odd" is behind.

△ Li Xiaoyu, co-founder of Yutang Hot Pot

  In its view, the homogenization of catering is serious, probably because the "positive" things have not been thoroughly done in the past, or because they have been biased by the flow in the process of innovation. In order to pursue the flow, they keep innovating, but instead throw away the really right things.

  Li Xiaowa believes that in the process of innovation in Sichuan catering industry, local things, such as seasoning, culture and ingredients of Sichuan cuisine, should be well done and spread.

  Take seasoning as an example. Li Xiaoyan said that everyone knows that Sichuan cuisine is very seasoned, but there are not many brands that really make the seasoning thorough and spread it out.

  So is culture. In its view, culture can be extended to the whole country or even the whole world, but many Sichuan food brands have not. Li Xiaoyan said that the success of Houtang hotpot in Europe was largely due to the promotion and export of Sichuan culture by the brand.

  Li Xiaoyan also stressed that "culture doesn’t mean that it doesn’t matter if you watch too much. In fact, many times, customers don’t know, and catering brands need to be promoted and spread constantly. For example,’ changing face’ is used to Chengdu people, but it is actually something that people all over the country, even people all over the world, can’t get tired of after they arrive in Chengdu. "

  And ingredients. Li Xiaoyan said that Sichuan has plains, plateaus, mountains, lakes, fresh rivers and rich products, but these characteristics have not been magnified by Sichuan catering brands and done well.

  "It is also an innovation when the brand takes out the’ positive’ part that customers don’t care about or customers don’t know. As a Sichuanese, they are most qualified to extract these things and tell consumers all over the country and even the world. " Li Xiaoyan said.

  In addition to "positive", Li Xiaowa believes that "odd" is more about a new interpretation of original traditional things in a way that modern young people like. Take Yunnan-Guizhou Sichuan cuisine brands "Ameigo Meiguo" and "yeego Wild Fruit" as examples. In its view, these two brands can catch fire in East China, and the innovation lies in using the original dishes, setting the dishes by Michelin, and performing a new interpretation of the original traditional things in a way that modern young people like, so as to achieve value for money.

  "Don’t innovate for the sake of innovation. Innovation must be done on the basis of the inherent category value by meeting the needs of consumers in different tastes, different groups and different scenarios. " Li Xiaoyan stressed.

  Liu Qiang, founder of Tan Sanniang’s fresh-cut beef buffet hot pot, stressed that in the process of brand innovation, the classic taste of Sichuan cuisine should be maintained, and at the same time, the market should be changed, but the business model should be changed instead of the taste.

△ Tan Sanniang Liu Qiang, founder of fresh-cut beef buffet hot pot

  In its view, the brand must not reduce the quality, but appropriately reduce the per capita consumption on the premise of ensuring the quality. Liu Qiang said that in the past year (May last year to June this year), Tan Sanniang signed 400 stores, and as of July 22, 40 new stores were signed. The reason why Tan Sanniang was able to expand rapidly was "sincerity" and "altruism".

  Gan Le, general manager of Ganshiji Restaurant, took his own brand as an example and shared his views on how to balance tradition and innovation.

△ Gan Le, General Manager of Ganshiji Catering

  Gan Le said that Ganshiji has been making authentic Chengdu snack pork intestines powder, insisting on combining traditional flavor, traditional craft and traditional Sichuan famous dishes.

  In the innovation strategy, no matter the adjustment of product mix and operation period, we should take customers as the core of value, such as customers’ demand for delicious food. In his view, to meet customers’ demand for delicious food, we should start from the ingredients. For example, pepper should have a clear fragrance and be hemp; There are requirements for the heat and spicy degree of cooked pepper and the temperature of soup.

  "On the whole, snacks and fast food still need to be featured. They must be featured and repurchased. We must constantly find a balance between customer value and store management efficiency, otherwise there will be no way to cross the brand life cycle." Gan Le concluded.

  Feng Li, the founder of Xi Hotel, thinks that the differences in service, dishes, environment and ideas are the key to brand development, and he shares some experiences.

△ Feng Li, the founder of the hotel

  Feng Li was originally engaged in the design industry, but in 2012 she entered the catering and hotel industries by chance. He opened several hotels, mainly for government reception. It began to decline in May this year, but remained relatively stable as a whole.

  In its view, after the brand finds its own differences, it will be full of confidence in its future development, and it will naturally get things done with confidence. "All brands, as long as they do it with heart, must have survival value." Feng Li stressed.

  Yuan Yi, co-founder of delicious frog fish hot pot, also shared his understanding of innovation with his own brand as an example.

△ The delicious frog fish hot pot co-founder Yuan Yi

  First, adhering to the business philosophy of "delicious but not expensive". Let every diners not only feel cost-effective, but more importantly, the ratio of heart to price, that is, beyond the psychological expectations of customers. For example, if customers expect to spend more than 100 yuan for a meal, but actually only need to pay more than 30 yuan, this unexpected experience will make customers feel very satisfied.

  Second, innovation is based on customers. Yuan Yi said that when I first started to make American frog fish, I did product innovation with male thinking, but statistics showed that 90% of the customers were young women, so when I did product research and development and innovation, I focused more on the needs of young female customers.

  Li Yang, the founding partner of Zhu Guangyu Hot Pot Restaurant, said that the catering market is still growing this year, but many catering people find it difficult. There seems to be no other way out except rolling low prices.He believes that catering enterprises should go back and reflect on their own problems.

