The General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC the State Council General Office issued the Implementation Plan for Deepening the Reform of Science and Technology System.
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 24th-Recently, the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Implementation Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Science and Technology System, and issued a notice asking all localities and departments to conscientiously implement it in light of the actual situation.
The main contents of the Implementation Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Science and Technology System are as follows.
Deepening the reform of science and technology system is an important content of comprehensively deepening the reform, and it is the fundamental requirement for implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and building an innovative country. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, especially the second, third and fourth plenary sessions of the 18th Central Committee, the central government has made comprehensive arrangements for the reform of the science and technology system and innovation-driven development, and introduced a series of major reform measures. In order to better implement the central government’s reform decision, form a systematic, comprehensive and sustainable reform deployment and work pattern, open up the channel of scientific and technological innovation and economic and social development, and maximize the great potential of science and technology as the first productive force and innovation as the first driving force, the following implementation plan is formulated.
I. Guiding ideology, basic principles and main objectives
(A) the guiding ideology
Hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, adhere to the road of independent innovation with China characteristics, focus on implementing the innovation-driven development strategy, and comprehensively deepen the reform of the science and technology system with the goal of building a national innovation system with China characteristics. Promote all-round innovation with scientific and technological innovation as the core, advance the modernization of scientific and technological governance system and governance capacity, promote the in-depth development of integration of defense and civilian technologies, create a market and social environment conducive to innovation-driven development, stimulate the enthusiasm and potential of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, actively adapt to and lead the new normal of economic development, accelerate the pace of building an innovative country, and lay an institutional foundation for realizing the fundamental transformation of development drivers.
(2) Basic principles
Stimulate innovation. Taking strengthening the ability of independent innovation and promoting the close integration of science and technology with economy as the fundamental purpose, we should drive innovation with reform, strengthen the docking of innovation achievements with industries, innovative projects with real productivity, and the docking of R&D personnel’s innovative labor with their interests and income, give full play to the market role, release the potential of scientific and technological innovation, and create a new engine for innovation-driven development.
Problem-oriented. Insist on cracking the institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict innovation-driven development, identify the breakthrough point, enhance pertinence, make decisive progress in important areas and key links, and improve the quality and efficiency of reform.
Overall propulsion. Adhere to the simultaneous efforts of scientific and technological system reform and economic and social reforms, inherit and develop, formulate landmark and driving reform measures and policies around the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy and the construction of national innovation system, do a good job in overall planning of progress, quality and landing, and enhance the systematicness, comprehensiveness and coordination of reform.
Open collaboration. Coordinate the central and local reform arrangements, strengthen the coordination of departmental reforms, pay attention to the matching of fiscal, taxation, finance, investment, industry, trade, consumption and other policies with science and technology policies, make full use of domestic and international resources, strengthen the connection and coordination of work, form a joint force of reform, and allocate innovative resources in a larger scope, at a higher level and more efficiently.
Implement the landing. Adhere to the goal and direction of scientific and technological system reform, coordinate current and long-term measures, grasp the rhythm, implement it step by step, and enhance the order of reform. Clarify the division of labor among departments, strengthen responsibility, pay attention to operability, assessment and supervision, and ensure that reform measures take root and form landmark results.
(III) Main objectives
By 2020, breakthroughs will be made in important areas and key links of the reform of the scientific and technological system, and a national innovation system with China characteristics will be basically established to meet the requirements of the innovation-driven development strategy and conform to the laws of the socialist market economy and the development of scientific and technological innovation, and it will enter the ranks of innovative countries. The ability of independent innovation has been significantly enhanced, the market-oriented mechanism of technological innovation has been improved, innovative subjects such as enterprises, scientific research institutes and universities are full of vitality and efficient cooperation, the integration of military and civilian science and technology has developed in depth, the flow of innovative elements such as talents, technology and capital has been smoother, the scientific and technological management system and mechanism have been improved, the allocation of innovative resources has been optimized, the enthusiasm and creativity of scientific and technological personnel have been fully stimulated, the atmosphere of mass entrepreneurship and innovation has become more intense, and the innovation efficiency has been significantly improved.
Second, establish a market-oriented mechanism for technological innovation
Enterprise is the main carrier of the close combination of technology and economy, and the key to solve the problem of the tight combination of technology and economy is to enhance the joint force of enterprise innovation ability and collaborative innovation. It is necessary to improve the market-oriented mechanism and government-guided mechanism of technological innovation, strengthen Industry-University-Research’s collaborative innovation, guide all kinds of innovative elements to gather in enterprises, promote enterprises to become the main body of technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization and achievement transformation, turn innovation into real industrial activities, foster new growth points, and promote economic transformation and upgrading to improve quality and efficiency.
(A) the establishment of enterprise-led industrial technology innovation mechanism to stimulate the endogenous motivation of enterprise innovation.
1. Establish a high-level, normalized dialogue and consultation system for enterprise technological innovation, and give play to the important role of enterprises and entrepreneurs in national innovation decision-making. Absorb more enterprises to participate in the research and formulation of national technological innovation plans, plans, policies and standards, and industrial experts and entrepreneurs should account for a large proportion in the relevant expert advisory groups.
