Why can Chen Sicheng make the box office of Disappeared She approach 4 billion？

2025年12月6日 | admin | A1


Special feature of 1905 film network As of noon on July 15th, the box office of movies has exceeded 3.3 billion, and now it ranks 14th in the total box office list of China! And the key of this film has been postponed to August 21st, so it is foreseeable that the final achievement of this film will never stop there.



What did the producer do right in "Disappeared She", apart from the excellent actor Cass and the reverse script?


Today’s Film Review will talk about it today:How does Chen Sicheng create his own Chen movie universe step by step?


Is there a formula for Chen suspense?



Dismantling the films that Chen Sicheng participated in the production in the past, we can see that both the series and the series have four characteristics of high continuity:


The blueprint of the story of the doctrine of taking.


There is a very interesting phenomenon in the screenplay produced by Chen Sicheng. All the screenplay stories have their prototypes or blueprints. Among them, the film "Disappearing She" purchased the screenplay authorization of "China pregnant woman falling off a cliff in Thailand"; Sheep Without A Shepherd, on the other hand, is a replica of Indian movies, and makes movies based on stories that have already passed the market verification, so that Chen Sicheng can avoid the direct disconnection between movie stories and the market to the greatest extent.


Crime Stories in Overseas Context



The second feature of Chen’s suspense films is that all the stories are set overseas.


There is no doubt that a key word linked to suspense films is crime, and the setting of overseas background enables Chen Sicheng to skillfully evade the domestic restrictions on such topics, and also enables him to be at home in the film production of overseas Chinese crimes, a special subtype.


Multi-fusion commercial genre films



If we only look at suspense movies, there is no shortage of well-made movies in China, such as, and so on. These movies are actually very good suspense movies. But unfortunately, their box office basically stopped at 10 million levels and failed to set off a "suspense storm" in the market.



Compared with these films, Chen’s suspense films have made a very clever step in genre fusion. Chen Sicheng is very good at blending comedy and action elements into suspense, and polishing the serious and meticulous suspense films with more diversified colors, which not only takes more consideration of the audience in the sinking market, but also gives the film itself more wonderful scenes that can be "out of the circle".


"Chen’s movie universe" created by IP



There is no doubt that one of the most important threads in Chen Sicheng’s film making is to construct his own IP universe.


For example, detective chinatown series has made three movies and two online dramas so far, and the foreign drama of detective chinatown series animation will be launched soon, and the series of Tang Detective 1900 will also start shooting. This "Tang Detective" universe has been slowly unfolding.



After "Disappeared She" got excellent market feedback, Chen Sicheng immediately put the project "Disappeared TA" on the agenda, and even quickly produced a series of miniseries "Disappeared She" with short video platforms.


It can be seen that there is a huge IP serialization and even industrialization framework behind all the works produced by Chen Sicheng.


From this, we can sum up the production formula of Chen’s suspense film:Borrowism+overseas background+business type integration+series IP construction



Chen Sicheng teaches you film marketing.


After the release of "Disappeared She", not only the film market has made outstanding achievements, but also the marketing market has been played by "Disappeared She".


During the release period, "Disappeared She" won nearly a thousand marketing events, which even exceeded the sum of marketing events of films released in the same period.


"Please stay away from lovers"　Chen Sicheng plays reverse marketing.

When it comes to the marketing methods of "Disappeared She", the first thing I have to mention is "reverse marketing".



I believe that Chen Sicheng had locked in the female consumer group when he first framed the blueprint of the story "Disappeared She". However, unlike the producers who used to focus on women in the market, he no longer praised the beauty, loyalty and unswerving love, but focused on "I am not suitable for couples to watch". This unique slogan captured the audience’s curiosity and made the audience suspicious. "Why don’t you let me watch it? I’m going to have a look. "


"The more you brush, the more you want to see it."　Chen Sicheng plays short video marketing.

If we want to talk about how to play short video marketing in Chen Sicheng, we have to look at it from two levels.



The first one is the short video of the movie story "Disappeared She". The story begins with strong suspense, and in the narrative process, it constantly uses inversion as a hook to incite the audience’s emotions, and deeply pulls the audience’s attention with fast rhythm and multiple inversions, so that the audience can call "great stamina" and "can’t get out" after watching the movie.



The second is the short video of film marketing. Because of the many reversal plots brought by the film itself, a short video material library has naturally formed. At the same time, the film side encourages short video creators to make second creations, and a large number of official and unofficial short videos have sprung up on the short video platform, so that the audience who did not watch the movie can’t finish it until they arouse their curiosity and let them go into the cinema to watch it.



At the same time, the topic marketing of "Disappeared She" broke the traditional film circle, combined with the film content, it incited marriage bloggers, travel bloggers and even diving bloggers to go off to promote the film, and really upgraded the project marketing of "Disappeared She" to the level of social events.


"My head is missing."　Chen Sicheng plays online and offline marketing.

In the nearly 1,000 marketing events of "Disappeared She", I believe that everyone is familiar with Zhu Yilong’s "fat beating" when she set up a brand.



In cinemas all over the country, Zhu Yilong’s face was painted with all kinds of strange pen and ink, labeled as "love rat" and "Phoenix Man", and even the head of some "Zhu Yilong" was directly cut off by the audience after watching the movie.



After seeing these contents on the short video platform, many viewers’ curiosity about the film soared, including Zhu Yilong himself, who also voiced after seeing the video: "Thank you for your devotion".


This offline and online O2O marketing has also been played by Chen Sicheng with great skill.


Chen Sicheng is "the smartest product manager in the film industry"?

The title of Chen Sicheng as the smartest product manager in the film industry originally came from an interview with him. In the interview, he bluntly said that he thought the "skill" of the film was a very important thing, but at the same time, he felt that "Tao" was above "skill".



If we break down the skill of his product manager, we can look at it from product thinking and business logic.



Compared with film works, Chen Sicheng may be more concerned about "where is my box office" and "where is my audience". This is a very obvious box office orientation, which can also be said to be the thinking of film products. And his endless marketing routines in the process of film promotion are also the embodiment of his product thinking.



At present, there are 11 companies under Chen Sicheng, which are directly related to or exist with him. These 11 companies cover movies and all walks of life around movies. With these companies, he is fully capable of building his own "movie business empire", which also enables him to bring more "non-ticket value" to a movie project, which is an important reason why the return on investment of his films is generally more than 10 times.


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Chinese Characters in Japan： Chinese characters in Japanese are also a part of Japanese culture.