△ Li Yang, founding partner of Zhu Guangyu Hot Pot Restaurant

  In the past 10 years, it was the dividend period of Sichuan-Chongqing hot pot. As the fastest category in Sichuan cuisine, hot pot was relatively easy to standardize, and the growth of hot pot also promoted the development of surrounding industries.

  However, with the passage of time, homogenization competition intensifies and scarcity disappears, which leads to difficulties in the industry. This is a normal economic cycle.

  "When all large single products develop to a certain stage, they will definitely enter the competition of homogenization. It is unreasonable to have both scale and differentiation. Catering people must accept both scale and efficiency, and at the same time accept homogenization. " Li Yang said.

  In Li Yang’s view, this year’s Sichuan-Chongqing brand, especially the hot pot brand, is getting more and more sad. In fact, the scarcity of Sichuan-Chongqing hot pot is gone.

  At present, the market is in the process of "disenchantment". After addition, subtraction is needed, and diners are disenchanted. Brands find it difficult to impress consumers by using traffic to incite C-side gameplay.

  In Li Yang’s view, the going out of Sichuan cuisine and the development of Sichuan-Chongqing hot pot are crucial in terms of cost performance and quality-price ratio, which will become the key words in the next five years.

  At present, the price war in the catering market is getting worse. Qi Lingyun, the founder of Tingxiang, said that the catering industry should not fight the price war, which is harmful to the whole industry.

△ Listening to Xiang founder Qi Lingyun

  Qi Lingyun introduced that he has been doing catering for 16 or 17 years, but he was born in sales at the beginning and experienced the price war between the home appliance industry and the electronics industry. "Gome and Suning’s’ bloodletting package’ is skillful, and the market is bloody, but in the end Gome and Suning are very profitable. However, the catering industry is playing its own. After the price war, there is no blood bag. " Qi Lingyun said.

  In its view, the catering industry is in full bloom, and it has come to an end to tell consumers more about what is delicious and differentiate products and prices. Qi Lingyun also said that eating is a part of life, not only for satiety, but also for enterprises to dig deep around customer needs, and what he has been doing in the process of being a catering enterprise is cultural empowerment.

  Referring to the innovation of Sichuan cuisine, Qi Lingyun said that Sichuan cuisine is full of flavors, but in the public’s cognition, Sichuan cuisine is spicy.

  He suggested that in the process of innovation, catering brands can broaden their perspectives and see more rich flavors. Taking hot pot as an example, hot pot can also use fish flavor and palace explosion flavor as additional products, thus forming a differentiated division.

  Dong Zhenli, the founder of Wutou Chuanxiang and Guangfuji maocai, shared some innovative attempts of Wutou Chuanxiang.

△ Founder of Wutou Chuanxiang, founder of Guangfuji maocai Dong Zhenli

  In the market bonus period of 2017 and 2018, the string of fragrant incense at the top of the house seized the opportunity, coupled with clear positioning, focused on building community-based stores, and at the same time achieved delicious food, cleanliness and hygiene, which is an important reason why the brand can span the cycle.

  In terms of marketing, Taotou Chuanxiang is good at marketing through customers. "Every day, 80% of customers send a circle of friends to our store to locate our position, which is a bit of a blow to the surrounding community stores, because they are all traditional old stores, single stores and couples stores." Dong Zhenli said.

  In addition, some innovative measures, such as handing out edible salt to customers, introducing hairy belly with "lottery tickets" to improve the ordering rate of dishes, and dancing on consumers’ birthdays, were taken.

  Shen Sha, general manager of Moby Youchuang, mainly shared several major changes on the roadside in the past two years, emphasizing that only concentration can make innovation.

△ Shen Sha, General Manager of Moby Youchuang

  First, from multi-brand to single brand. Shen Sha said that the roadside had achieved the scale of more than 1,000 stores because of dividends, and accumulated the ability of intensification, investment promotion and supply chain. In the past few years, it tried multi-brand development and made barbecue brands and rice noodle brands. In the past two years, it has returned to the familiar string and mala Tang track.

  Second, pay attention to direct stores. From 2016 to 2000, there were only 7 or 8 direct stores along the road. Last year, it gradually shifted from franchise to direct sales, and opened 6 or 7 new direct sales stores. Shen Sha believes that only through the creation of direct stores will new things come out.

  Thirdly, string innovation is difficult, and it is a very good attempt to introduce oil and halogen strings into stores. At present, in Chengdu, most of the strings are street shops, and the roadside hopes to make innovations in consumption scenes in the future, such as entering shopping centers and building shopping malls.

  Besides, Shen Sha mentioned that the roadside also opened overseas stores in Singapore, and adopted the nostalgic style of the 1980s. In its view, Singapore’s catering brands are more presented in a modern way, and roadside stores have a sense of contrast.

  Wang Bin, the co-founder of Juhui Cuisine, shared his views on Sichuan cuisine innovation from the perspective of supply chain enterprises, emphasized the importance of Sichuan cuisine characteristics, and put forward the direction of Sichuan cuisine standardization and innovation.

△ Wang Bin, co-founder of Juhui Meal Tune

  In its view, Sichuan cuisine is characterized by "three more": more seasonings, more flavors and more ingredients. In addition, the cooking of Sichuan cuisine is the most complicated of all cuisines. These are the main reasons why it is difficult for large-scale Sichuan cuisine brands to develop well.