2. Science and technology projects with clear market orientation are led by enterprises, guided by the government, and implemented in conjunction with institutions of higher learning and research institutes. The government makes more use of post-financial subsidies and indirect investment to support enterprises to make independent decisions and invest first, and to carry out research and development of key common technologies, equipment and standards in major industries. To carry out the pilot subsidy after the national science and technology plan (special project, fund).
3. Carry out pilot projects for innovation and transformation of leading enterprises, and explore new mechanisms for the government to support enterprise technological innovation, management innovation and business model innovation.
4. Adhere to the direction of structural tax reduction, and gradually transform the state’s investment in enterprise technological innovation into inclusive fiscal and taxation policies.
5. Make overall plans to study the policy of adding and deducting enterprise income tax, improve the accounting method of enterprise R&D expenses, adjust the catalogue management method, and expand the application scope of the policy of adding and deducting R&D expenses.
6. Improve the performance evaluation system of technological innovation in state-owned enterprises, and increase the proportion of technological innovation in the performance evaluation of state-owned enterprises. Classify the R&D input and output of state-owned enterprises, and form an assessment mechanism that encourages innovation and tolerates failure. Improve the interim measures for the performance evaluation of the heads of central enterprises.
7. Establish and improve policies that support the procurement of innovative products and services in line with international rules, and increase the procurement of innovative products and services. Encourage the use of non-tendering procurement methods such as first purchase and ordering, and government procurement services to support them, and promote the research and development and large-scale application of innovative products.
8 study and improve the use of the first (set) of major technical equipment to encourage policies, improve the research and use of units in product innovation, value-added services and demonstration applications and other aspects of the incentive and restraint mechanism. Promote the insurance compensation mechanism for the first (set) of major technical equipment.
(B) to strengthen the construction of scientific and technological innovation service system, improve the way to support innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises.
9. Formulate the conditions and standards for small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises, and open up a convenient channel for implementing the innovation policy to support small and medium-sized enterprises.
10. Improve the innovation service system for small and medium-sized enterprises, accelerate the professional and market-oriented reform of institutions such as business incubation, intellectual property services and third-party inspection and certification, and build a socialized, professional and networked technological innovation service platform for small and medium-sized enterprises.
11. Revise the management measures for the identification of high-tech enterprises, focus on encouraging small and medium-sized enterprises to increase research and development, and incorporate core technologies related to cultural and scientific support and scientific and technological services into high-tech fields supported by the state.
12. Implement and improve relevant measures for government procurement to promote the innovation and development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve measures such as reserving procurement shares and evaluating preferential treatment for small and medium-sized enterprises in government procurement.
(3) Improve the collaborative innovation mechanism for Industry-University-Research and strengthen the organic connection between innovation chain and the industrial chain.
13. Encourage the construction of industrial technology innovation strategic alliance led by enterprises and cooperated by Industry-University-Research, formulate measures to promote the development of the alliance, and further optimize the layout of the alliance in key industries and key regions according to the principle of voluntariness and market mechanism. Strengthen the construction of pilot base and common technology research and development platform in Industry-University-Research.
14. Explore the new mode of enterprise-led, college collaboration, diversified investment, integration of defense and civilian technologies and achievement sharing in strategic areas, and integrate them to form a number of industrial innovation centers.
15. Formulate specific management measures, allowing qualified scientific researchers in institutions of higher learning and research institutes to carry out innovative work or start enterprises with scientific research projects and achievements and retain basic treatment with the approval of their units.
16. Carry out the pilot work of setting up mobile posts in universities and research institutes to attract part-time talents of enterprises, and allow universities and research institutes to set up a certain proportion of mobile posts to attract entrepreneurs with innovative practical experience and part-time talents of enterprises. In the pilot project, the working experience of enterprises is regarded as a necessary condition for new engineering teachers in colleges and universities.
17. Improve the salary and post management system of scientific research personnel, break the institutional and institutional obstacles of talent flow, and promote the rational flow of scientific research personnel between institutions and enterprises. We will speed up the reform of the social security system and improve the policy of transferring and continuing the social security relationship between institutions and enterprises.
Third, build a more efficient scientific research system
Scientific research institutes and institutions of higher learning are the main force of source innovation, and their original innovation and service to economic and social development must be greatly enhanced. Deepen the classification reform of scientific research institutes and the reform of scientific research system and mechanism in colleges and universities, build a governance structure that conforms to the law of innovation and has clear functional orientation, improve scientific research organization and operation management mechanism, strengthen classified management and performance appraisal, enhance knowledge creation and supply, and build a solid foundation of national innovation system.
(D) to speed up the classification reform of scientific research institutes, and establish and improve the system of modern scientific research institutes.
18 improve the corporate governance structure of scientific research institutes, promote scientific research institutions to formulate articles of association, explore the board system, and promote scientific research institutions to cancel administrative levels.
19. Formulate interim provisions on the management of leaders in scientific research institutions, and standardize the qualifications, selection and appointment, assessment, evaluation, encouragement, supervision and management of leaders. In conditional units, the appointment system shall be implemented for the director of the hospital (institute).
20 to promote the classification reform of public welfare research institutes, and implement the autonomy of scientific research institutions in staffing management, personnel employment, professional title evaluation, performance salary distribution and other aspects.