2025年12月3日 | admin | A1
Are the meanings of Chinese characters mixed in Japanese characters related to their meanings in the context of China? Let’s look at the following words: unusual, anxious, wife, topic, ginseng, note. In Japanese, the meanings of these words are as follows:
"Extraordinary exit" means emergency exit;
"Jian" means very cheap;
"Wife" means old women;
"Putting the topic" means freedom without restriction;
"Ginseng" means carrot;
"Annotation" means booking and ordering food.
From the ancient times (from the 6th century to the 7th century), Japanese officially accepted Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism from Chinese mainland and the Korean Peninsula, and Chinese characters were its medium. Many years before China script was introduced into Japan, the local people had lived for a long time and had their own language, but there was no script. After Chinese was spread, they used the pronunciation of Chinese characters to mark what they said, and their understanding of Chinese characters came according to their own habits.
During the Meiji period, Japanese scholars translated Western European languages with Chinese, and created the words "economy", "labor", "ban" and "occasion", which are now widely used in Chinese. Chinese characters are used to record Japanese, and in the hands of Japanese people, they gradually develop characteristics different from Chinese characters. Some Chinese characters are pronounced according to ancient Chinese, while others are pronounced according to Japanese. Some words are written in the same way as Chinese, but their meanings are different; The Japanese even created new Chinese characters for the convenience of writing and expressing meanings, which are called "national characters".
Although the origin of Japanese characters is in China, after thousands of years of Chinese characters crossing the ocean, from imitation to choice to creation, the native and imported characters collide with each other, constantly expanding the writing system.
Recently, the Japanese scholar Hiroyuki Sasakahara’s work "Chinese Characters in Japan" was published in Chinese. The author said that in Japan, Chinese characters are rich and diverse, including widely circulated typos, "ghost characters" that no one can understand, language characters used by a specific class, personal words in literary works, and artistic words on advertising signs … Japanese Chinese characters experts have collected a lot of data and information.
On the afternoon of May 19th, Liu Xiaofeng, a professor of history in Tsinghua University, and Sun Jianjun, an associate professor of Japanese in Peking University, gave a lecture in Beijing to explain the development of Chinese characters in Japan and explore the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese cultures.
site of activity
Looking at Japan from Chinese characters
Words are clues to spy on different cultural systems. Roman characters are used in the Christian cultural circle, Greek characters are used in the Greek Orthodox Church, Cyrillic characters are used in the Russian Orthodox Church, Hebrew characters are used in the Jewish cultural circle, Arabic characters are used in the Islamic cultural circle, and Chinese characters are used in the Confucian cultural circle.
Since the Warring States period, Chinese characters have gradually spread abroad. A survey shows that up to today, about 90% of Vietnamese vocabulary and 70% of Korean vocabulary come from Chinese. In Viet Nam and the Korean Peninsula, Chinese characters have been replaced successively, and even Chinese characters suffered twists and turns in China in the 20th century. However, Japan still keeps Chinese characters in its own national writing system. For a long historical period, China, North Korea, Japan and Viet Nam in the East Asian Chinese character circle shared the Chinese character writing system. However, only China and Japan are still using Chinese characters at the national level.
"From the 4th century when Chinese characters were introduced into Japan to today, Chinese characters have been used in the Japanese archipelago for more than 1,700 years. However, we need to realize that many changes have taken place in Chinese characters in Japan, and many new contents have grown. It is already a part of the Japanese cultural tradition. In fact, it is not only Japanese characters, but also the ancient culture of China introduced to Japan. " Liu Xiaofeng said.
After thousands of years of absorption and development, Chinese characters have already taken root in Japan and become a part of Japanese culture. Hiroyuki Sasakahara noticed that Chinese characters have undergone great changes in Japan, and many vulgar characters have appeared. He believes that these changes show the possibility of evolution of Chinese characters and the inherent diversity of Chinese characters. More importantly, Japanese characters show the Japanese way of thinking.
Hiroyuki Sasakahara is known as "Doctor of Chinese Characters". He often gives lectures, talks and is active in the media on the topic of Chinese characters, and has written many books such as The Present of Chinese Characters, The Heart of Japan in Chinese Characters, Japanese and Chinese Characters, Chinese Characters and Society.
According to Hiroyuki Sasakahara’s self-report, he was obsessed with etymology since he was a child. When he was at school, he saved pocket money to buy the world’s largest Hanhe dictionary, Dahanhe Dictionary. He is particularly interested in the practical use of Japanese characters and the social changes reflected by the changes of Chinese characters. After more than 30 years of academic research, he compiled and published Borrowed Words and Borrowed Pronunciation: A Dictionary of Chinese Characters.
Thanks to his achievements in Chinese character research, Hiroyuki Sasakahara won the title of "the first person to study Japanese characters" and participated in the formulation of Japanese commonly used Chinese characters list, Chinese characters for personal names, Japanese national language dictionary and Japanese national language textbooks. Japanese Characters published by Iwabo Bookstore is the most well-known work of Hiroyuki Sasakahara.
The name of the Japanese
At the scene, everyone also talked about the name of the Japanese. Liu Xiaofeng said: "After the Meiji Restoration, Japan will establish a modern nation-state according to the national system of Europe and the United States. Everyone in modern times must have his own surname and name. At that time, many people didn’t have their own surnames, but only one name, such as Shisanlang. What if they had a surname? It happens that there is a pine tree in his house, which is called Panasonic. "
Sun Jianjun said: "In the past, the Japanese didn’t have a surname, only a first name. Later, they gradually got a surname because they had a household registration system. However, there were many names behind them, such as Taro, Jiro, Saburo and Shiro. At most, they added a few words they thought were better in front of them, such as tortoise, crane and pine, to express longevity. After the 21st century, there are some words that they think are very good, such as flying Xiang, too, or too big. Some parents may decide to use Xiang when a famous baseball player happens to have it in his name. Girls look for something with a nice voice, such as sakura, which means cherry blossoms. "
On-site scholars also said that the relationship between names and the times is really strong. There are popular words in every era. For example, when "Wen" was popular, it happened to be the Taisho era, stressing democracy; In the Showa era, when militarism prevailed in the early stage, the word "discipline" was popular, and when the war ended in the later stage, "harmony" was emphasized. From the meaning of each Chinese character, you can vaguely see the shadow of the times.
Can Chinese characters go abroad return?
For China readers, Japanese scholars’ research provides us with a new perspective, not from inside China, but from the whole Chinese cultural circle. The development and mutual influence of Chinese characters in East Asian countries is both familiar and unfamiliar to Chinese, and it is also an enlightening lesson.
Hiroyuki Sasakahara stressed that we should look at the evolution of Chinese characters from the front. He wrote in the Preface: "Of course, we should learn from the etymology, idioms and story idioms of ancient China, but we should never be bound by them." As Chinese, what we need to think about is: As the hometown of Chinese characters, how should China recognize and accept these changes?
Sun Jianjun studied the language changes from the end of the curtain to the beginning of Meiji. "In particular, how the new Chinese words produced after absorbing western civilization were formed in Japanese at that time, and what impact did they have on China? At the same time, in the process of their formation, what influence does China have on them? " Sun Jianjun said.
There are many phenomena of Japanese Chinese characters feeding back to the motherland, and the most classic example is "gland". This word sounds like a Chinese character born in China, but in fact, it is an out-and-out Japanese man-made word. In the late 18th century, the Japanese came into contact with western knowledge through the Dutch. In 1774, Hiroshi Sugita, a Japanese "Lanxue" doctor, first translated "klier" into "Jilil". However, this translation is very inconvenient. For example, tonsils are translated into "Lill of Bataan nuclear machine". Later, Zhen Zhai, a disciple of Sugita Xuanbai, created the word "gland", which was introduced to China together with western medicine, and now it has become a familiar word.
At present, Japan is the only big country that uses a lot of Chinese characters except China. However, the few Japanese characters in Japanese have been rejected from the Chinese character system in China. For example, the name of former Japanese Prime Minister Keizo Kobayashi has been written as "Keizo Obuchi" in the China media, and the name of former economic planning department chief Taiichi Horiya is often mistakenly written as "Taiichi".
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The total installed capacity of wind power photovoltaic power generation in China has exceeded 800 million kilowatts.

2025年11月29日 | admin | B2

　　Cctv news(News Network): According to the data released by the National Energy Administration today (May 25th), by the end of April this year, the installed capacity of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in China was 380 million kilowatts, and the total installed capacity of wind power and photovoltaic power generation exceeded 800 million kilowatts, reaching 820 million kilowatts, accounting for 30.9% of the national installed capacity, of which wind power accounted for 14.3% and photovoltaic power generation accounted for 16.6%. 1-mdash this year; In April, the national wind power photovoltaic power generation reached 482.8 billion kWh, up 26.8% year-on-year, accounting for 17.2% of the total electricity consumption, up 3 percentage points over the same period last year.

　　With China’s power supply structure accelerating from coal-based to diversified and green, the total installed capacity of wind and photovoltaic power generation has exceeded 800 million kilowatts, which will provide sustained kinetic energy for the high-quality economic development of China.

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Big data report on construction contract disputes of construction projects