  "When you lay out Sichuan cuisine, you should consider the seasonings, ingredients and cooking clearly. It may be easier to achieve standardization by pushing back the ingredients from the logic of the kitchen and pushing back the taste. " Wang Bin said.

  Regarding the innovation of Sichuan cuisine, Wang Bin believes that it should also focus on three dimensions:

  First, do a good job in quality and special things. The deeper the effort, the more real barriers can be formed.

  Second, innovation comes from efficiency, which is the key to winning the second half of catering.

  Third, products are only micro-innovations, and the effect is getting worse and worse. Only by doing the first two innovations well can brands have better development.

  02. What role will the Sichuan brand play in the future development of Chinese food?

  Although Sichuan cuisine has the largest number of stores in Chinese dinner, the chain rate is not high.

  According to Red Meal Big Data, as of June, 2024, Sichuan cuisine brands with fewer than five stores accounted for the highest proportion, reaching 98.8%, while Sichuan cuisine brands with more than 100 stores accounted for only 0.1%. In the future development of Chinese food, the brand of Sichuan cuisine should play a more important role, and it is very important to improve the chain rate.

  Mou Jian, the founder of Houchafing dish, analyzed the reasons for the low chain rate of Sichuan cuisine, and put forward the development path that can refer to Hunan cuisine brands.

△ After the hot pot founder Jian Jian

  Mou Jian believes that the low chain rate of Sichuan cuisine is not because of lack of talents, poor supply chain ecology or urban soil structure, but because Sichuan cuisine is full of flavors and single products are too strong.

  In the past, many diners were refining single items to make chains, such as grilled fish, maocai, fish with Chinese sauerkraut, etc. There were not many large Sichuan restaurants like Dongpo in Meizhou. In Mou Jian’s view, Sichuan cuisine can refer to the product structure model of Hunan cuisine brand and tap the representative classic products of Sichuan cuisine for combination, but in the process of adjusting product structure, the "root" and "soul" must be preserved.

  For example, in Chengdu, brands such as Diet Brothers and Qiujinchuan Dish Stir-fry have already refined classic products such as Mapo tofu and Sichuan style pork. "In the process of innovation and chain of Sichuan cuisine, we can’t forget its essence. The premise of solving the core model of products is’ innovation does not forget the roots, and Sichuan cuisine is not conservative.’ "MouJian stressed.

  Zhang Peilong, a partner of Qiujin Xiongmiao Technology, emphasized the importance of digital and intelligent means to promote the standardization and large-scale development of Sichuan cuisine.

  Taking "Autumn Jinchuan Dish Stir-fry" as an example, he pointed out that at present, it improves quality and efficiency through standardization, digitalization and intelligence. Although there are only six or seven direct-selling stores in Chengdu at present, a set of models has been built, which took three or five years.

△ Qiu Jin Xiong Wei Technology Partner Zhang Peilong

  Zhang Peilong also expressed his willingness to build infrastructure projects for Chinese food brands. That is, by creating a model, the front hall and the back kitchen of the restaurant are linked to help the catering brand solve the problem of improving quality and efficiency. "

  "I hope that in the next three to five years, the Sichuan-style snack brand will be promoted throughout the country. At the same time, we also hope that this model can empower Chinese food catering counterparts to create and build together and achieve common progress in the Chinese food industry. " Zhang Peilong said.

  Li Yang, the founding partner of Zhu Guangyu Hotpot Restaurant, said that when the supply chain is more coordinated and there are solutions, Sichuan cuisine will get better development in the next few years.For example, the case of autumn Jinchuan vegetable stir-fry is one of many solutions; Chef Fei’s style of play is also one of the solutions.

  "Re-stack the capabilities, re-assemble, and reconstruct the cost-performance ratio and quality-price ratio. There is not much problem when Sichuan cuisine comes out. The future of catering people will be very good, and our ability is still strong." Li Yang said.

  Li Jiang, the founder of Jibulu Steak and Seafood Buffet, shared his views on how to improve the chain rate of Sichuan cuisine, mainly from the development process and style of his own brand.

△ Li Jiang, founder of Jibulu Steak Seafood Buffet

  Li Jiang said that Jibulu Steak and Seafood Buffet had been in operation for 13 years, and had joined the business in the early days, and then turned to direct mode. Jibulu is positioned as a long-term enterprise, opening twenty or thirty new stores every year. In its view, after the store is opened, it should be given time to grow.

  He further said, for example, that Jibulu Steak Seafood Buffet was initially positioned as 69 yuan per capita, and after arriving in Chengdu, it was positioned as 79 yuan per capita. Later, it became a relatively high-end brand "Xiting Seafood Buffet", with a per capita price of more than 300 yuan, which was not recognized by consumers and forced to adjust the price. At the most difficult time, it was lowered to 99 yuan, and it lost 12 million yuan at that time. Now the business is basically stable, with a per capita of about 169 yuan, and the profit is ok and the capital is back.

  In its view, catering does not mean how much money you must earn this year, but you should do it slowly and take a long-term view.

  Li Jiang said that the company was born as a buffet, and then wanted to make the whole industry thorough.

  First of all, in brand management, Li Jiang said that in the process of brand management, they never pursue high gross profit margin, but pay attention to providing a better customer experience. When the gross profit margin of stores exceeds 46%-47%, they will take the initiative to come down.