21. Adhere to the direction of enterprise transformation of technology development scientific research institutions. For the transformed scientific research institutions that undertake more common tasks in industries, an industrial technology research and development group can be established to conduct classified management and classified assessment of common technology research and market operation activities in industries. Promote the transformation of scientific research institutes focusing on production and business activities to deepen market-oriented reform, and actively develop mixed ownership by introducing social capital or listing as a whole. On the basis of clear positioning and standards, teams with strong basic ability in some transformed scientific research institutes will be guided to return to public welfare, participate in the construction of state key laboratories and support them to continue to undertake national tasks.
22. Study and formulate evaluation methods for innovation performance of scientific research institutions, implement peer evaluation for basic and cutting-edge technology research, highlight the medium and long-term goal orientation, and shift the evaluation focus from the quantity of research results to the research quality, original value and actual contribution; Strengthen the evaluation of national goals and social responsibilities for public welfare research, regularly organize third-party evaluation of public welfare research institutions, take the evaluation results as an important basis for financial support, and guide the establishment of public welfare research institutions to rely on national resources to serve the industry innovation mechanism. Expand the pilot scope of performance funding for scientific research institutions, and gradually establish a financial support performance funding system for scientific research institutions.
23. Implement the initiative plan of China Academy of Sciences. Give full play to the advantages of integrating scientific research institutes, departments and educational institutions, and explore the national modern scientific research institute system with China characteristics.
(5) Improve the scientific research system of institutions of higher learning and build a number of world-class universities and first-class disciplines.
24. According to the management reform plan of the science and technology plan of the central finance, the "Innovation Ability Enhancement Plan of Colleges and Universities" (2011 Plan) will be implemented.
25. Formulate an overall plan, make overall plans to promote the construction of world-class universities and disciplines, improve the mechanism of specialty setting and dynamic adjustment, establish a discipline evaluation system with reference to international first-class disciplines of the same kind, expand exchanges and cooperation, and steadily promote the internationalization process of colleges and universities.
26. Start the reform of scientific research organization in colleges and universities, carry out the pilot project of setting up scientific research posts independently, and promote the reform of the employment system of researchers in colleges and universities.
(six) to promote the development of new R&D institutions and form a cross-regional and cross-industry R&D and service network.
27 to develop opinions to encourage the development of new socialized R&D institutions and explore non-profit operation mode.
28. Optimize the layout of national laboratories, key laboratories, engineering laboratories and engineering (technical) research centers, classify and integrate according to functional positioning, and build an open, shared and interactive innovation network. Formulate the national laboratory development plan, operation rules and management methods, and explore new governance structure and operation mechanism.
Fourth, reform the personnel training, evaluation and incentive mechanism
The innovation drive is essentially a talent drive. Reform and improve the talent development mechanism, increase the training of innovative talents, classify and evaluate scientific and technological personnel engaged in different innovative activities, formulate and implement incentive policies to encourage innovation and creation, encourage scientific researchers to continue research and long-term accumulation, and fully mobilize and stimulate people’s enthusiasm and creativity.
(7) Improve the training mode of innovative talents and strengthen the reserve force of scientific and technological innovative talents.
29 to carry out heuristic, inquiry, research-based teaching method reform pilot, carry forward the scientific spirit, and create an innovative culture that encourages innovation and tolerates failure. Reform the training mode of basic education, respect the development of personality, and strengthen the cultivation of hobbies and creative thinking.
30. Focusing on personnel training, we will focus on improving the quality of undergraduate education, speed up the transformation of some ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities to applied technology-oriented colleges and universities, carry out joint enrollment and training pilot projects between schools and enterprises, and expand the ways and means of cooperation between schools and enterprises in educating people.
31. Reform the postgraduate training mode by classification, explore a new mode of combining science and education with academic degree postgraduate training, expand the enrollment ratio of professional degree postgraduate students, enhance the integration of teaching and practice, establish a tutor responsibility system and a tutor project funding system led by scientific and engineering technology research, and implement the "double tutor system" for joint postgraduate training in Industry-University-Research.
32. Formulate implementation opinions on deepening the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, and increase the training of innovative and entrepreneurial talents.
(eight) the implementation of scientific and technological personnel classification evaluation, the establishment of ability and contribution oriented evaluation and incentive mechanism.
33. Establish and improve the training, use, attraction and incentive mechanisms for all kinds of talents, and formulate opinions on deepening the reform of the system and mechanism for talent development.
34. Improve the way of talent evaluation, formulate guiding opinions on promoting the reform of talent evaluation mechanism by classification, and enhance the scientific nature of talent evaluation. Establish a classified evaluation system for personnel engaged in different activities such as basic and cutting-edge technology research, applied research and achievement transformation.
35. Improve the evaluation criteria and methods of professional titles of scientific and technological talents, formulate opinions on deepening the reform of professional title system, and promote the effective connection between the evaluation results of professional titles and the employment of scientific and technological talents.