2025年11月26日 | admin | A1
Introduction:
How can I get the project money back more than ten years ago?
The research on construction contract dispute cases tells you the answer!
Because of the long period and large investment, most of the construction contracts are hidden projects and strong professionalism, the legal relationship of the contracts is complicated, and once disputes arise, the construction owner often refuses to pay the project funds on the grounds of subject, quality and construction period, resulting in a huge amount of project funds being in arrears for many years due to the shirking of the construction owner, and it is impossible to recover the funds.
After repeated unsuccessful collection, when a lawsuit was brought to the court, the construction party refused to pay because the case had expired, resulting in the construction party still losing the right to win the lawsuit, which eventually led to the inability to recover the arrears. In view of this, the big data report will tell you how to collect the outstanding project payment accumulated for many years, how to take the leading position in the construction contract dispute litigation, win the lawsuit and recover the arrears for many years.
First, the construction contract related to the statute of limitations dispute data analysis
Big data report data source
Time: before January 30, 2019
Case source: case base
Cause of action: construction contract dispute of construction project
Type of document: judgment
The court held that it included: limitation of action
Number of cases: 12,980
Data collection time: January 30, 2019
Annual trend of case volume
This search has obtained 12,980 adjudicative documents of construction contract disputes before January 30, 2019. From the distribution of the above years, it can be seen that the number of cases of construction contract disputes under the current conditions is increasing year by year (the number of cases in 2018 is not fully disclosed). This trend is related to the prosperity of the construction market and real estate since 2012.
Geographical distribution of disputes
As of January 30, 2019, in terms of geographical distribution, the current construction contract dispute cases are mainly concentrated in Jiangsu Province (1,194 cases), Shandong Province (1,086 cases) and Guangdong Province (976 cases), accounting for 9%, 8% and 7% respectively. Among them, Jiangsu Province has the largest number of cases, reaching 1,194.
Distribution of industries
As of January 30, 2019, the current industry distribution of construction contract disputes in construction projects is mainly concentrated in construction industry (7,858 cases), real estate industry (495 cases), manufacturing industry (1,882 cases), wholesale and retail industry (1,184 cases) and leasing and business service industry (622 cases). Its proportions are construction (55.87%), real estate (17.77%) and manufacturing (13.4%).
Program classification
As of January 30, 2019, the current distribution of trial procedures under construction contract disputes. There were 7,079 cases of first instance (54.54%), 5,728 cases of second instance (44.13%) and 149 cases of retrial (1.15%).
It can be inferred that the appeal rate of first instance is about 81%. It can be seen that most of the parties in construction contract cases choose to appeal after losing the case.
Referee result
Judgment result of first instance
Through the visual analysis of the results of the first-instance judgment, it can be seen that there are 5,265 cases fully/partially supported under the current conditions, accounting for 80%; 1,021 cases were all rejected, accounting for 16%; There are 267 others, accounting for 4%. From this point of view, most construction contract disputes are won by the plaintiff, and the proportion of all rejected is not high.
Judgment result of second instance
Through the visual analysis of the results of the second-instance judgment, we can see that there are 3,966 cases that uphold the original judgment under the current conditions, accounting for 74%; 1,323 cases were changed, accounting for 25%; There are 59 others, accounting for 1%. The rate of revision in the second instance is more than a quarter, and the proportion of cases revised is higher than other cases with cause of action.
Visualization of target amount
Through the visual analysis of the bid amount, we can see that the number of cases with the bid amount less than 500,000 yuan is the largest, with 6,677 cases, 2,695 cases with a bid amount of 1 million to 5 million yuan, 1,785 cases with a bid amount of 500,000 to 1 million yuan, 572 cases with a bid amount of 5 million to 10 million yuan, and 308 cases with a bid amount of 10 million to 20 million yuan. The amount of bid for construction contract disputes is mainly between 500,000 yuan and 5 million yuan, and the amount of bid is relatively large.
Visualization of trial period
Through the visual analysis of the trial period, we can see that the trial time under the current conditions is more in the range of 31-90 days, with an average time of 161 days. It reflects that the construction contract of construction project has the characteristics of long period and complicated case involved, and the trial limit is longer than that of ordinary cases.
Second, the construction contract dispute statute of limitations case analysis
In the construction project contract disputes, in the process of demanding the project payment, the construction party mostly refuses to pay the project arrears on the grounds that the payment has been in arrears for many years and the case has passed the statute of limitations. Therefore, the calculation period of the limitation of action is introduced in detail:
1. If the payment term is stipulated in the contract, the limitation period of action shall be counted from the time when you know or should know that your rights have been infringed.
Article 137 of the General Principles of the Civil Law stipulates that "the limitation period of action shall be counted from the time when you know or should know that your rights have been infringed". The construction contract shall determine the payment time according to the contents agreed in the contract. If the debtor fails to perform the payment obligation at the expiration of the payment period agreed in the contract, the limitation of action shall be calculated at this time.
2. If the contract does not stipulate the time limit for payment, the limitation period of action shall be counted from the date when the debtor clearly expresses his failure to perform his obligations.
The limitation period of action shall be counted from the date when the grace period for the creditor to ask the debtor to perform his obligations expires, but if the debtor explicitly stated that he would not perform his obligations when the creditor claimed his rights for the first time, the limitation period of action shall be counted from the date when the debtor explicitly stated that he would not perform his obligations. If the payment period is not stipulated in the construction contract, the limitation of action shall be calculated from the date when the debtor refuses to repay the loan for the first time.
3. If the project general contracting contract stipulates that the payment shall be made in installments according to the advance payment, progress payment, completion payment and quality guarantee payment, then the limitation of action for each installment of the project payment shall start from the expiration of the last payment.
If the payments made in several stages are the same contract payment, it can be counted from the date when the last payment expires. If the nature of the payment in each stage is different, such as the design fee, equipment fee, project payment, etc., it should be time-limited separately.
In addition, from a practical point of view, if the contract payment for the project has not reached the settlement conditions agreed in the contract, even if it has been paid in stages before, it has exceeded the limitation, and many times the court has not determined it as not exceeding the limitation of action.
4. If the parties have no agreement on the time of payment or the agreement is unclear, the following time shall be regarded as the time of payment.
According to Article 18 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Applicable Legal Issues in the Trial of Construction Contract Dispute Cases, "interest shall be paid from the date when the project price is payable. If the parties have no agreement on the time of payment or the agreement is unclear, the following time shall be regarded as the time of payment:
(1) If the construction project has been actually delivered, the date of delivery;
(2) If the construction project is not delivered, the date of submission of the completion settlement documents;
(three) the construction project has not been delivered, and the project price has not been settled, which is the date when the parties bring a lawsuit. "
5. If the construction contract is declared invalid, the limitation of action shall be calculated from the date when the contract is confirmed invalid.
The invalidity of a contract is invalid from the beginning. After the contract is confirmed to be invalid, the provisions on the limitation of action shall apply to the requests of the parties for returning property and compensating losses. The basis of claim after the contract is invalid is not based on the contract, so it cannot be calculated from the date of expiration of the original contract. The claim of the parties to return the property and compensate the losses based on the invalidity of the contract is the legal consequence after the contract is confirmed to be invalid. Only after the contract is confirmed to be invalid can the claim of unjust enrichment caused by the invalidity of the contract be established.
6. In the absence of other payment conditions, if the amount of creditor’s rights and debts is unknown, the limitation of action has not started.
The project payment has not been settled, there is no clear amount of creditor’s rights, and the relationship between creditor’s rights and debts has not been finally confirmed, so the limitation of action has not yet begun to be calculated.
7. If the debtor partially performs the debt with the expiration of the limitation of action, the limitation of action cannot be recalculated for the rest.
Although the Supreme People’s Court confirmed in [(2017) Supreme People’s Republic of China No.63 Chengdu Panda Universal Mall Co., Ltd. and Hong Kong DCA Qiwucheng Architects Co., Ltd. Re-trial of the construction project design contract dispute [(2017) Supreme People’s Republic of China No.63], after the limitation of action expires, the creditor’s rights will be converted into natural debts. The debtor’s partial repayment of the creditor’s rights whose limitation of action has expired cannot restore or revive the remaining limitation of action. However, courts at all levels also have different views on this issue. Some courts believe that the debtor partially pays off the creditor’s rights when the limitation of action expires, resulting in the legal consequences of the interruption of the limitation of action.
8. beyond the limitation of action, the creditor and the debtor reached a new repayment agreement, and the limitation of action started again.
The repayment agreement reached by both parties on the original debt beyond the limitation of action belongs to a new creditor-debtor relationship, which should be protected by law, that is, it can achieve the purpose of saving the interruption of the limitation of action and recalculating the limitation of action.
9. The confirmation letter of the enterprise has the meaning of debt collection to constitute the interruption of the limitation of action.
If the creditor sends an inquiry letter to the debtor within the limitation period, the debtor will confirm the amount of debt in the inquiry letter and affix its official seal, which can usually be used as the basis for interrupting the limitation period.
If the limitation of action has expired, the creditor sends an inquiry letter to the debtor. If the contents of the inquiry letter indicate the intention of collection, it can be regarded as a reminder letter. If the debtor signs and seals this kind of inquiry letter to confirm it, it will be regarded as a reaffirmation of the original debt, and the limitation of action can be recalculated.
10. The quality guarantee is special and should be treated separately, and the limitation of action should be calculated separately.
The nature of the quality guarantee money has been controversial in practice. One view is that it should be part of the project payment. According to this view, it can be considered that all the arrears of the project will be counted from the expiration of the quality guarantee money. However, another view is that the quality guarantee fund and the project payment are not exactly the same in nature and have their own particularity. The quality guarantee fund should be treated separately and the limitation of action should be calculated separately. In practice, most of the viewpoints are to calculate the limitation of action separately from the quality guarantee fund and the project payment.
Iii. Distribution of Burden of Proof for Interruption of Limitation of Action in Construction Contracts
The General Principles of Civil Law and the Supreme People’s Court’s Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Implementation of the General Principles of Civil Law in People’s Republic of China (PRC) (Trial) mainly stipulate the length, calculation, suspension, interruption and extension of the limitation period of action from the perspective of substantive law, and do not clearly stipulate which party should bear the burden of proof in various situations. The general practice of many courts is that if the defendant has filed a lawsuit against the plaintiff for more than the legal protection period, the plaintiff is required to pay attention to the fact that it has not exceeded the legal protection period.
However, some courts believe that the limitation of action should be put forward by the defender. For example, the Beijing Miyun District People’s Court made a judgment (2016) No.7689 at the beginning of the Republic of China on December 8, 2016, which stated: "The village committee of Tixiazhuang does not recognize the construction facts of Li Lianzhong and the opinion that Li Lianzhong’s prosecution has exceeded the limitation of action. Because it failed to provide corresponding evidence, the court will not accept it."
In litigation, if the defendant claims the defense of limitation, he must prove the facts on which this defense is based, that is, he must prove the facts of the beginning and expiration of the limitation period, including the claim of the end of the interruption of limitation. When there is a dispute between the two parties over when the limitation period of action begins and whether it expires, and it is difficult for the court to accurately determine it in the end, the party who puts forward the limitation defense (that is, the defendant) shall bear the adverse legal consequences.
Fourth, how to interrupt the limitation of action
In order to avoid the statute of limitations of the case, so as to win the lawsuit and take the initiative in the future litigation process, the following methods can be adopted to achieve the purpose of interrupting the statute of limitations:
1. Send a written dunning letter directly to the debtor, and the other party signs and seals the dunning letter to prove that it has been received.
2. Call for dunning, but keep the recorded evidence.
3. Send it by EMS, keep the mailing list and the express delivery receipt of the postal company, and prove that the letter has been properly delivered.
4. E-mail delivery is also a legally recognized way, but there must be evidence to prove the ownership relationship between the mailbox and the recipient.
5. Find a witness to testify that the payment has been urged, and notarization can be carried out when necessary.
6. Proof of partial repayment by the other party within the limitation of action. (But prove that it is the debt that is repaid)
7. Prosecution or arbitration. (Withdrawing the lawsuit after prosecution does not affect the effectiveness of interrupting the statute of limitations)
8. During the period of limitation of action, reach an agreement on debt performance, such as a new repayment agreement, a guarantee agreement, etc., or the debtor is invited to confirm the debt, the debtor requests to postpone performance, and the debtor submits a debt repayment plan, etc.
9. During the limitation period, the confirmation letter of the enterprise shall be confirmed by the signatures and seals of both parties.
V. Remedies beyond the limitation of action
If the case has passed the limitation of action, as the contractor, the following methods can be adopted to achieve the purpose of interrupting the limitation of action and recalculating the limitation of action:
1. The debtor reconfirms the debt.
According to the judicial interpretation of the Supreme Court, if the debtor reconfirms the debt beyond the limitation period, the debt after reconfirmation is still protected by law. The specific measures are: send a dunning letter (or an enterprise confirmation letter with dunning intention), which shall be signed or sealed by the debtor for confirmation.
2. Replace "old debt" with "new debt"
Although the limitation of action has exceeded, the creditor and the debtor have reached a new repayment agreement on the debt (such as renegotiating the payment term, debt performance method, discount payment, etc.) and signed a new repayment agreement, that is, the new debt is determined through a new contract, and the limitation of action is recalculated.
(debt network)
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Going into the county to see the development of Licheng, Shanxi Province： ＂Red＂ and ＂Green＂ resources help revitalize the old revolutionary base areas