  Secondly, in terms of product quality, we ensure the supply of ingredients and product quality through self-built factories, such as making steaks at a ratio of 1:1.

  In terms of market expansion, Li Jiang said that by the end of this year, the total number of Xiting seafood self-service stores will reach 40. I went to Haikou and Sanya this year and will March into Inner Mongolia next year. At present, Xiting Seafood Buffet has reached a strategic cooperation with Vientiane Commercial. In the future, Xiting will be opened in places where Vientiane Commercial exists.

  In addition, through multi-brand strategy to consolidate the leading position in the buffet industry. Li Jiang revealed that in addition to Jibulu Steak Seafood Buffet, Xiting Seafood Buffet and a Korean barbecue brand, the company also launched a small hot pot brand this year, and has now opened three stores.

  "In the future development of Chinese food, Sichuan food should play the role of’ Chinese food boss’." Zhao Shuyong, chairman of Blano Western Restaurant, said bluntly.

  He believes that Sichuan cuisine still has great opportunities in terms of market capacity and space. At present, many foreign brands of Sichuan cuisine have developed very well. On the contrary, few brands of Sichuan cuisine in Sichuan and Chongqing have gone out to open stores, and the scale can reach hundreds.

  Liu Qiang, founder of Tan Sanniang fresh-cut beef buffet hot pot, also believes that Sichuan cuisine should be the first of the eight major cuisines.At present, the brand development of Sichuan cuisine is not so good. In essence, it is not that Sichuan cuisine is not delicious, and it is not that there are no outstanding talents, because many excellent teams have gone to hot pot. What Sichuan cuisine lacks is a team with strength and understanding of flow. Good products and continuous flow are important reasons for the brand’s popularity.

  Liu Qiang revealed that Tan Sanniang plans to enter the field of Sichuan cuisine next year, and the slogan has been thought of, which is called "delicious and not expensive, no longer classic Sichuan flavor". Zhang Mengzhe, the founder of Qianniudao Slag Beef, also agrees that Sichuan cuisine is the first of the eight major cuisines.

△ Zhang Mengzhen, founder of Qianniudao Slag Beef

  In its view, Sichuan cuisine is easily accepted by consumers all over the country and has great development potential in the next decade.

  Zhang Mengzhe said that it was also because he saw the market potential of Sichuan cuisine that Qian Niu Dao entered the residue beef track last year. In his view, the residue beef is a traditional specialty food in Qionglai, Chengdu, which has formed a cost-effective customer perception in the market, so it is not necessary to innovate in taste, but in environmental and emotional value.

  Wang Bin, co-founder of Juhui Cuisine, said that he firmly supports the development of Sichuan cuisine, and there are three changes worthy of attention in the future:

  First of all, from the perspective of development history, Sichuan cuisine is the result of multi-party fusion, with many flavors, but the mainstream flavor of addiction is narrowing;

  Secondly, consumers’ tastes are getting heavier and heavier, and only Sichuan cuisine can satisfy everyone’s taste buds.

  Finally, from the perspective of consumers’ choice, when people pay more and more attention to taste, not only the taste type, but also the Sichuan cuisine itself will be reduced. The classic dishes preserved in Sichuan cuisine at present will probably be the Chinese food in ten or twenty years.

Notice of the General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing "Several Measures to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic and Promote the Smooth Operation of Ad

Beijing Zhengban made [2022] No.18

District People’s governments, municipal government commissions, offices and bureaus, and municipal institutions:

  With the consent of the municipal government, we hereby print and distribute "Several Measures on Dealing with the Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic and Promoting the Smooth Operation of Advanced Manufacturing Industry in this Municipality" to you, please conscientiously implement it in light of the actual situation.

General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government    

June 1, 2022  

Some measures to deal with the influence of COVID-19 epidemic situation and promote the stable operation of advanced manufacturing industry in this city

  In order to implement the Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments on Printing and Distributing Several Policies for Promoting the Steady Growth of Industrial Economy (No.273 [2022] of the Development and Reform Commission), adhere to the principle of keeping the word steady, strive for progress in stability, promote the high-end intelligent green development of manufacturing industry, and ensure the economic operation of this Municipality in a reasonable range, the following measures are formulated.

  First, keep the supply chain of key industrial chains smooth

  (a) to ensure the smooth and efficient transportation of materials. Conscientiously implement the requirements of the State Council’s joint prevention and control mechanism to deal with the pneumonia epidemic in novel coronavirus "Notice on Doing a Good Job in Keeping Freight Logistics Smooth" (Guo Ban Fa Dian [2022] No.3), implement closed-loop management of "taking and chasing" for truck drivers, and make every effort to get through transportation congestion points to ensure the smooth transportation of people’s livelihood materials and important production materials. Under the premise that the enterprise promises to strictly implement various epidemic prevention and control measures, it will issue vehicle passes for key materials transportation in time and in full, further simplify the handling process and promote online handling. In the area adjacent to Tianjin and Hebei, relying on the existing logistics parks and freight stations, temporary transfer stations and truck drivers’ epidemic prevention service stations will be set up, and various supporting facilities such as loading and unloading equipment and connecting vehicles will be improved to provide nucleic acid detection and antigen detection services for truck drivers. (Responsible units: Municipal Transportation Commission, Municipal Bureau of Economic and Information Technology, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Cooperation Office, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