36. Study and formulate policies and opinions on the income distribution incentive mechanism for high-level talents in public institutions, and improve the distribution incentive mechanism to encourage innovation and creation. Optimize the salary structure and ensure the reasonable salary level of scientific research personnel. Promote the implementation of performance pay in scientific research institutions, improve the internal distribution mechanism, and focus on key positions, business backbones and personnel who have made outstanding contributions.
(nine) deepen the reform of the science and technology award system, strengthen the honor of the award and the incentive to people.
37. Formulate a plan to deepen the reform of science and technology awards, gradually improve the recommendation and nomination system, and highlight the incentives for major scientific and technological contributions, outstanding innovation teams and young talents.
38. Improve the national science and technology awards and revise the regulations on national science and technology awards.
39. Guide and standardize social forces to set up awards and formulate guiding opinions on encouraging social forces to set up science and technology awards.
(ten) improve the academician system, improve the academician selection, management and withdrawal mechanism.
40. Improve the co-option mechanism for academicians, improve the way of recommending (nominating) academicians, and carry out the recommendation and selection of academicians in accordance with the new articles of association and relevant implementation measures.
41 formulate relevant measures to regulate the academic part-time job and treatment of academicians, and clarify the relevant standards and scope.
42. Formulate specific management measures to implement the withdrawal mechanism of academicians, and strengthen the exemplary role of academicians in the construction of scientific ethics.
Five, improve the mechanism to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
The transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces is the essential requirement of innovation-driven development. It is necessary to improve the system for the use, disposal and revenue management of scientific and technological achievements, increase the incentives for researchers to transform scientific research achievements, build a service support system, open up channels for the transformation of achievements, embody innovative value through the application of achievements, and create wealth through the transformation of achievements.
(eleven) to further promote the reform of the use, disposal and income management of scientific and technological achievements, and strengthen the incentive for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
43. Promote the revision of the Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements and relevant policies and regulations. In scientific research institutes and institutions of higher learning established with financial funds, the income from the transfer of service invention achievements will be reasonably distributed among important contributors and subordinate units, and the proportion of important contributors and teams used to reward scientific research leaders, key technicians and so on can be increased from the current level of not less than 20% to not less than 50%.
44. In combination with the requirements of the reform of the classification of public institutions, the right to use, dispose of and benefit from scientific and technological achievements supported by financial funds, which are not related to national defense, national security, national interests and major social and public interests, will be delegated to eligible project undertakers as soon as possible. The competent department of the unit and the financial department will no longer approve or record the use and disposal of scientific and technological achievements in China, and all the income from the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements will be returned to the unit, included in the unit budget, and unified management will be implemented, and the disposal income will not be turned over to the state treasury. Summarize the pilot experience and combine the revision process of the law on promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements to promote relevant policies nationwide as soon as possible.
45. Improve the service invention system, promote the revision of the patent law, company law and other related contents, improve the scientific and technological achievements, intellectual property ownership and benefit sharing mechanism, and increase the benefit ratio of key teams and major inventors. Improve the reward system and the dispute arbitration and legal relief system for service inventions.
46. Formulate measures to accelerate the implementation of equity and dividend incentive policies throughout the country, and relax the restrictions on the establishment period and profit level of enterprises with equity incentives and equity sales for enterprises in institutions such as colleges and universities and research institutes whose shares are priced by scientific and technological achievements. Establish an incentive system to promote the innovation of state-owned enterprises, and implement equity and dividend incentive policies for technicians who have made important contributions to innovation.
47. To implement the relevant policies of reward for the transformation of achievements of state-owned enterprises and institutions. The rewards of state-owned enterprises and institutions for the completion of service inventions, important contributors to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and teams are included in the total wages of the unit in the current year, but not included in total wage base.
48. Improve the management of intangible assets in public institutions and explore the establishment of an assessment mechanism for the management of state-owned assets that adapts to the characteristics of intangible assets.
(12) Improve the technology transfer mechanism and accelerate the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.
49. Strengthen the management of intellectual property rights in institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutes, improve the system of technology transfer, formulate specific measures, promote the establishment of specialized institutions and professional talent teams, and strengthen the rights and responsibilities of intellectual property application and operation. Gradually realize the separation of institutions of higher learning and research institutes from their subordinate companies. In principle, institutions of higher learning and research institutes will no longer start new enterprises, strengthen the external diffusion of scientific and technological achievements by means of licensing, and encourage technology transfer by means of transfer and pricing shares.
50. Establish and improve the annual statistics and reporting system for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutes. The scientific and technological achievements supported by financial funds, except those involving national defense, national security, national interests and major social and public interests, cannot be transformed within a reasonable period of time, and can be enforced by the state according to law.
51. Build a national technology trading market system, and on the premise of clarifying the regulatory responsibilities and rules, connect the existing regional technology trading platforms established according to law and standardized in operation with information networks, and formulate measures to promote the development of technology trading and related service industries.
52. Coordinate the research on the promotion of the pilot policy of individual income tax for scientific and technological personnel’s equity incentives implemented in the national independent innovation demonstration zone.
53. To study and formulate the policy of exemption from the transfer of state-owned shares formed by scientific research institutes and institutions of higher learning.
54. Promote the revision of the standardization law and strengthen the role of standardization in promoting the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements.