2025年11月24日 | admin | C3

　　Xinhua News Agency, Taiyuan, September 12th Title: Licheng, Shanxi: "Red" and "Green" resources help revitalize the old revolutionary base areas.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Chai Hailiang and Li Ziwei

　　Licheng County, which lives in the southeast of Shanxi and deep in Taihang Mountain, has rich and unique red cultural resources and green ecological resources. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Licheng County, Shanxi Province has focused on industrial transformation, continuously developed and optimized "red" and "green" industries, strengthened and expanded the county economy with characteristics, and improved the quality of people’s happiness index.

　　Poster production: Li YunBo

　　Using "Red" Resources to Draw a New Picture of Revitalizing the Old District

　　As the earliest anti-Japanese base and liberated area in Taihang Mountain area, days of our lives has left rich red resources for Licheng, such as the former site of Jinan Bank, the predecessor of China People’s Bank, and the former site of Shangdang Campaign Command. According to statistics, there are 521 red relics in the county, which is known as the "Anti-Japanese War Museum without Walls".

　　This is the former site of the head office of Jinan Bank in Licheng County, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province (data photo). Xinhua news agency

　　Huangya Cave is a natural cave with dangerous terrain, which is easy to defend but difficult to attack. During the Anti-Japanese War, the Eighth Route Army established a large ordnance base here. Today, it is a national 4A-level scenic spot and a national patriotic education demonstration base.

　　This is the corner of Huangyadong Scenic Spot in Licheng County, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province (data photo). Xinhua news agency

　　When the reporter arrived at Huangyadong, there was a light rain in the sky, and the clouds were misty, and the Taihang peak wall like a knife and axe was hidden from time to time.

　　Li Xiaopan, a local resident, brought some friends from other places to play and felt very happy. She said that appreciating the scenery is only one aspect, and it is more meaningful to receive red culture education.

　　Poster production: Li YunBo

　　In recent years, seeing the good momentum of the development of Huangyadong Scenic Area, local farmer Li Yungang transformed his house into a farmhouse. "In the peak season, I earned more than 300,000 yuan a month, and now I have become a rich person." Li Yungang said.

　　Tourists visit Huangyadong Scenic Area in Licheng County, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province (photo taken on July 6, 2022). Xinhua news agency

　　Liyungang is just the epitome of many farmers in Licheng who rely on the tourism industry to get rich.

　　According to the data of Licheng County Cultural Tourism Bureau, in recent years, Licheng County has developed global tourism, with a total of 35 cultural tourism projects, with a total investment of nearly 10 billion yuan. From January to June, 2022, Licheng County received 256,700 tourists, with a total tourism income of 15.253 million yuan, driving more than 1,000 farmers to increase their income and become rich.

　　Exploiting "Green" Resources, Optimizing Industrial Structure and Showing New Prospects

　　In autumn, Taihang Mountain is green and lush, with steep peaks and ridges.

　　"The air here is ‘ Sweet ’ Yes. " Yang Jinbei, a staff member of Hushan Tourism Resort of Shanxi Licheng Powder Metallurgy Co., Ltd., said that now, I rely on this to make money.

　　In the past 10 years, 49-year-old Yang Jinbei has realized the gorgeous turn of iron ore workers to hotel housekeepers, which reflects the change of Licheng’s industry from "black" to "green".

　　The development of Licheng County once depended on the development of iron ore and other resources. In many places, due to the long-term processing of iron ore, the surface of buildings is covered with a thick layer of black powder, which is incompatible with the surrounding Taihang Mountain.

　　A homestay in Hushan Tourism Resort, Licheng County, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province (photo). Xinhua news agency

　　Since 2012, the original Huangyadong Pure Iron Concentrate Co., Ltd. has been integrated by Shanxi Licheng Powder Metallurgy Co., Ltd. to accelerate the transformation and development, and invested in the construction of Hushan tourist resort on the original site of more than 100 mu of mineral processing workshop. In order to strengthen the "green" industry, in July 2019, Shanxi Licheng Powder Metallurgy Co., Ltd. registered and established Lirui Agricultural Ecological Development Co., Ltd., and built Licheng Mangshan Agricultural Ecological Park project in the north of the county to develop leisure agriculture and ecological agriculture.

　　In Hushan Tourist Resort, the dark factory buildings were demolished and the bare land was covered with green clothes. Eco-restaurants, picking gardens and folk caves have been operating for 5 years in the shade of green forests. In summer, tourists need to book two weeks in advance to stay for one night.

　　This is a homestay in Hushan Tourism Resort, Licheng County, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province (data photo). Xinhua news agency

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the industrial structure of Licheng County has been continuously optimized, laying the foundation for high-quality development. According to the data of county statistics bureau, the proportion of secondary industry in regional GDP decreased from 51% in 2012 to 31.6% in 2021, and the proportion of tertiary industry increased from 39.9% to 59%.