  (2) Stabilize the supply chain of enterprise industrial chain. Establish a stable industrial chain supply chain coordination mechanism, actively connect with the coordination platform of relevant state ministries and commissions, and strive to include key industries and foreign trade enterprises such as automobiles, integrated circuits, consumer electronics, equipment manufacturing, agricultural materials, food and medicine in the "white list" of national key industrial chain supply chain enterprises. Establish a "white list" of municipal key enterprises, guide enterprises to improve their production toughness, appropriately increase the reserves of production materials and living and epidemic prevention materials, optimize the supply chain and logistics transportation plan, improve the plan for closed-loop production when necessary, strengthen the supply of living materials and infrastructure services for enterprises, coordinate and solve specific difficulties and problems reflected by enterprises in a timely manner, and ensure stable production of enterprises. Encourage enterprises to improve the performance rating of heavily polluted weather through upgrading, and accurately implement differentiated emission reduction measures. Give full play to the role of cross-regional coordination mechanisms such as the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and promote supporting enterprises outside Beijing to resume work and production as soon as possible. Guide leading enterprises in the industrial chain to formulate backup plans or alternative lists of supply chains, encourage leading enterprises to integrate upstream and downstream resources, build a stable supporting consortium, and give certain financial support to those enterprises that are included in the supply chain of leading enterprises in key areas of this city for the first time within the scope of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and whose actual performance amount meets the requirements. (Responsible units: Municipal Economic and Information Technology Bureau, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Prevention and Control Group for Resumption of Work, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Cooperation Office, Zhongguancun Management Committee of Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, and district governments)

  Second, strengthen the protection of land use and energy.

  (three) to promote the landing of major projects. Strengthen the demand for land for manufacturing projects, and strengthen the district-level overall planning and municipal coordination of the balance index of cultivated land occupation and compensation. Increase the reserve of manufacturing projects, optimize the land supply and approval services for major projects that have been clearly landed, strengthen departmental linkage, urban coordination, pre-trial in advance, and promote parallel promotion, and promote the "land acquisition and construction" model. We will promote the linkage between environmental impact assessment of industrial park planning and project environmental impact assessment, and accelerate the examination and approval of environmental impact assessment of major projects such as energy saving and carbon reduction transformation. Authorized industrial park development enterprises shall, with the consent of the municipal government, give no more than 30% fixed assets investment subsidy support in combination with the important standard factory building projects in the area where they are located. (Responsible units: Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Commission, Municipal Economic and Information Bureau, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

  (4) Revitalize and upgrade the inefficient industrial space. On the premise of conforming to the functional orientation and planning of the capital, the project implementation unit is encouraged to carry out structural reinforcement, green and low-carbon transformation, application of science and technology scenes, internal and external decoration and other investment transformation for industrial vacated spaces and old factories in key areas by means of independence, joint venture and leasing, and the scope of support will be extended from the central city and sub-center of the city to "three cities and one district" to promote the upgrading of regional manufacturing industry, and the municipal government’s fixed assets investment will support qualified projects. (Responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee and relevant district governments)

  (5) Strengthen energy security. We will improve the guarantee mechanism for the consumption of renewable energy and electricity, and implement the policy of excluding the consumption of new renewable energy and raw materials from the total energy consumption control. Improve the dual control scheme of energy consumption intensity and total amount in this city, and promote the inclusion of qualified major projects in this city in the scope of energy consumption of major national projects. Ensure the demand for electricity for production of manufacturing enterprises, strictly implement the national electricity price reform policy, integrate differentiated electricity price policies such as differential electricity price, ladder electricity price and punitive electricity price, establish a unified ladder electricity price system for high energy-consuming industries, and do not increase the electricity consumption of stock enterprises with energy efficiency reaching the benchmark level and enterprises under construction and planned to build with energy efficiency reaching the benchmark level, and implement ladder electricity price according to the energy efficiency level gap if they fail to reach it. (Responsible unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission)

  Third, increase fiscal and taxation financial support

  (six) the implementation of value-added tax refund at the end of the period. We will strengthen the tax refund policy for small and micro enterprises at the end of the VAT period. From April 1, 2022, we will extend the policy scope of fully refunding the incremental VAT tax allowance for advanced manufacturing industries to eligible small and micro enterprises (including individual industrial and commercial households) and refund the tax allowance for small and micro enterprises in one lump sum. We will strengthen the policy of tax refund for manufacturing industries at the end of the value-added tax period, expand the scope of the policy of fully refunding the incremental value-added tax allowance for advanced manufacturing industries on a monthly basis to qualified enterprises in manufacturing industries (including individual industrial and commercial households), and refund the stock tax allowance for enterprises in manufacturing industries at one time. (Responsible units: Beijing Municipal Taxation Bureau and Municipal Finance Bureau)