55. Improve the interactive support mechanism between science and technology and standardization, formulate measures to improve the level of technical standards by science and technology and promote the transformation and application of technical achievements by technical standards, formulate guiding opinions on the development of group standards and good norms of standardization, encourage strategic alliances of industrial technological innovation and societies and associations to coordinate market participants to jointly formulate group standards, accelerate the marketization and industrialization of innovation achievements, and improve the internationalization level of standards.
Six, establish and improve the mechanism of combining science and technology with finance.
Financial innovation plays an important role in promoting technological innovation. It is necessary to vigorously develop venture capital, establish a multi-level capital market to support innovation mechanism, build diversified financing channels, support the development of structural and complex financial products that meet the characteristics of innovation, improve the combination mechanism of science and technology and finance, and form a good situation in which various financial instruments cooperate to support innovation and development.
(thirteen) expand the scale of venture capital, increase support for innovative enterprises in the early, middle and early stages.
56. Expand the scale of the National Fund for Guiding the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements, and attract outstanding venture capital management teams to jointly set up a number of sub-funds to carry out loan risk compensation.
57. Establish a national venture capital guidance fund for emerging industries to drive social capital to support the development of innovative enterprises in strategic emerging industries and high-tech industries in the early, middle and early stages.
58. Study the establishment of a national fund for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and keep the investment direction focused on small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises.
59. Study and formulate relevant laws and regulations on angel investment, encourage and standardize the development of angel investment, and issue provisional regulations on the management of private investment funds.
60. In accordance with the direction and requirements of the tax reform, we should make overall research on relevant tax support policies for investment in innovative activities such as seed stage and initial stage, including angel investment.
61. Study and expand the preferential tax policies to promote the development of venture capital enterprises, appropriately relax the conditions for venture capital enterprises to invest in high-tech enterprises, and expand the scope of venture capital enterprises enjoying the investment deduction policy to the legal person partners of limited partnership venture capital enterprises on a pilot basis.
62. Establish a state-owned capital venture capital fund system in combination with the reform of state-owned enterprises, and improve the incentive and restraint mechanism of state-owned venture capital institutions.
63. Improve the regulations on foreign-invested venture capital enterprises and guide overseas capital to invest in innovation fields.
64. To study the relevant policies for insurance funds to invest in venture capital funds, and formulate measures for insurance funds to set up private investment funds.
(14) Strengthen the capital market’s support for technological innovation and accelerate the development of innovative growth enterprises.
65. Give play to the role of the equity pledge financing mechanism of the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, and support qualified innovative and entrepreneurial enterprises to issue corporate bonds.
66. Support qualified enterprises to issue project income bonds, and raise funds to increase investment in innovation.
67. Promote the revision of relevant laws and regulations and carry out pilot projects of intellectual property securitization.
68. Carry out equity crowdfunding pilot projects, and actively explore and standardize the development of Internet finance for service innovation.
69. Accelerate the reform of the Growth Enterprise Market, promote the reform of the stock issuance and registration system, improve the institutional arrangements suitable for the development of innovative and growth-oriented enterprises, expand the coverage of serving the real economy, strengthen the financing, mergers and acquisitions, trading and other functions of the national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises, and standardize the development of regional equity markets serving small and micro enterprises. Strengthen the organic connection of capital markets at different levels.
(15) Broaden indirect financing channels for technological innovation and improve diversified financing system.
70. Establish a market-oriented risk compensation mechanism for intellectual property pledge financing, simplify the financing process of intellectual property pledge, encourage qualified areas to establish a reward and compensation mechanism and reinsurance system for science and technology insurance, accelerate the development of science and technology insurance, carry out pilot projects for patent insurance, and improve the service mechanism for patent insurance.
71. Improve relevant laws of commercial banks. Select qualified banking financial institutions, explore pilot ways to provide financing services combining equity and creditor’s rights for enterprise innovation activities, and realize investment and loan linkage with venture capital and equity investment institutions.
72. Under the guidance of relevant departments and regulatory agencies, policy banks will accelerate the innovation of financial products and services within their business scope and increase credit support for qualified enterprise innovation activities.
73. Steadily develop private banks, establish a corresponding regulatory system, and support financial product innovation for the innovation needs of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Seven, (omitted)
Eight, build a coordinated and innovative governance mechanism.
Deepening the reform of science and technology management is the fundamental way to improve the efficiency of the allocation and use of science and technology resources. It is necessary to accelerate the transformation of government functions, strengthen the overall coordination and effective connection of policies in science and technology, economy and society, reform the management of science and technology plan of the central government, improve the basic system of science and technology management, establish an innovation-driven performance appraisal mechanism, and promote the modernization of science and technology governance system and governance capacity.
(eighteen) improve the government’s overall coordination and decision-making consultation mechanism, and improve the scientific level of scientific and technological decision-making.
82. Establish a communication and coordination mechanism for departmental scientific and technological innovation, strengthen the overall coordination of innovation planning, task arrangement and project implementation, and optimize the allocation of scientific and technological resources.
83. Establish a national scientific and technological innovation decision-making consultation mechanism, give full play to the supporting role of scientific and technological circles and think tanks in innovation decision-making, set up a national scientific and technological innovation advisory committee, and regularly report international scientific and technological innovation trends to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council.