　　Poster production: Li YunBo

　　In addition, Licheng County is also committed to creating a "green" at the doorstep of the people. According to the data of Licheng County City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation Service Center, after two years of hard work, more than 200,000 square meters of public green space has been added, and the green space rate has reached 40%. The per capita park green space has increased from 13 square meters to 15 square meters.

　　Mid-autumn, sunset, at the foot of Baiyan Temple. More than a dozen villagers in Yuancun, Xiazhuang and Beishe villages finished tending pear trees in the ecological garden and went home from work one after another. A villager surnamed Zhang told reporters that now they no longer need to go out to work, and their wages are still a little less.

　　"Today’s wind and ancient rhyme" is always suitable for urban and rural renewal to add color to a better life

　　High-quality "red" and "green" resources attract many enterprises to come by color.

　　Yuanquan Village, Xijing Town, Licheng County is named after a spring in the village, and it is rich in red cultural resources: the former site of the first children’s conference of the Youth Federation in the Shanxi-Hebei-Henan border region, the former site of the Eighth Route Army Yuanquan Chemical Factory, and the former site of Yuanquan Taihang Mint Paper Factory.

　　Changzhi Xigengtian Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. invested in the construction of Taihang Danquan Garden Town Project in Yuanquan Village. Meng Dehu, director of project planning, said that since the official start of construction in 2020, the investment has reached 140 million yuan. When building an eco-tourism project, Yuanquan Village should be included in the overall planning, highlighting both "green" and "red" colors, singing "today’s wind" and "ancient rhyme" to boost rural revitalization.

　　Poster production: Li YunBo

　　The reporter saw in Yuanquan Village that the whole village is undergoing renovation and renovation, and projects such as house facades have begun to take shape, showing the exquisite characteristics of ancient houses in southern Shanxi.

　　Niu Chenxia, secretary of Licheng County Party Committee, said that Licheng County adheres to the combination of "red, green and characteristic" and the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries to build a landscape Licheng with red and green, which is suitable for tourism and industry.

　　In 2021, Licheng County started urban renewal, investing 1.23 billion yuan to start 30 urban renewal projects. Li Xiuhong, a citizen, said that a few years ago, walking in the county town, there were "cobwebs" formed by various network cables on the top of his head, and there were "patches" on the road one after another. Nowadays, the urban roads in the county are free from worry, and the pipeline network is underground. The city has a brand-new look and the happiness of life is constantly improving.

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The new generation Buick LaCrosse is listed at a price of 179,900-239,900 yuan.

2025年11月22日 | admin | D4

　　On May 15th, SAIC-GM Buick brand announced that a new generation of Buick LaCrosse was officially launched, and four models were launched, namely, the 25T crossover version, the 28T crossover version, the 28T crossover version and the Avia version, with the price ranging from 179,900 yuan to 239,900 yuan. From now on, the Avia version and the 28T model will be fully delivered to the store, and the 25T model will be delivered in the third quarter of this year.

　　Zhuang Jingxiong, general manager of SAIC-GM, said that since the brand rejuvenation was launched in June last year, Buick has been accelerating the pace of transformation to electrification, intelligence and high-end. As a technology car, a new generation of LaCrosse will prove its strength, and Buick brand will welcome the arrival of the new smart car era with intelligent technology shared by oil and electricity.

　　Pure design shows extraordinary taste

　　The new generation of LaCrosse inherits the PURE Design concept of Buick Pure Design, takes Purity, Unconventional, Refined and Expressive as the core, integrates the optical plastic aesthetic design, and pursues the natural integration of the car and the environment. In terms of appearance, the new car draws lines with light, and uses the lines and profiles of "Avenue to Jane" to control the size of the leapfrog body, showing its momentum and modern aesthetic feeling.

　　Avia version uses exclusive star-shining air intake grille to further enhance the texture of design details. At the same time, it is equipped with Matrix adaptive matrix headlights, which use 222 LED light sources, have 15 independent illumination zones, support 9 intelligent lighting modes, and adopt pedestrian-friendly corner light design to bring a safer and more comfortable driving experience.

　　In terms of cockpit layout, the yacht-style suspension center console is the center, and the driving experience is improved through the integrated and suspended design around the cockpit. In creating the atmosphere, the interior of the new car uses a large number of high-grade materials, and incorporates new technologies and new processes, supplemented by exquisite workmanship, so that luxury and elegance penetrate into the nuances. Avia models are also equipped with crystal light rhythmic LED light-transmitting decorative plates.

　　In addition, the new car also provides three personalized interior colors to meet the individual needs of users.

　　Interactive experience of intelligent cockpit upgrade

　　A new generation of LaCrosse is equipped with a new generation of VCS intelligent cockpit, equipped with EYEMAX 30-inch curved 6K screen and Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip, together with VIP intelligent electronic architecture supporting FOTA upgrade of the whole vehicle and 5G communication technology, bringing immersive sensory enjoyment and smooth interactive operation experience.

　　EYEMAX 30-inch curved 6K screen is standard in the whole system, with a resolution as high as 6008× 934; Micro-curved surface screen supports high-precision multi-touch and adopts anti-glare and low-reflection surface treatment and anti-fingerprint treatment.

　　The latest iteration of Buick eConnect Zhilian Technology provides a large number of online audio/video services, and has the voice personal tailor function. Up to 37 car control functions such as navigation, music, air conditioning and seats can be freely combined through the iBuick APP, and the wake-up language can be customized according to the usage scene and personal preferences, which increases the convenience and interest of car use. In terms of interaction, the system supports multi-instrument display mode and adapts to different travel scenarios.

　　Luxury technology creates comfort.experience

　　A new generation of LaCrosse uses technology to create a multi-dimensional comfortable experience. In terms of seat comfort, the newly equipped 3D floating comfortable seat, based on the development of GM’s global seat frame platform, further optimizes the ergonomic design. The length of the front and rear seat cushions reached 505mm and 482mm respectively. The contact surface between the seat and the human body is covered with Moli advanced leather. Cushion and backrest are filled with high-grade environmental protection materials and zoning foaming technology, supplemented by 3D Muller cotton composite layer design, which provides stronger wrapping feeling and better support, and has excellent skin-friendliness, breathability and durability.

　　The new generation of LaCrosse comes standard with ANC active noise reduction technology. At the same time, the new car is also equipped with 5mm double-layer acoustic glass, 3 door sealing strips, 80m sealant for the whole car, LASD liquid sound insulation damping sheet, high-grade sound absorption cotton for the whole car trim and Bridgestone Turanza silent tires.

　　In terms of comfortable driving, both the 28T model and the Avia version are equipped with a new generation of intelligent drive system consisting of the eighth generation Ecotec 2.0T variable cylinder turbocharged engine, 48V light hybrid system and 9-speed HYDRA-MATIC intelligent gearbox, which can output the maximum power of 174kW and the peak torque of 350Nm, and the lowest fuel consumption per 100 kilometers under WLTC comprehensive working conditions is 6.59L Together with the standard steering wheel paddle shifting and sports mode, as well as the new electronic gear shifting system with convenient and safe operation, users can experience the fun of control and comfortable driving.

　　Safe escort travel

　　The new generation of LaCrosse is designed and developed according to the latest version of C-NCAP five-star safety standards, adopting BFI integrated body structure and rich active and passive safety configuration. A large number of galvanized plates are used in the car body, which has excellent corrosion resistance. The proportion of high-strength steel in the whole vehicle is 72%, in which PHS ultra-high-strength steel is used for columns A and B. The front and rear anti-collision beams are made of aluminum alloy, and the rear anti-collision beam is equipped with aluminum energy absorption box, which greatly improves the impact energy absorption effect. The new car comes standard with Bosch ESP electronic stability control system, Autohold automatic parking, TPMS intelligent tire pressure monitoring, etc. Avia models are also exclusively equipped with 19-inch Bridgestone TURANZA T005 self-repairing tires.

　　At the same time, the new generation of LaCrosse is equipped with eCruise intelligent assisted driving system, providing 14 L2 intelligent assisted driving functions. Avia models are also equipped with APA automatic parking assist system.

　　After the launch of the new car, together with the large-scale luxury MPV Buick Century and the big five-seat smart electric SUV Buick ELECTRA E5, it will help the Buick brand to accelerate its transformation to intelligence, high-end and electrification.

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The State Council @ You, these eight livelihood events are all important this week!