  (7) Promoting the policy of tax reduction and fee reduction has been effective. Increase the pre-tax deduction of equipment and appliances in small and medium-sized enterprises. According to different depreciation years, small and medium-sized enterprises can choose 100% of the unit value to be deducted before tax in the current year, or 50% of the unit value to be deducted before tax in the current year, and the remaining 50% to be depreciated in the remaining years according to regulations. The scope of small and medium-sized enterprises to which the policy applies includes: first, information transmission industry, construction industry, leasing and business service industry, with the standard of less than 2,000 employees, or less than 1 billion yuan in operating income, or less than 1.2 billion yuan in total assets; Second, real estate development and management, the standard is operating income of less than 2 billion yuan or total assets of less than 100 million yuan; Third, other industries, the standard is less than 1000 employees or operating income of less than 400 million yuan. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the deferred payment period of some taxes and fees will continue to be extended for six months, and in the first and second quarters of 2022, some taxes and fees will be delayed for six months, of which medium-sized enterprises can delay paying 50% of the amount of taxes and fees, and small and micro enterprises can delay paying all taxes and fees. Continue to reduce the "six taxes and two fees" according to the 50% tax rate, and expand the scope of the policy to small and meager profit enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households. Guide enterprises to increase R&D investment, and if the actual R&D expenses incurred in R&D activities of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises do not form intangible assets and are included in the current profits and losses, on the basis of actual deduction according to regulations,Then add and deduct 100% of the actual amount before tax; Where intangible assets are formed, they shall be amortized before tax according to 200% of the cost of intangible assets. Continue to implement the 1% unemployment insurance rate policy until April 30, 2023. We will extend the policy scope of phased holdover of pension, unemployment and work-related injury insurance premiums to all small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households affected by the epidemic. (Responsible units: Beijing Municipal Taxation Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau and Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau)

  (8) Increase financing support for manufacturing industry. Seize the opportunity of the national policy of 200 billion yuan for scientific and technological innovation and 100 billion yuan for transportation and logistics, and organize enterprises to actively apply for financial support. Establish and improve the assessment and notification mechanism of manufacturing credit, and guide commercial banks to maintain a high growth rate of medium and long-term loans in manufacturing. Do a good job in the industry-finance docking service of manufacturing enterprises, regularly push the information of major manufacturing projects and enterprises in this city to commercial banks, and guide financial institutions to increase their support for high-quality enterprises affected by the epidemic, which has delayed the delivery date and extended the payment time, resulting in difficulties in capital turnover, and prevent blind reluctance to lend, loan withdrawal, loan suspension and loan pressure. Support "specialized and innovative" small and medium-sized enterprises to be listed on the New Third Board and the Beijing Stock Exchange, establish a reserve enterprise resource pool for listing, and do a good job in the gradient cultivation and classification guidance of enterprises. Encourage qualified park infrastructure and new infrastructure projects to participate in the national infrastructure REITs pilot. (Responsible units: Business Management Department of People’s Bank of China, Beijing Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau, Municipal Financial Supervision Bureau, Beijing Securities Regulatory Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, Zhongguancun Management Committee of Municipal Science and Technology Commission, and Municipal Development and Reform Commission)

  (nine) to guide all kinds of funds to increase investment in manufacturing industry. Accelerate the implementation of financial funds such as high-tech industrial development funds, strengthen inclusive support methods, and expand policy coverage. Make good use of all kinds of government guidance funds to attract social capital to the advanced manufacturing industry. Optimize the high-tech industrial fund scheme, and increase equity investment in key areas and major projects through direct investment, mergers and acquisitions and the establishment of sub-funds. Accelerate the investment progress of high-tech industrial funds, integrated circuit funds and other industrial funds, introduce and cultivate a number of high-quality enterprises in the industrial chain to land in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and support leading enterprises in the industry to integrate resources and build ecology through mergers and acquisitions. Strengthen the reserve of major manufacturing projects and the planning of scientific research and development and innovation platforms, and actively strive for central financial support. (Responsible units: Municipal Economic and Information Technology Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee of Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee)

  Fourth, guide the high-end intelligent green development of manufacturing industry

  (ten) to enhance the independent innovation ability of key links in the industrial chain. Promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei industry, improve the modernization level of industrial chain, accelerate the introduction of the implementation plan of "strengthening the chain to supplement the chain", gather and expand a number of leading enterprises in the industrial chain with leading technology level and strong resource integration ability, and carry out "foundation project" around the basic general technology, key technology and common technology needs to enhance the core competitiveness of manufacturing industry. Vigorously promote the technological transformation of enterprises, support enterprises to carry out intelligent green digital technological transformation against advanced standards, carry out intelligent green development level diagnosis and evaluation around 200 manufacturing enterprises, and accelerate the construction of 20 benchmark intelligent factories in various industries. Support qualified "Xinzhizhao100" projects and green low-carbon projects according to a certain proportion of the total investment, and guide enterprises to improve their innovation ability, production efficiency and green low-carbon development level. (Responsible units: Municipal Economic and Information Technology Bureau, Zhongguancun Management Committee of Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

  (eleven) to improve the level of opening up the supply of new scenes. Continue to promote the construction of high-level autonomous driving demonstration zone 3.0, deeply practice the networked cloud control technology route, achieve 500 square kilometers coverage, and provide a city-level engineering test platform for the commercialization of intelligent networked automobile application scenarios and the promotion and application of intermediate products. Promote the opening of global smart application scenarios such as transportation, medical care, urban management, and government services, and start the construction of smart city benchmark demonstration zones in urban sub-centers. We will increase the policy support for the application of "the first set", "the first batch" and "the first stream", and support a number of domestic technical products that can be used easily to tackle key problems and enter the chain with the final entry into the supporting supply system of the industrial chain as the standard. Give full play to the function of government procurement policy, and support scientific and technological innovation and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises through measures such as first purchase order and reserved procurement share. (Responsible units: Municipal Economic and Information Technology Bureau, Zhongguancun Management Committee of Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, City Sub-center Management Committee, and district governments)