84. Establish and improve the national science and technology planning system. The national science and technology planning will further focus on strategic needs and focus on key areas where the market cannot effectively allocate resources. Further clarify the central and local scientific and technological management powers and functions, and establish a coordinated linkage mechanism with unified responsibilities and rights.
85. Establish a coordinated review mechanism for innovation policies, start the policy clean-up, abolish the policy clauses that violate the law of innovation and hinder the development of innovation, and review whether the newly formulated policies restrict innovation.
86. Establish an innovation policy investigation and evaluation system, regularly track and analyze the implementation of policies, and adjust and improve them in time.
(nineteen) to promote the management reform of the central government’s science and technology plan (special projects, funds, etc.) and rebuild the management system of science and technology plan.
87. Optimize and integrate existing science and technology plans (special projects, funds, etc.), reconstruct the layout of national science and technology plans according to five types of science and technology plans, such as the National Natural Science Foundation, major national science and technology projects, national key R&D plans, technical innovation guidance projects (funds), bases and talent projects, and implement classified management and classified support.
88. Build a unified national science and technology management platform, establish an inter-ministerial joint meeting system for the management of national science and technology plans (special projects, funds, etc.), set up a strategic consultation and comprehensive review committee, formulate rules of procedure, improve the operation mechanism, and strengthen overall coordination of major issues.
89. Establish the project management mechanism of professional institutions, formulate the reconstruction plan and management system of professional institutions, and gradually promote the marketization and socialization of professional institutions.
90. Establish a unified national science and technology plan supervision and evaluation mechanism, formulate general rules and standards for supervision and evaluation, strengthen the implementation of science and technology plans and supervision and inspection of funds, and carry out third-party evaluation.
(twenty) reform the management of scientific research projects and funds, and establish an efficient and standardized management system that conforms to the laws of scientific research.
91. Establish five types of science and technology plans (special projects, funds, etc.) management and fund management systems, formulate and revise relevant plan management methods and fund management methods, improve and standardize project management processes, and improve the efficiency of fund use.
92. Improve the overhead management system of scientific research projects.
93. Improve the system of official card settlement for scientific research project funds, improve the system of inspection and auditing of scientific research projects and funds, investigate and deal with violations of laws and regulations according to law, and improve the supervision mechanism for scientific research projects and funds.
94. Formulate guiding documents to strengthen basic research, strengthen top-level design and comprehensive policies in terms of scientific research layout, scientific research evaluation, policy environment and capital investment, and effectively increase support for basic research. We will improve the coordination mechanism between stable support and competitive support, increase the intensity of stable support, support research institutions to independently arrange scientific research projects, and expand academic autonomy and individual scientific research topic selection rights of universities and research institutes. Establish an inclusive and supportive system for "non-consensus" innovative projects in the field of basic research.
95. Improve the scientific research credit management system, and establish a step-by-step assessment accountability mechanism and a responsibility investigation system covering project decision-making, management and implementation.
(twenty-one) comprehensively promote the construction of the basic system of science and technology management, and promote the open sharing of scientific and technological resources.
96. Establish a unified national science and technology plan management information system and a central financial research project database, and implement the whole process trace management for science and technology plans.
97. Fully implement the national science and technology report system, establish a service mechanism for sharing scientific and technological reports, and take the submission and sharing of scientific and technological reports as the basis for the follow-up support of the project undertaker.
98. Comprehensively promote the construction of the national innovation investigation system, and issue monitoring and evaluation reports on innovation capabilities of countries, regions, high-tech zones and enterprises.
99. Establish a unified and open national network management platform for scientific research facilities and instruments, incorporate all qualified scientific research facilities and instruments into the platform management, and establish an open sharing system and operation subsidy mechanism for major national scientific research infrastructure and large scientific research instruments.
(twenty-two) improve the macroeconomic statistical index system and performance evaluation mechanism, and strengthen the innovation-driven orientation.
100. Improve and perfect the GDP accounting method to reflect the economic value of scientific and technological innovation. Study and establish an evaluation index of innovation-driven development that combines scientific and technological innovation, intellectual property rights and industrial development, and incorporate it into the national economic and social development plan.
101. Improve the performance evaluation methods of local party and government leading cadres, and include the effectiveness of innovation-driven development in the assessment scope.
Nine, promote the formation of deep integration of the open and innovative situation.
Plan and promote scientific and technological innovation with a global perspective. Adhere to the combination of bringing in and going abroad, carry out all-round, multi-level and high-level international scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges, carry out the "Thousand Talents Plan" and "Ten Thousand Talents Plan" in depth, increase the introduction of advanced technologies and overseas high-level talents, make full use of global innovation resources, promote the export of technologies and standards with more active strategies, and enhance the internationalization level of China’s scientific and technological innovation.
(twenty-three) the orderly opening of the national science and technology plan, improve the global influence of China’s science and technology.
102. Formulate measures for the administration of opening up the national science and technology plan, encourage foreign-funded R&D centers in China to participate in undertaking the national science and technology plan projects, carry out high value-added original R&D activities, and start foreign scientists to participate in undertaking the pilot projects of the national science and technology plan projects.