2025年11月18日 | admin | C3

　　Key words of this week: platform economy, intellectual property, healthy China, off-campus training.

　　one Support the healthy development of platform economy!

　　On July 17th, Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China presided over the the State Council executive meeting to determine the measures to support the healthy development of the platform economy, and to strengthen the excellent structure, promote upgrading and increase employment. The meeting pointed out that,First, we must develop a new format of platform economy.Comply with the needs of the masses to develop "internet plus service industry", support social capital to enter the service fields such as medical and health care, education, home economics for the aged, tourism and sports, and provide more high-quality and efficient convenience services.Second, we must optimize the development environment.Promote the convenience of registration, relax the restrictions on the registration of enterprise names in emerging industries, and simplify the procedures for establishing branches of platform enterprises.Third, we should innovate supervision methods in accordance with the requirements of inclusiveness and prudence.Explore fair supervision methods that adapt to the characteristics of new formats and are conducive to fair competition, and promote "internet plus supervision".

　　2 Ensure that the average review period of trademark registration is reduced to less than 5 months before the end of the year.

　　On July 17th, Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China presided over the the State Council executive meeting to further strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of various market players. The meeting pointed out that,First, we must continue to strengthen the enforcement of intellectual property rights.Protect the legitimate rights and interests of all kinds of market entities without discrimination.Second, we should actively promote the revision process of patent law and copyright law.Promote a new round of comprehensive revision of the Trademark Law, the detailed rules for the implementation of the Patent Law and the revision of the regulations on the protection of new plant varieties, and greatly increase the illegal cost. Third, we must continue to improve the quality and efficiency of intellectual property review. Accelerate the construction of an intelligent system for patent examination and trademark registration,Ensure that the goal of reducing the examination period of high-value patents to 17.5 months and the average examination period of trademark registration to less than 5 months is achieved before the end of the year.At the same time, improve the quality of intellectual property rights authorization registration and promote the increase of patents in high-value and core fields.

　　three It’s about your health Don’t miss Operation Healthy China!

　　Recently, the State Council issued "the State Council’s Opinions on Implementing Healthy China Action", which proposed a series of special actions to improve the health level of the whole people, targeting children, the elderly, laborers and other key groups, covering cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and other diseases, and defined the overall goals by 2022 and 2030. Specific measures include: efforts to build fitness organizations around the people and"15-minute fitness circle"; carry forwardPublic sports facilities are free or open at low fees.; Combined with the age characteristics of students, students’ health knowledge is tested in various ways.Incorporate physical education into the high school academic level test; Build party and government organs at all levels into smoke-free organs; Expand the scope of cancer screening in an orderly manner, and speed up the review and approval of drugs that are urgently needed in clinic.

　　four The new supervision mechanism is coming, and there is a big gap between good and bad credit!

　　Recently, the General Office of the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Social Credit System and Building a New Credit-based Supervision Mechanism. The "Opinions" pointed out that it is necessary to innovate the pre-link, strengthen the in-process link and improve the credit supervision of the post-link, which runs through the whole life cycle of market participants. In the post-event supervision, the "Opinions" mentioned that it should be established according to law and regulations.List of joint disciplinary measures, dynamically updated and made public; Focus on the implementation of disciplinary measures for dishonesty with strong disciplinary efforts and good regulatory effects, includingAdministrative disciplinary measures such as restricting stock issuance, tendering and bidding, applying for financial capital projects, and enjoying tax incentives for untrustworthy joint disciplinary objects according to laws and regulations; Market disciplinary measures such as restricting access to credit, flying, taking high-grade trains and seats.; andInformed criticism, publicly condemned.And other industrial disciplinary measures.

　　five Six departments regulate off-campus online training: no fees exceeding 3 months are allowed.

　　Recently, many departments jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Standardizing Off-campus Online Training", proposing thatBy the end of December 2019, we will complete the filing and investigation of the national off-campus online training and institutions.. The "Opinions" mentioned that the contents and personnel of discipline training, including foreigners, need to be filed, and the employment of foreigners must comply with relevant state regulations and publicize the learning, work and teaching experience of foreign trainers; The training platform should prominently publicize the charging items, standards and refund methods.Do not charge more than 60 class hours or 3 months’ fees.. The Opinions also put forward that,Whitelist off-campus online training institutions that meet relevant regulations.Those who violate the rules are listed in the grey list and rectified within a time limit. Those who refuse to rectify or fail to complete the rectification within the time limit are blacklisted, and the blacklisted off-campus online training institutions are severely dealt with according to the law.

　　six Promote the handling of traffic violations in different places, and implement the "one-stop" of household registration transfer to handle 60 convenience measures issued by the Ministry of Public Security.

　　The Ministry of Public Security recently informed the public security organs of 60 measures to serve economic and social development, the masses and enterprises at a press conference, includingWe will promote the handling of traffic violations in different places, implement the "one-stop" handling of household registration transfer, pilot the measures to accept education to reduce or exempt traffic violation points, comprehensively shorten the time limit for examination and approval of administrative examination and approval items related to enterprises, and gradually realize the "nationwide handling" of all accreditation matters.Wait.

　　seven Release the restrictions on the settlement of graduates from universities and vocational colleges and returned overseas students.

　　Recently, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Public Security and other departments jointly issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Employment and Entrepreneurship of College Graduates under the Current Situation. The contents of the Notice include,The provincial capital and the following cities should fully liberalize the restrictions on the settlement of college graduates, vocational college graduates and returned overseas students, streamline the settlement certificates and simplify the procedures.; Colleges and universities are not allowed to link the issuance of graduation certificates and degree certificates with the signing of graduates; Under the premise of meeting the requirements of the dissertation specification, undergraduates are allowed to apply for dissertation defense and other contents with entrepreneurial achievements.

　　eight Seven departments of "three investigations and two clearing" jointly launched a special campaign to eradicate wage arrears in summer.

　　The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the National Development and Reform Commission and other seven departments jointly issued a notice a few days ago.From July 16th to August 26th, a 40-day summer special campaign to eradicate wage arrears was launched nationwide., and focus on government investment projects, state-owned enterprise projects and other projects under construction with records of unpaid wages, so as to"Three checks and two zeroes". "Three investigations" means that we must check the hidden dangers of unpaid wages; Second, we must check the stock of historical cases of unpaid wages; Third, we should check the wage payment of migrant workers in government investment projects and state-owned enterprise projects. "Two zeroes" means that through this special campaign to eradicate wage arrears in summer, the cases of wage arrears in state-owned enterprises’ projects will be cleared, and the cases of wage arrears in government projects will be cleared.

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Apple MR takes a fancy to this new technology, which will detonate the consumer electronics industry chain

2025年11月17日 | admin | B2

Guo Ming, who is known as the strongest Apple analyst on the surface, mentioned in a report a few days ago that Apple MR will be released in January next year. At the moment when the news of the industrial chain is constantly released, the brand-new Pancake optical module that Apple’s new MR will adopt has become the focus of the market.

Guo Ming said: The first generation of Apple AR/MR head display will be equipped with two 3P Pancake modules, but in the second generation of Apple AR/MR head display, the cost of Pancake lens will increase in order to improve the user’s visual experience and product shape design.

In addition, according to market news, Pico Neo 4 and Pico Neo 4 Pro will be released globally simultaneously in September and October. It also includes the next generation products of Meta Quest 3 and Cambria, which will also use Pancake optical module for the first time.

According to the research of knowledge and wisdom on Wall Street (WeChat official account: Pro of Wisdom Research), many XR star products have chosen the optical scheme of Pancake successively, which will soon bring the explosive growth of demand for Pancake.

In the world of VR, optics has always been an important track. Because the optical design and the final rendering effect directly affect the final VR experience effect, which will involve the clarity of picture presentation, the sense of immersive experience and the comfort of wearing VR.

At present, the mainstream models with better market sales all use Fresnel lenses, including the best-selling products Meta Quest 2 (80% market share) and Pico Neo 3.

Fresnel lens can become the choice of Meta, and it must have its own "outstanding features", and the most important point is: high cost performance.The price of a single Fresnel lens is about 15-20 yuan, while the price of a Pancake module is about 150-200 yuan, excluding the screen.

Simply put, it is very cheap while ensuring the picture presentation effect, which is undoubtedly the best choice for Meta, which focuses on ultra-high cost performance. And in the same year Quest 2 was released, it attracted a lot of new powders, and won the throne of Longyi in the market the following year, and it has not been surpassed so far.