  (twelve) to speed up the construction of new infrastructure layout. Accelerate the implementation of the special action for the construction of national big data centers, promote the construction of related projects of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei national data center hub nodes, and make overall arrangements for a number of advanced computing platforms. Promote the integration and application of high-end equipment such as artificial intelligence, new generation information technology such as 5G and robots with the industrial Internet, cultivate more than 20 system solution providers with national influence, and form an industrial Internet empowerment system that serves Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and radiates the transformation and upgrading of the national industry. Actively promote the landing test of special networks such as the Internet of Vehicles, and comprehensively promote the research, development, verification and application of related technologies. Support key enterprises to build 5G fully connected intelligent unmanned factories, and promote the application of 5G in machine vision inspection, precise remote control and on-site assembly. (Responsible units: Municipal Economic and Information Technology Bureau, Municipal Communications Administration, Zhongguancun Management Committee of Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

  Five, focus on optimizing the development environment of enterprises

  (thirteen) to strengthen the support of professional and technical skills. We will increase the support for the introduction of technical talents urgently needed by the industry and strengthen the support of supporting policies such as affordable housing. Encourage enterprises to organize multi-level vocational skills training, focus on supporting high-tech enterprises such as intelligent manufacturing, integrated circuits and biomedicine, carry out school-enterprise cooperation and integration of production and education, implement new apprenticeship training for enterprises, implement advanced training programs for specialized technical personnel, and give corresponding training subsidies or financial support according to the training items and scale. Support the head enterprises to establish a master skill studio, give play to the leading role of high-skilled talents in imparting skills, carry out technical research and innovation training for employees in the industry, and give subsidies to the studio project. Strengthen the coordination of services, further optimize and improve the working mechanism, and provide convenience for foreigners and their families to come to China. (Responsible units: Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Talents, Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, Zhongguancun Management Committee of Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee, Foreign Affairs Office of Municipal Government, Prevention and Control Group for Resumption of Work, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

  (fourteen) to expand consumption to support the sustained recovery of production. Intensify the publicity and promotion of Beijing consumption season activities, and provide financial support for urban commercial complexes and offline retail enterprises above designated size that actively participate in Beijing consumption season activities and meet the requirements. Increase the publicity and promotion of green energy-saving consumption policies, and guide consumers to buy and use green energy-saving goods. We will continue to implement the national subsidy policy for the purchase of new energy vehicles, timely allocate subsidy funds to qualified enterprises, increase the support for the award of charging facilities, study and formulate the price policy of differentiated parking charges for new energy vehicles, and introduce measures to further facilitate the trading of used cars to promote the circulation of used cars. Co-ordinate funds to subsidize the purchase of new energy buses, support the upgrading of cruise taxi fuel vehicles to pure electric vehicles, speed up the research and development of electrification schemes for network vehicles, and introduce preferential access policies for new energy logistics and distribution vehicles. Do a good job in the overall promotion of key products in key areas of this city, strengthen enterprise counseling and supply and demand docking, and further smooth the market access channels for products in this city. (Responsible units: Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Transportation Commission, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Urban Management Commission, Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Municipal Economic and Information Technology Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

  VI. Implementing safeguards

  (fifteen) to establish a guarantee mechanism for the smooth operation of advanced manufacturing industry. Establish an overall coordination mechanism led by the competent city leaders and incorporate it into the working mechanism of the leading group for innovation and development of manufacturing industry in this city. The Municipal Bureau of Economic and Information Technology and the Municipal Development and Reform Commission should continue to strengthen the operation and scheduling of the industrial economy in this Municipality, strengthen the tracking and monitoring of the industrial economic operation situation, accurately grasp the production and operation of key enterprises, strengthen pre-research and pre-judgment, and enrich the policy toolbox. All relevant departments should strengthen their responsibility and take the initiative, formulate detailed implementation rules in a timely manner according to the division of labor, and do a good job in the implementation of tasks with the spirit of "nailing nails". All districts and departments should make full use of and improve the working mechanism of "service package", drive the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the industrial chain with leading enterprises, listen to the opinions of enterprises in depth, dynamically update the list of service requirements, and solve the pain points and difficulties in the development of enterprises in time; Further guide enterprises to scientifically do a good job in epidemic prevention and control, strengthen the main responsibility of enterprise epidemic prevention and control, ensure the stable operation of key industries, key parks and key enterprises, and provide strong support for the steady growth and high-quality development of the city’s manufacturing industry. The general office of the municipal government shall, jointly with the Municipal Economic and Information Technology Bureau and the Municipal Development and Reform Commission, regularly carry out supervision and evaluation, find problems in time, urge relevant departments and districts to do a good job in rectification and implementation, and get through the "last mile" of policy implementation. Every month, all districts and departments will submit the relevant detailed implementation rules, the coordination and promotion of relevant tasks and the service enterprises to the Municipal Bureau of Economic and Information Technology, the Municipal Development and Reform Commission and send a copy to the general office of the municipal government.

Multi-sector support for the development of private enterprises: helping to turn over the financing mountain and break the "triple door"

  Beijing, Nov. 8 (Yao Lu) After the symposium of private enterprises was held, measures to support the development of private economy entered a period of intensive introduction and landing. Recently, the central bank, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Administration of Market Supervision, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other departments have voiced their voices and introduced a series of measures to solve the problems faced by private enterprises and support the development of the private economy.