103. In the fields of basic research and research on major global issues, research and launch international large-scale scientific plans and projects, and actively participate in large-scale international scientific and technological cooperation plans. Attract internationally renowned scientific research institutions to China to jointly set up an international science and technology center. Encourage and support China scientists to work in international science and technology organizations.
(twenty-four) to implement a more active talent introduction policy and gather global innovative talents.
104. Formulate opinions on the management of foreigners’ permanent residence, speed up the legislation on the management of foreigners’ permanent residence, standardize and relax the conditions for skilled talents to obtain foreigners’ permanent residence permits, explore the establishment of a skilled immigration system, and give China citizens the same treatment for foreign high-level talents holding foreigners’ permanent residence permits in establishing scientific and technological enterprises and other innovative activities.
105. We will speed up the formulation of regulations governing the work of foreigners in China, facilitate the work permit for qualified foreign talents, and provide visa and residence facilities for qualified foreign talents and their accompanying families. Cancel the age limit for foreign high-level scientific and technological innovation talents who meet certain conditions to work in China.
106. State-owned enterprises and institutions will carry out a pilot program of market-oriented remuneration in selecting and hiring international high-end talents, and increase incentives for high-end talents.
107. Focusing on the major needs of the country, we will introduce high-level scientific and technological innovation talents such as chief scientists to the world. Establish a visiting scholar system to attract overseas high-level talents to return to China to engage in innovative research.
108. Pilot global recruitment for non-confidential positions in institutions of higher learning and research institutes will be carried out to increase the proportion of global recruitment for directors of research institutes.
109. Gradually relax the foreign shareholding ratio and minimum registered capital requirements of foreign-invested talent intermediary service institutions. Encourage qualified domestic human resources service institutions to go out and cooperate with foreign human resources service institutions and set up branches abroad.
(twenty-five) encourage enterprises to establish an international innovation network, and enhance the ability of enterprises to use international innovation resources.
110. Further improve the innovation dialogue mechanism with major countries, actively attract enterprises to participate, and build communication and dialogue platforms for enterprises in R&D cooperation, technical standards, intellectual property rights and cross-border mergers and acquisitions.
111. Improve the comprehensive coordination mechanism, support domestic technologies, products, standards and brands to go global, and support enterprises to set up R&D centers overseas and participate in the formulation of international standards. Strengthen the evaluation of technical trade measures and risk early warning mechanism.
(twenty-six) to optimize the management system of overseas innovation investment and encourage the cross-border flow of innovation elements.
112. Study the establishment of overseas innovation investment funds initiated by key state-owned financial institutions, and foreign exchange reserves will participate in the establishment of funds through creditor’s rights, equity and other means, and actively absorb other funds to make more and better use of global innovation resources.
113. Formulate measures to encourage listed companies to invest in innovative projects overseas and reform the investment information disclosure system.
114. Formulate relevant regulations, and implement the supervision system that R&D units promise in advance and connect in parallel afterwards for foreign exchange payment required for international R&D cooperation projects.
115. Classified management shall be carried out for scientific researchers going abroad on business, and the limited batch management policy for temporary going abroad on business shall be relaxed.
116. Reform the inspection management, classify the equipment, samples and samples needed for R&D, and adopt key auditing, sampling inspection and exemption from inspection under the premise of ensuring safety, so as to improve the efficiency of auditing.
Ten, create a good ecological incentive innovation.
Actively create a fair, open and transparent market environment and promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation. Strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, improve the access management and industrial access system of new technologies, new products and new business models, accelerate the reform of monopoly industries, establish a mechanism that mainly determines the price of factors by the market, form an industrial policy orientation that is conducive to transformation and upgrading, encourage innovation, and create a cultural and social atmosphere that dares to explore, encourages innovation, and tolerates failure.
(twenty-seven) the implementation of strict intellectual property protection system, encourage entrepreneurship and encourage innovation.
117. Improve laws related to intellectual property protection, study and reduce the threshold of criminal responsibility for infringement, adjust the standard of damages, and explore the implementation of punitive damages system. Improve the rights protection mechanism of obligees and reasonably divide the burden of proof of obligees.
118. Improve the legal system for the protection of trade secrets, clarify the definitions of trade secrets and torts, study and formulate relevant protection measures, and explore the establishment of a pre-litigation protection system.
119. Study the measures for the protection of intellectual property rights of new forms of innovations such as business models.
120. Improve the working mechanism of intellectual property trial, promote the "three-in-one" trial of intellectual property civil, administrative and criminal cases, actively play the role of intellectual property courts, explore the establishment of a cross-regional trial mechanism of intellectual property cases in different places, and break the local protection of infringement.
121. Improve the investigation mechanism of intellectual property rights infringement, strengthen the connection between administrative law enforcement and justice, strengthen comprehensive administrative law enforcement of intellectual property rights, and incorporate information on infringement into social credit records.
122. Establish an overseas IPR protection assistance mechanism, improve the construction of overseas IPR protection information platform of China IPR Protection Network and the directory of overseas IPR service agencies and experts.
(twenty-eight) to break the industry monopoly and market segmentation that restrict innovation, and create a market environment that encourages innovation.