Since Fresnel lens is cheap and easy to use, why is it repeatedly reported that Apple’s star product, MR, will adopt Pancake module?

The main reason is that MR products require higher standards for visual experience, and at this moment, the defects of Fresnel lens itself are also exposed, such as the difficulty in achieving very high picture clarity.

However, Fresnel lens is still a wise choice for any imaging lens that needs low price, thinness and light weight.

There are several schemes of light propagation and imaging in VR optical scheme, including vertical optical path (aspheric lens and Fresnel lens), folded optical path (Pancake and night scene polarization holography), composite optical path and specific optical path.


Pancake’s optical route is a folding scheme, which is significantly different from the direct optical path of Fresnel lens in that it can greatly reduce the distance between the lens and the screen, which is very important for heavy VR head display equipment. From the above figure, we can see that Pancake’s optical scheme shortens the distance between lenses from 40-50mm to 15-20 mm.

The feeling experience given by the data is always not enough, so let’s look at the physical comparison diagram of Skyworth VR Pancake module and Fresnel lens module, and the gap of this size is clear at a glance.


It’s like a mobile phone. We used to use a mobile phone, but now we use a full-screen mobile phone like Apple and Android. The upgrade and optimization of optical display, on the one hand, reduces the weight of the product, but also more beautiful. More importantly, the high-definition imaging quality of the product brings people a better feeling.

Secondly, pancake can adjust diopter, which can bring better visual experience to users with myopia.

At present, most VR devices using Fresnel lens cannot adjust diopter performance. In other words, nearsighted users need to wear their own glasses when using them, otherwise the image clarity will be affected.

The Pancake lens can solve this problem. By adjusting one lens in the Pancake combination lens, the focal length can be changed, so that myopia users can experience the visual pleasure of taking off their glasses.

Pancake’s imaging quality is good, but it also has the congenital shortcomings of small field of view and easy to produce artifacts, but there is a solution, that is, the film pasting process.

Pancake production process includes optical design, lens processing, lens pasting, assembly and inspection.

One of the most important links is the lens film. In particular, the curved film sticking process can enlarge FOV and improve the shortcoming of Pancake’s small field of view, but the process is very difficult.

On the one hand, Pancake has higher requirements for optical film materials.


On the other hand, the edge of the curved surface film is easy to be uneven, which greatly reduces the yield of the product, so the cost of the film is relatively expensive.

Now the cost of a set of pancake lenses (monocular) is close to that of 100 yuan. According to the forecast of Tianfeng International analyst Guo Ming Ti, the total cost of MR Pancake lens is about 30-40 USD (about 201-268 RMB), which is roughly equivalent to 20 high-end 7P lenses.

Generally speaking, the film is indeed a ring with high technology and value in Pancake module.

At present, there are few companies that can meet the requirements. Only a few companies such as 3M, Asahi Kasei and Sanlipu have key processes. Now they mainly rely on manual film pasting, and the efficiency is relatively low.

According to brokersSanlipu’s forecast shows that the shipment value of pancake module will increase rapidly in the next three years, from 53 million yuan in 22 years to 532 million yuan in 24 years, and the income will increase tenfold in two years.


In addition, there is already a consensus that Yu Jingguang and Yang Mingguang are the main suppliers of the first generation Pancake module of Apple MR, and Da Liguang may be the new supplier of the second generation of Mr.

Summary: The research on Wall Street’s experience and wisdom (WeChat official account: Pro of Wisdom Research) holds that:The release of new VR products is coming one after another, and Pancake’s new optical scheme will attract much attention. With the increase in the shipment of new VR products, the demand of Pancake will usher in rapid growth, and the core link of Pancake is film pasting, which belongs to the field of high value and technology.

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Why Gree was overtaken by Haier？

2025年11月16日 | admin | B2

Author | ｜Eastland

Head picture | tiger sniffing

Gree Electric (000651.SZWith good performance and high dividends, it is a star enterprise in the A-share market, although its market value is not as good as that of Midea Group (000333.SZ), but steadily stabilized Haier Zhijia (600690.SH) one end. However, after the market value of Gree peaked in 2019, the situation gradually reversed. By the end of 2022, Gree’s market value had fallen to 77% of Haier’s, compared with 259% at the end of 2019.

As of the close of March 8, 2023, the market value of Gree was 205.5 billion yuan, and the market value of Haier Zhijia was 232.2 billion yuan.

In the first three quarters of 2022, the net profits of Haier and Gree were 17.7 billion and 18.3 billion respectively. Haier earns 600 million less than Gree, but its market value is 30 billion higher.Perhaps it is because Gree gives people the impression that they are "lacking in goodness" and "lacking in skills" in defense..

The contest between diversification and internationalization

1) Revenue: Haier’s leading edge has expanded.

Haier’s revenue scale is higher than Gree’s, but its leading edge is not large, and it was overtaken in 2018. In 2020, Haier’s revenue stood at 200 billion, equivalent to 125% of Gree’s; In the first three quarters of 2022, Haier’s revenue was 185 billion, still 125% of Gree’s.

In 2018 and 2019, Gree’s revenue "hit" the 200 billion mark twice, but unfortunately it fell short. In 2020, despite the impact of the epidemic, the revenues of Midea, Haier and Hisense all maintained growth, but Gree fell to 168.2 billion. In 2021, the recovery of Gree Camp rose to 187.9 billion, 5.2% lower than that in 2018. The revenues of Haier and Midea in 2021 increased by 31.4% and 23.6% respectively compared with 2018. It is an indisputable fact that Gree’s revenue is weak.

2) Income structure: Haier is more diversified.

Gree has never been able to cultivate a "second growth curve", and the proportion of air-conditioning revenue to revenue has remained at a high level of 70%.

The high-speed growth period of air-conditioning market has long passed, and there are many "eaters" such as Midea and Haier. After Gree’s air-conditioning business revenue surged to 155.7 billion in 2018, it fluctuated and fell back. In 2020 and 2021, the revenue was 117.9 billion and 131.7 billion respectively. In 2022, the revenue of H1 air-conditioning business was 68.7 billion, accounting for 72.2% of the revenue.

Gree’s "household appliances sector" includes refrigerators, washing machines, kitchen appliances, drinking fountains, sweeping robots and many other products. In 2019, sales revenue surged to 5.58 billion, accounting for 2.8% of total revenue; In 2021, it fell below 5 billion.

In H1, 2022, Gree’s "household appliances" revenue was 2.2 billion, accounting for 2.3% of the total revenue. Midea’s "consumer appliances" sector covers products similar to Gree’s "household appliances", with H1 revenue of 66.3 billion in 2022. You’re welcome to say that the Gree household appliances sector can’t become a climate.

Gree’s "other businesses" include new energy vehicles, lithium batteries, mobile phones, energy storage, semiconductors, medical and health care, etc. In 2021, the revenue was 43 billion, accounting for 23% of the revenue. Any business, well done, can support "100 billion-level" listed companies and "pile up" together. Although the revenue is tens of billions, only one "other" can be shared. The key question is-Can air-conditioning enterprises that have failed to expand their refrigerator business make new energy vehicles and semiconductors?

Although Haier’s revenue is only 20% higher than Geli’s, its structure is relatively balanced.

Refrigerator and washing machine: the revenue in 2021 was 71.6 billion and 54.8 billion respectively, accounting for 52% of the total revenue, equivalent to 67.2% of Gree’s total revenue;

Air conditioning: revenue in 2021 was 37.5 billion, accounting for 16% of revenue, equivalent to 28.5% of Gree air conditioning sales; In the same period, Midea’s air-conditioning sales revenue reached 141.9 billion, equivalent to 107.7% of Gree’s air-conditioning revenue;

Kitchen appliances and water appliances: the revenue in 2021 was 35.2 billion and 12.5 billion respectively, accounting for 21% of the total revenue;

Intelligent equipment: The revenue in 2021 is 15 billion, accounting for 7% of the revenue, and it is the only business of Haier.

Highly dependent on air conditioning, other household appliances are lacking, air conditioning revenue growth is weak, and Gree’s revenue is naturally difficult to improve.

3) Internationalization

In the field of household appliances in China, Haier, Midea and TCL are highly internationalized. Haier, in particular, has an obvious upward trend in recent years.

In 2016, Haier’s overseas business income was 67 billion, accounting for 41% of revenue, while Midea’s overseas income was as high as 104 billion.

In 2021, Haier’s overseas revenue reached 114.7 billion, accounting for 50% of the revenue, and the proportion of overseas revenue with the United States also increased from 64.5% to 83.3%.