  Help turn over the "financing mountain"

  Recently, some private enterprises have encountered many difficulties and problems in their business development. Some private entrepreneurs described it as "three mountains": the iceberg of the market, the mountain of financing and the volcano of transformation.

  Especially at present, it is urgent to solve the problem of financing difficulty and expensive financing for private enterprises.

  In this regard, the symposium of private enterprises proposed that priority should be given to solving the problem that private enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, are difficult to get financing or even fail to get financing, and at the same time, the financing cost should be gradually reduced.

  How to help private enterprises cross the "financing mountain"? Yi Gang, governor of the central bank, said that the central bank is making comprehensive measures together with relevant departments, making full use of the "three arrows" from three main financing channels, supporting private enterprises to broaden financing channels and helping them tide over the difficulties.

  Among them, the "first arrow" is to further expand the pilot scope of private enterprise bond financing support tools to help more private enterprises obtain financing through the bond market; The second arrow is credit support, that is, comprehensive use of monetary and credit policy tools to guide financial institutions to increase credit supply to private enterprises; The "third arrow" is to study the establishment of equity financing support tools for private enterprises to provide phased equity financing support for private enterprises with financial difficulties.

  Yi Gang said: We have "real money" policies and measures to help private enterprises and small and micro enterprises solve their practical difficulties. The 300-billion-yuan refinancing and rediscounting quota increased by the People’s Bank of China this year is the introduction of a policy and the guidance of "four to two", and it is also necessary to rely on large banks, joint-stock banks and small and medium-sized financial institutions to lend to private enterprises together.

  The CSRC said that it organized the exchange bond market to launch a pilot of credit protection tools, explored ways to reduce investors’ concerns about buying private enterprise bonds through credit enhancement tools, and supported private enterprise bond financing. The first batch has launched four credit protection contracts for private enterprises, involving three unlisted private enterprises and one listed private enterprise.

  Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will further play the role of the National SME Development Fund, drive local and social funds to expand the scale of equity financing for small and micro enterprises, and expand direct financing channels for more innovative SMEs. At the same time, promote the study and introduction of administrative regulations to prevent large enterprises from defaulting on small and micro enterprises.

  Strive to break the "triple door" obstacle

  Some private enterprises reported that "seeing the policy, you can’t enjoy it; Seeing space, you can’t enter; Seeing the opportunity, we can’t grasp it. Some departments are inefficient in doing things for private enterprises, and there are still barriers such as rolling doors, glass doors and revolving doors.

  How to break the "triple door" barrier? Zhang Mao, director of the State Administration of Market Supervision, said that we should focus on the goal of building a unified national market, improve the competition policy system, adhere to the principle of competition neutrality, and treat all market players equally. Strengthen competition law enforcement, standardize market order and promote fair competition.

  For example, deepen the reform of the commercial system and focus on "reducing licenses and pressing licenses" to create a more open, transparent and convenient access environment for private enterprises. Since November 10th this year, the first batch of 106 administrative examination and approval items concerning enterprises have been reformed nationwide. According to the direct cancellation of examination and approval, the examination and approval has been changed to filing, the notification commitment has been implemented, the classified management of access services has been optimized, and the "license reduction after taking photos" has been promoted, so that enterprises can enter both the "gate" of the market and the "small door" of the industry.

  Miao Wei said that in the next step, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will further relax market access and encourage private capital to enter the telecommunications and military industries.

  Specifically, it includes: First, through the official commercialization of mobile communication resale business, deepen the pilot of broadband access network business, and further guide private capital to enter the basic telecom operation field. The second is to further guide and support private enterprises to participate in the development of integration of defense and civilian technologies.

  Creating a level playing field has become a major focus of the policy.

  According to the arrangement put forward by the State Administration of Market Supervision, fair competition review will be fully implemented. Before the end of this year, organize all relevant departments in various regions to complete the self-examination of cleaning up and abolishing the policy documents that hinder the unified market and fair competition, and implement the fair competition review system, and publicize it to the whole society and accept social supervision. At the same time, strengthen anti-monopoly law enforcement. Carry out special rectification actions for public enterprises to restrict competition and monopoly behavior.

  The Supreme People’s Court said that it is necessary to strengthen the trial of anti-monopoly cases, stop the abuse of monopoly position by market players with dominant market position according to law, and create a unified, open and competitive market environment for the development of private economy.

  Focus on reducing the burden on enterprises

  The symposium of private enterprises demanded that the tax burden of enterprises be reduced. We must do a good job in the supply-side structural reform and cost reduction actions, and substantially reduce the burden on enterprises.

  In terms of specific measures, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that it is necessary to reduce the nominal rate of social security contributions according to the actual situation, stabilize the payment method, and ensure that the actual burden of social security contributions of enterprises is substantially reduced.

  The State Administration of Market Supervision said that government services should be optimized to reduce the burden on enterprises and create a healthy and harmonious development environment for private enterprises.

  Among them, focusing on the fees charged by enterprises, in-depth rectification of illegal price and fee behavior; Carry out special management of intermediary service charges for administrative examination and approval. We will rectify the "red-top intermediary" according to law, and resolutely correct the situation of disguised approval and illegal charges, which will increase the burden on enterprises.

  In addition, simplify the certification management unit scientifically and reasonably, reduce the types of certification certificates, guide and urge certification institutions to lower the charging standards, and effectively reduce the burden on enterprises. (End)