123. Accelerate the reform of monopoly industries, liberalize the competitive business of natural monopoly industries, and establish a unified, transparent, orderly and standardized market environment that encourages innovation. Effectively strengthen anti-monopoly law enforcement, timely discover and stop monopolistic behaviors such as monopoly agreements and abuse of market dominance, and expand space for the innovation and development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
124. Break local protection, clean up and abolish local regulations and practices that hinder the national unified market, correct local governments’ improper subsidies or use administrative power to restrict and eliminate competition, and explore the implementation of a fair competition review system.
(twenty-nine) improve market access and supervision, and improve the industrial technology policy to liberalize the market and stimulate innovation.
125. Reform the market access system, formulate and implement the negative list of industrial access, and all kinds of market entities can enter the industries, fields and businesses that are not included in the negative list management on an equal footing according to law.
126. Remove unreasonable barriers to access that restrict the development of new technologies, new products and new business models. Establish a convenient and efficient supervision mode for innovative products such as drugs and medical devices, deepen the reform of the review and approval system, increase the review resources through various channels, optimize the process, shorten the cycle, and support the development of new organizational models such as commissioned production.
127. Formulate targeted access policies for new energy vehicles, wind power and photovoltaics.
128. Improve relevant management systems, improve supervision in the fields of Internet, finance, environmental protection, health care, culture and education, and support and encourage the development of new formats and new business models.
129. Reform the industrial supervision system, and change the pre-approval to the post-event supervision according to law.
130. Clarify and gradually improve the environmental, energy-saving, water-saving, land-saving, material-saving, quality and safety indicators and related standards for production links and market access, and form a unified, authoritative, open and transparent market access standard system. Improve the technical standard system and formulate and implement mandatory standards.
131. Strengthen the process supervision of the implementation of industrial technology policies and standards. Establish and improve the administrative law enforcement linkage mechanism of environmental protection, quality inspection, industry and commerce, safety supervision and other departments.
(30) Promote the factor price reform that is conducive to innovation and form an innovation reversal mechanism.
132. Using the mechanism that the market mainly determines the price of factors, enterprises are urged to change from relying on excessive consumption of resources and energy and low-performance and low-cost competition to relying on innovation and implementing differentiated competition.
133. Accelerate the reform of resource tax, and gradually expand the resource tax to occupy various natural ecological spaces.
134. Promote the change of environmental protection fees into taxes.
135. Improve the market-oriented industrial land price formation mechanism.
136. Improve the normal wage growth mechanism of enterprise employees, so as to adapt the changes in labor costs to the improvement of economic quality and efficiency.
(thirty-one) to cultivate innovative culture and form a social atmosphere to support innovation and entrepreneurship.
137. Develop various forms of innovation and entrepreneurship models such as crowd-creation, crowdfunding, crowdsourcing and virtual innovation and entrepreneurship communities, and study and formulate policies and measures to develop crowd-creation space to promote mass innovation and entrepreneurship.
138. Thoroughly implement the outline of the action plan for the scientific literacy of the whole people, strengthen the popularization of science, and promote the informatization construction of popular science, so as to realize that the proportion of Chinese citizens with basic scientific literacy will reach 10% by 2020.
139. Innovate scientific and technological propaganda methods, highlight the propaganda of major scientific and technological innovation projects, major scientific and technological activities, outstanding scientific and technological workers, and typical stories of innovation and entrepreneurship, and create a cultural atmosphere and value concept of advocating science and respecting innovation in the whole society.
XI. Promoting regional innovation reform
Following the law of high concentration of innovation regions, we highlighted classified guidance and system reform, selected several provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) to try out key reform measures first, made a number of major reform breakthroughs, copied and popularized a number of reform measures and major policies, and some localities took the lead in realizing innovation-driven development transformation, leading, demonstrating and driving the country to accelerate the realization of innovation-driven development.
(thirty-two) to create a regional innovation platform with innovation demonstration and leading role.
140. Following the law of high concentration of innovation regions, we will systematically carry out comprehensive innovation reform experiments in qualified provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), authorize reform experiments in intellectual property rights, scientific research institutes, higher education, talent flow, international cooperation, financial innovation, incentive mechanism and market access, strive to make new breakthroughs in important fields and key links, sum up promotion experience in time, play a demonstration and leading role, and promote the in-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy. A general plan for promoting comprehensive innovation and reform experiments in some regional systems was issued, and the reform experiments were started.
141. Further promote the pilot construction of innovative provinces and innovative cities.
142. In accordance with the construction principles and overall layout of the National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone, we will promote the construction of the National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone, and strengthen the reform of institutional mechanisms and policies.
143. Formulate guiding opinions on innovation-driven development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei to support the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.
Deepening the reform of science and technology system is a major reform related to the overall development of the country. It is necessary to strengthen leadership and carefully organize its implementation. The national leading group for scientific and technological system reform and innovation system construction should strengthen overall coordination and supervise implementation. All relevant departments and localities should attach great importance to it and conscientiously implement relevant tasks. Each lead unit should take overall responsibility for the lead task, formulate specific implementation plans with other participating units, clarify the responsible person, road map and timetable, speed up the implementation of various tasks, and ensure that the tasks are completed according to the progress requirements.