In 2021, Gree’s export business income was 22.5 billion, accounting for 12% of the revenue (0.5 percentage points lower than in 2017.), about one-fifth of Haier.

　

What is more valuable is that the gross profit of Haier’s overseas business has steadily increased: in 2017, the gross profit was 19.6 billion, 1.4 billion less than that of the United States; In 2021, it surpassed the United States for the first time, reaching 32.4 billion, with a gross profit rate of 28.2%, 6.5 percentage points higher than that of the United States.

　

The scale of Gree’s overseas business is much smaller than that of Haier and Midea, and the gross profit margin is not in the same level: in 2021, the gross profit margin of Gree’s overseas business was 2.22 billion, and the gross profit margin was 9.8%; Gross profit is less than 7% of Haier’s, and gross profit rate is 18% lower than Haier’s.

The fundamental reason for the weak growth of Gree’s revenue is that diversification and internationalization have not achieved remarkable results:In the revenue structure, air-conditioning sales account for more than 70%, and none of the household appliances, such as refrigerators, washing machines and kitchen appliances, can be used. Overseas sales revenue has almost stagnated-22.3 billion in 2018 and 22.5 billion in 2021, and gross profit has dropped from 37.8 billion in 2018 to 22.2 billion in 2021, a drop of more than 40%.

Gree "blade inward" wants profit

1) Gree’s ability to control expenses is super strong.

In 2017, Gree’s gross profit reached 59.9 billion. Since then, it has "unilaterally" declined to 37.7 billion in 2021, with a cumulative decline of 37.1%.

Haier’s gross profit surpassed Gree in 2018, and its leading edge has expanded year by year since then: Haier’s gross profit in 2018 was 59.9 billion, 10% higher than Geli’s; 42% higher than Geli in 2019; 56% higher than Geli in 2020; In 2021, Haier’s gross profit was 56.3 billion, 50% higher than Geli’s.

Although the gross profit of Gree Air Conditioning is 2 percentage points higher than that of Haier, the overall gross profit rate is 4 percentage points behind.

In the figure below, the blue broken line represents gross profit (rate), colored stacked columns represent expenses (rate), when blue drowns color, enterprises can earn operating profits.

Since 2017, Haier’s gross profit margin and total expense ratio have remained at 30% and 24% respectively, and there is a distance of about 6 percentage points between "blue" and "color".This is the "width of the profit moat".

Haier gives the impression of being steady, one step at a time.

　

Strong China has its own strong middle hand, and Gree’s cost and expense control ability is still above Haier. Although gross profit (rate) has been declining year by year, but the expense ratio has been repeatedly compressed-

In 2017, the gross profit rate was 33% and the total expense rate was 15%, which was 18 percentage points apart;

In 2021, the gross profit margin and total expense ratio were 24.3% and 11.7% respectively, with a distance of 12.6 percentage points. Although it was not as good as before, the "moat" was still twice as wide as Haier.

The expense ratio may not be as low as possible, and a moderate increase in sales expenses, management expenses and R&D expenses will promote the development of enterprises. Blindly compressing expenses is a "defensive" strategy.

In some cases, defense may "drag down a strong enemy", such as Sima Yi to Zhuge Liang. However, Fang Hongbo and Haier Lianghaishan of Midea are all ten years younger than Dong Mingzhu, and Gree is the one who can’t afford it.

2) Net profit and cash flow

Although the revenue, gross profit and gross profit rate all fell behind, Gree achieved much higher net profit and cash flow than Haier with strong cost control.

In 2019, the revenues of Haier and Gree were similar. Haier’s gross profit was 5.2 billion higher than Geli’s. As a result, Gree’s net profit reached 24.7 billion, 200% higher than Haier’s! The net cash inflow from operating activities reached 27.9 billion, 85% higher than Haier.

In 2021, Gree’s net profit was 23.06 billion, a year-on-year increase of 4%; Net cash flow from operating activities plummeted by 90% to 1.89 billion (It will be 19.2 billion in 2020.）。

In the first three quarters of 2022, Gree’s net profit and cash flow from operating activities were 18.3 billion and 22.46 billion, respectively, returning to "normality".

Haier’s net profit and cash flow from operating activities are "a lot shorter" than Gree. In the first three quarters of 2022, the net profit was 11.7 billion, and the net cash flow from operating activities was 11.2 billion, less than half of Gree’s.

In recent years, Gree’s book cash has been above 100 billion, reaching 153 billion at the end of September 2022, while Haier’s book cash was only 47 billion in the same period.

The main function of book cash is to maintain daily operations, such as paying wages and energy costs, and paying suppliers according to schedule. With reference to the revenue cost of the previous quarter, it is enough to keep the daily operating expenses for the next three or four months.

Haier’s book cash at the end of 2021 is equivalent to 29% of this year’s revenue cost. If there is no big change in 2022, the book cash is enough for one quarter. The numerical ratio of 30% is reasonable, and Gree’s book cash is somewhat exaggerated.

On the other hand, at the end of 2022, Gree’s balance of accounts payable/notes reached 76.6 billion, a net increase of 23 billion compared with the end of 2021.

Gree’s ability to absorb gold is amazing, but the capital market has been "aesthetically tired"At present, the dynamic P/E ratios for Midea, Haier and Gree are 11.4 times, 15.1 times and 8.4 times respectively; The P/B ratios are 2.7 times, 2.6 times and 2.1 times respectively.

Like a football match, Gree defends year after year, and the number of counterattacks is few and far between, and it is easily disintegrated by opponents. The "spectators" are losing confidence in Gree.

* The above analysis is for reference only and does not constitute any investment advice.

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Yang Mi Tang Yan Ma Su star issued a statement that it was him!

2025年11月15日 | admin | A1

Star pop statement

1905 movie network news 　Seeing that the Spring Festival is approaching, the circle of friends is full of various ticketing links. The entertainment circle has never stopped, with stars or studios making statements every three days and frequently making headlines in hot search. However, after reading these statements, Xiaobian really wants to say, are you sure this is a statement, not widely publicized?

On January 15th, yang mi studio issued a statement. If it weren’t for this statement, who knew that there was such a netizen named Liu Kongqing who wrote articles such as "International Power Wars Gum" and "Tang Yan-Yang Mi Battle", describing Yang Mi and Tang Yan as plastic sisters. As a result, how many people want to search for articles to get a glimpse of it. (See for details)

Yang mi studio statement

Actually, Tang Yan, who is "not a plastic sister flower" with Yang Mi, also made a statement two days ago, but now the limelight is completely overshadowed by Yang Mi, who is "not a plastic sister flower" with her. On January 13th, Tang Yan’s studio issued a statement, aiming at Huang Yiqing’s suggestion that Masu took the two-character actress to "do her hair". But if it weren’t for this statement, we really didn’t associate this two-character actress with Miss Tang Yan. (See for details)

Tang Yan studio statement


One step earlier than Miss Tang Yan, it is necessary to count "I didn’t bring her to do my hair.""Masu. On January 12th, Masu Studio issued a statement saying that it would sue Huang Yiqing for "libel". Therefore, before Huang Yiqing broke the news that Masu had cheated on her many times, fell in love with Daxun Wei, and often introduced the actress to "do her hair", which became well known. Support Masu to take legal measures, and don’t drop the lawsuit halfway! (See for details)

Masu studio statement

And even earlier than Masu is ZhangJike, who "has never done hair with her". In response to Huang Yiqing’s statement that athletes named Z had "done their hair" with Masu, on January 11th, ZhangJike Studio clarified that they were just "normal friends". As soon as this statement was issued, Huang Yiqing, who was originally called "Crystal’s ex-husband", was immediately upgraded to "the new entertainment circle discipline inspection commission", and his fans and popularity soared. (See for details)

ZhangJike studio statement

And the "initiator" of all this can be traced back to PGONE, the protagonist of the first entertainment news in the New Year. On January 5th, PGONE Studio issued a statement, saying that "the network rumored that PGONE junior high school students broke the news, which involved the act of raping a minor and making her pregnant and abandoning it", declaring it as "nothing, empty talk and rumors".Netizens have said that "PGONE Studio is crazy" and "I actually came up with such a trick in order to transfer the topic of derailment".(See for details)

PGONE studio statement

All in all, in a word, no one may have known about these messy news, but now when you make a statement, the whole world knows it. Are you sure that you are not making a statement to publicize it, or to discredit yourself? All right, as long as you’re happy.

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